Full Depth Research Articles

Wind-Tunnel Simulation of Approximately Horizontally Homogeneous Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layers

Two cases of an overlying inversion imposed on a stable boundary layer are investigated, extending the work of Hancock and Hayden (Boundary-Layer Meteorol 168:29–57, 2018; 175:93–112, 2020). Vertical profiles of Reynolds stresses and heat flux show closely horizontally homogeneous behaviour over a streamwise fetch of more than eight boundary-layer heights. However, profiles of mean temperature and velocity show closely horizontally homogeneous behaviour only in the top two-thirds of the boundary layer. In the lower one-third the temperature decreases with fetch, directly as a consequence of heat transfer to the surface. A weaker effect is seen in the mean velocity profiles, curiously, such that the gradient Richardson number is invariant with fetch, while various other quantities are not. Stability leads to a ‘blocking’ of vertical influence. Inferred aerodynamic and thermal roughness lengths increase with fetch, while the former is constant in the neutral case, as expected. Favourable validation comparisons are made against two sets of local-scaling systems over the full depth of the boundary layer. Close concurrence is seen for all stable cases for z/L < 0.2, where z and L are the vertical height and local Obukhov length, respectively, and over most of the layer for some quantities.

A Method to Combine Residual Stress Measurements from XRD and IHD using Series Expansion

It is common practice to use various residual stress measurement methods to complement each other and fully define a through-thickness stress distribution. Incremental hole-drilling (IHD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are two of the most widely used techniques. Although IHD readily provides stress data to some depth, the method is susceptible to large stress uncertainties near the surface. XRD, in contrast, is most suited to finding near-surface stresses. Constrain the residual stress distributions obtained through series expansion by using XRD measurements, thereby obtaining full depth stress measurements with reduced uncertainty near the surface. The proposed method enforces suitable relationships between the amplitude coefficients of the series expansion such that the resultant stress distributions match the XRD measurements. The method is demonstrated on an aluminium alloy 7075 specimen of 10 mm thickness that underwent laser shock peening treatment. Strong correlation in calculated residual stress distributions was found between the proposed method, standard series expansion and the regularized integral method. The proposed method has reduced stress uncertainty near the surface when compared to both standard series expansion and integral methods of IHD due to its incorporation of near-surface XRD data. The proposed method allows XRD measurements to be rigorously incorporated into IHD results. The effect of XRD uncertainty on the overall IHD stress distribution is localised to the near-surface measurements.

123 A Novel Way of Thinking About Blast Injury Classification

Abstract Introduction Blast injuries present unique challenges to civilian and military healthcare providers because of the complex and often severe nature of injuries spanning numerous anatomical regions, tissue types, and organ systems. Due to these factors, we devised a novel wound-focused classification system for implementation during triage and management of blast injuries to optimize outcomes and applied this system to patients treated at an ABA-certified burn center over 5 years. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients treated by an ABA-certified burn center for blast-related injuries from September 1, 2014 to October 31, 2019 was performed. Demographics, mechanism and distribution of injuries, interventions, and outcomes were evaluated. Injuries were classified using a wound-focused classification comprised of four zones: 1) areas closest to blast epicenter that had total or near-total tissue loss from the blast; 2) adjacent areas with thermal and chemical burns; 3) distant sites with shrapnel-related wounds; 4) injuries arising from barotrauma. Results We identified 64 patients who were mostly male (84%), averaging 38 ± 14 years old. Injury mechanisms included fireworks (19%), industrial accidents (16%), volatile fuels and drug labs (45%), and others including can, battery, lighter explosions (20%). All mechanisms had equivalent frequency of Zone 2 injuries with an average TBSA of 17 ± 18%. Drug-related blasts caused the highest TBSA (34 ± 23%) and the most full-thickness burns (33% vs average 23%). Fireworks had over five times (17% vs. 3%) more Zone 3 and three times (25% vs 8%) more Zone 4 injuries compared to the other mechanisms. Upper extremities were involved at twice the rate of other body regions (43% vs 19%). Patients presenting to our burn team over 24 hours after initial injury had infections in 50% of cases – a four-fold increase compared to non-delayed presentations (50% vs 13%). Overall, 45% required surgery (32% grafting, 3% flaps) but 100% of the drug-related blasts needed surgical intervention. Some patients (58%) required ICU admission with the highest rate (83%) in the drug-related group. Conclusions Blast injuries most often required admission for management of the Zone 2 component. Each blast mechanism resulted in distinct distributions of injury although fireworks had the greatest number of Zone 1, 3, and 4 injuries. Firework blasts were often less severe and more likely to present delayed with infectious complications. Larger blast mechanisms including drug-related lab explosions as well as industrial blasts had the highest rates of ICU admission, TBSA, full thickness depth, upper extremity involvement, and need for surgical intervention.

Leveraging artificial intelligence for more accurate and reliable predictions of anchors shear breakout capacity in thin concrete members

Understanding the shear behavior of post-installed anchors embedded in thin concrete members is considered complicated due to the many parameters involved including embedment depth, edge distance, concrete strength, anchor diameter, and member thickness. This study utilizes the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) concept to predict the capacity and behavior of adhesive and screw anchors with full-thickness embedment in thin concrete members and compare it with the adopted design model in ACI 318 standard. First, A multilayered feed-forward ANN model trained with Bayesian Regularization training algorithm is developed and compared against the proposed model based on the concrete capacity design method (CCD). Then, a parametric study is presented to evaluate the contribution of each variable to the shear capacity and ensure generalization. The study shows that ANN model provides a higher level of accuracy in predicting the shear capacity than CCD model by reducing the coefficient of variation from 18% to 11%. In addition, the parametric study shows that the CCD model does not capture the nonlinear effect of the variables on the capacity accurately and does not include the interaction effect between variables. For instance, CCD shows that the member thickness has a nearly linear effect on the capacity while ANN shows higher nonlinearity. In addition, the study presents a reliability analysis to assess the shift in safety level by adopting the ANN model. The ANN provided an average increase in reliability index by 32%. This study is considered the first study to utilize ANN to anchors embedded in thin concrete members with full embedment depth.

SOUND IMAGE OF DUDUK IN CHAMBER‑SYMPHONIC WORKS OF A. TERTERYAN AND R. ALTUNYAN

SOUND IMAGE OF DUDUK IN CHAMBER‑SYMPHONIC WORKS OF A. TERTERYAN AND R. ALTUNYAN

Changes in the chemical state of metallic Cr during deposition on a polyimide substrate: Full soft XPS and ToF-SIMS depth profiles

We demonstrate the effectiveness of the combination of depth profile analyses based on soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with Ar+ sputtering and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS) with Cs+ sputtering, to determine the changes in the chemical states of Cr nanofilms during deposition on a polyimide (PI) substrate, with nanoscale-depth resolution. The XPS and ToF-SIMS depth profiles obtained show evidence of preferential oxygen sputtering during Ar+ and Cs+ bombardment. Therefore, detailed analyses of the depth profiles and spectra were performed with consideration of the results of cross-sectional electron energy loss spectroscopy and non-destructive hard XPS for the same sample. As a result, the depth profiles for Cr, Cr2O, Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, and CrO3 in the Cr film were successfully differentiated with nanoscale resolution. At the deeper area, the ratio of Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, and CrO3 decreases, while that of Cr metal and Cr2O increases, which was caused by Ar+ and Cs+ sputtering. The presence of the Cr2O phase in the Cr film was revealed, regardless of the preferential sputtering. These results are very useful for optimization of the Cr/PI bilayer fabrication process, which is one of the most important components in flexible electronics.

Analysis on three phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter based on sinusoidal and third harmonic injected pulse width modulation via level shifted and phase shifted modulation technique

This work proposes a comparative analysis of sinusoidal and third harmonic injected reference signal modulation accompany with level-shifted PWM technique named as phase disposition (LSPD), phase opposition disposition (LSPOD), and alternate phase opposition disposition (LSAPOD) and phase-shifted PWM technique. Switching pulses from both reference signal and PWM technique have been fed into three phase eleven level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI) fed on a resistive-inductive load with the modulation depth (MD) set to varied from 80% to 100%. For voltage source inverter, total harmonic distortion (THD) content is critical and must be within the allowable range. To prove the feasibility of the reference signal with carrier signal schemes, the entire simulation of the modulation techniques is established and conducted via the Simulink environment. According to the analyzed result, the performance is acceptable in terms of %THDV and %THDI values. Simulation analysis also indicates, at full modulation depth, due to higher fundamental output voltage component produces via the THIPWM modulation technique compared to the SPWM technique, this causes higher %THDV value.

Cosmology with the Roman Space Telescope: synergies with the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time

ABSTRACT We explore synergies between the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and the Vera Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). Specifically, we consider scenarios where the currently envisioned survey strategy for the Roman Space Telescope’s High Latitude Survey (HLS reference), i.e. 2000 deg2 in four narrow photometric bands is altered in favour of a strategy of rapid coverage of the LSST area (to full LSST depth) in one band. We find that in only five months, a survey in the W-band can cover the full LSST survey area providing high-resolution imaging for &amp;gt;95 per cent of the LSST Year 10 gold galaxy sample. We explore a second, more ambitious scenario where the Roman Space Telescope spends 1.5 yr covering the LSST area. For this second scenario, we quantify the constraining power on dark energy equation-of-state parameters from a joint weak lensing and galaxy clustering analysis. Our survey simulations are based on the Roman Space Telescope exposure-time calculator and redshift distributions from the CANDELS catalogue. Our statistical uncertainties account for higher order correlations of the density field, and we include a wide range of systematic effects, such as uncertainties in shape and redshift measurements, and modelling uncertainties of astrophysical systematics, such as galaxy bias, intrinsic galaxy alignment, and baryonic physics. We find a significant increase in constraining power for the joint LSST + HLS wide survey compared to LSST Y10 (FoMHLSwide = 2.4 FoMLSST) and compared to LSST + HLS (FoMHLSwide = 5.5 FoMHLSref).

Pets in an urban environment as an ecosystem: a systems approach

In the ecosystem “person - pet - urban environment” one of the main unresolved issues not only in Krasnoyarsk, but also on a national scale, is the task of filling the space of a comfortable urban environment with zones of free walking for dogs. The involvement of a large number of subjects of interaction in this problem requires the adoption of consolidated decisions that take into account the interests of all participants. At the same time, the problem of ensuring the quality of life of animals should not be left aside. To understand the full depth and multidimensional complexity of the interaction of subjects in this field, in the further development of the study, it is assumed to use the method of analysis of the system-parametric version of the system approach. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the subsequent application of this method based on the analysis of the three levels of causality, indicated by the author of the method V.N. Sagatovsky as fundamental. A brief review showed the presence of all three conditions for this: the need to move to more active actions in solving the problem, the multidimensional complexity of the issue under consideration and its interdisciplinary nature.

Trace Element Biogeochemistry in the High‐Latitude North Atlantic Ocean: Seasonal Variations and Volcanic Inputs

AbstractWe present dissolved and total dissolvable trace elements for spring and summer cruises in 2010 in the high‐latitude North Atlantic. Surface and full depth data are provided for Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the Iceland and Irminger Basins, and consequences of biological uptake and inputs by the spring Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption are assessed. Ash from Eyjafjallajökull resulted in pronounced increases in Al, Mn, and Zn in surface waters in close proximity to Iceland during the eruption, while 3 months later during the summer cruise levels had returned to more typical values for the region. The apparent seasonal removal ratios of surface trace elements were consistent with biological export. Assessment of supply of trace elements to the surface mixed layer for the region, excluding volcanic inputs, indicated that deep winter mixing was the dominant source, with diffusive mixing being a minor source (between 13.5% [dissolved Cd, DCd] and −2.43% [DZn] of deep winter flux), and atmospheric inputs being an important source only for DAl and DZn (DAl up to 42% and DZn up to 4.2% of deep winter + diffusive fluxes) and typically less than 1% for the other elements. Elemental supply ratios to the surface mixed layer through convection were comparable to apparent removal ratios we calculated between spring and summer. Given that deep mixing dominated nutrient and trace element supply to surface waters, predicted increases in water column stratification in this region may reduce supply, with potential consequences for primary production and the biological carbon pump.

Influence of laser power and welding speed on dendrite structure growth of low power pulsed laser welded super alloy

The influence of different welding parameters like welding speed and laser power on microstructure and the mechanical properties of low power pulsed Nd: Yag laser welded Nickel based super alloy inconel 617 sheets of thickness 1.5 mm has been investigated. In the present study, the welding of the specimens was done in a single pass aimed to full depth penetration. The microstructure of the various samples at fusion zone and at heat affected zone was characterized by field effect scanning electron microscope (FESEM) while the weld size of the welded metal at different parameters were measured using optical microscope (OM). The microhardness in the various zones for the welded sample has also been investigated. The microhardness of the welded samples was compared with base metal after experimental observations. The XRD technique was used to analyze the crystallography of the material at (2θ degree). The material has been used for the present study because of its exceptional properties of heat resistant and corrosion resistant. The Nd: YAG pulsed laser has been used because of its overlapping factor during welding that reduces porosity in the weld zone.

Characterizing forest disturbances across the Argentine Dry Chaco based on Landsat time series

Forest loss in the tropics affects large areas, but whereas full forest conversions are routinely assessed, forest degradation patters remain often unclear. This is particularly so for the world’s tropical dry forests, where remote sensing of forest disturbances is challenging due to high canopy complexity, strong phenology and climate variability, and diverse degradation drivers. Here, we used the full depth of the Landsat archive and devised an approach to detect disturbances related to forest degradation across the entire Argentine Dry Chaco (about 489,000 km2) over a 30-year timespan. We used annual time series of different spectral indices, summarized for three seasonal windows, and applied LandTrendr to temporally segment each time series. The resulting pixel-level forest disturbance metrics then served as input for a Random Forests classification which we used to produce an area-wide disturbance map, and associated yearly area estimates of disturbed forest. Finally, we evaluated disturbance trends in relation to climate and soil conditions. Our best model produced a disturbance map with an overall accuracy of 79%, with a balanced error distribution. A total of 8% (24,877 ± 860 km2) of the remaining forest in the Argentine Dry Chaco have been affected by forest disturbances between 1990 and 2017. Diverse spatial patterns of forest disturbances indicate a variety of agents driving disturbances. We also found the disturbed area to vary strongly between years, with larger areas being disturbed during drought years. Our approach shows that it is possible to robustly map forest disturbances in tropical dry forests using Landsat time series, and demonstrates the value of ensemble approaches to capture spectrally-complex and heterogeneous land-change processes. For the Chaco, a global deforestation hotspot, our analyses provide the first Landsat-based assessment of forest disturbance in remaining forests, highlighting the need to better consider such disturbances in assessments of carbon budgets and biodiversity change.

Ann duCille, Technicolored: Reflections on Race in the Time of TV

Analysing the reductive representations of those on the racial periphery of society has been a common feature among books looking at race and television. Such a description, however, is not sufficient for understanding the intentions of black American academic Ann duCille’s Technicolored: Reflections on Race in the Time of TV. Tracing the development of television from its advent during the baby-boom generation and the intimate relationship established between images of black mammies and the stability of white supremacist ideologies to the present day, Technicolored is a personal and a scholarly reflection on the impact of television within both black and white America. One may at first categorize Technicolored within the body of general, sometimes crude, scholarly analyses of racialized images that seek, with varying degrees of rigour, to expose the negative representations of blackness; indeed at moments the book feels as if it is close to entering the theoretical cul-du-sac of racial stereotypes. Yet such moments within Technicolored are rare, and are supported by a level of sophistication and nuance that actively rejects the fatigued and unstable binary of positive/negative race representation. duCille identifies within television’s investment in black America an unstable co-dependency produced by the power of television to shape identities; as long as race matters, so will television, and it is the full depth of that statement that she asks us to engage with in Technicolored.

Hull Form Factor Prediction of Mini Submarine Model Using Prohaska Method

Speaking of prisoners on mini-submarines is certainly different Fnom the type of surface vessels in general. This is related to differences in the shape of the sub's hull when compared to surface ship. In addition to differences in the shape of the hull, the difference in the operational area of ​​the ship is also different, where the submarine's hull operates at full water depth, while the surface ship the ship hull partly operates at sea level. If the submarine model is tested then the value of the coefficient of resistance will be very different. Where the component of the coefficient of resistance (CT) consists of the coefficient of Fniction (CF), form factor (1+K), and Correlate Allowance (CA). Because the hull shape is different Fnom the surface ship, then the hull form factor coefficient is the focus of this study. The prediction of the hull form factor can be searched using the PROHASKA method. Where this method is done using a mini-submarine model test. By the known value of the hull form factor, then it can be used to find the value of the coefficient of resistance and can know the resistance of the ship

Femtosecond laser single step, full depth cutting of thick silicon sheets with low surface roughness

Separation of silicon wafers is an integral part of semiconductor device manufacture. The widely used mechanical separation methods produce large kerf widths and micro-cracks. Existing laser separation, singulation and dicing methods can reduce cutting kerf widths, but usually involve multiple steps. Although single step laser through cutting by ablation has been reported before, surface roughness is usually poor. This paper presents a method for single step, full-depth cutting of silicon wafer sheets of 200 µm in thickness with an 800 nm wavelength femtosecond-pulse laser focused using a microscope objective lens under ambient condition. By introducing parallel scan lines, through cut is realized with an excellent sidewall full area roughness of 191 nm Ra, which is much better than that of reported previously in laser through-cutting of thick silicon sheets of similar thickness. It is found that by increasing the number of overscan, pulse energy, or number of parallel scan lines, the sidewall surface roughness reduces and the kerf edge straightness at the bottom surface is improved. The effects of p- and s-polarization on cutting quality are compared. Sidewall quality can be improved by appropriate selection of beam polarization and cutting speed. The mechanisms involved are discussed.

The National Geographic Society Deep-Sea Camera System: A Low-Cost Remote Video Survey Instrument to Advance Biodiversity Observation in the Deep Ocean

There is a growing need for marine biodiversity baseline and monitoring data to assess ocean ecosystem health, especially in the deep sea, where data are notoriously sparse. Baited cameras are a biological observing method especially useful in the deep ocean to estimate relative abundances of scavenging fishes and invertebrates. The National Geographic Society Exploration Technology Lab developed an autonomous benthic lander platform with a baited camera system to conduct stationary video surveys of deep-sea megafauna. The first-generation landers were capable of sampling to full ocean depth, however, the form factor, power requirements, and cost of the system limited deployment opportunities. Therefore, a miniaturized version (76 cm × 76 cm × 36 cm, 18 kg in air) was developed to provide a cost-effective method to observe ocean life to 6000 m depth. Here, we detail this next-generation deep-sea camera system, including the structural design, scientific payload, and the procedures for deployment. We provide an overview of NGS deep-sea camera system deployments over the past decade with a focus on the performance improvements of the next-generation system, which began field operations in 2017 and have performed 264 deployments. We present example imagery and discuss the strengths and limitations of the instrument in the context of existing complementary survey methods, and for use in down-stream data products. The key operational advantages of this new instrument are spatial flexibility and cost-efficiency. The instrument can be hand-deployed by a single operator from a small craft concurrent with other shipboard operations. The main limitation of the system is battery power, which allows for 6 h of continuous recording, and takes up to 8 h to recharge between deployments. Like many baited-camera methods, this instrument is specialized to measure the relative abundance of mobile megafauna that are attracted to bait, which results in a stochastic snapshot of the species at the deployment location and time. The small size and ease of deployment of this next-generation camera system allows for increased sample replication on expeditions, and presents a path forward to advance cost-effective biological observing and sustained monitoring in the deep ocean.

The Sexual Abuse Crisis, Virtuous Practices, and Catholic Universities

While the Catholic Church has taken a number of steps to create a safe environment for children, its largely procedural approach to the sexual abuse crisis leaves a lot to be desired. If the Catholic Church wants to identify and counteract the elements that precipitated this crisis, it needs to enlist Catholic universities and parents, as universities possess the intellectual resources to understand the crisis in its full depth and breadth and parents are the most capable protectors of children in the Catholic Church. Empowering these two constituencies and relying on them to lead child protection efforts represent the best chance to overcome a legacy of pain and distrust and to create a Church that is nurturing and safe for its children.

Tensile properties of Z-pinned composite laminates with low damage insertion technique

In this paper, the effects of Z-pin diameter and Z-pin length on the tensile properties of carbon fiber reinforced laminates were studied. A new Z-pin insertion technique which causes less microdamage damage than the original method was developed. Experimental testing reveals that the in-plane tensile strength of Z-pin specimens is 96.98%-105.32% of the control group. The best performance of in-plane tensile properties is TF18 group which pinned by full-depth Φ0.18mm diameter. The tensile strength increases by 5.32%, and the Young’s modulus increases by 4.71% relative to the control group. Compared with the group of large diameter Z-pin, the in-plane performance of the ultra-fine diameter group is better due to the less in-plane damage. In the half-depth group, delamination occurred between the middle Z-pin sublayer and the upper and lower layers, thus reducing the in-plane tensile property. The Poisson’s ratio increases in both full depth and half depth after Z-pinned and it is only related to insertion depth.

The Activation of Gluteal, Thigh, and Lower Back Muscles in Different Squat Variations Performed by Competitive Bodybuilders: Implications for Resistance Training

The present study investigated the activation of gluteal, thigh, and lower back muscles in different squat variations. Ten male competitive bodybuilders perform back-squat at full (full-BS) or parallel (parallel-BS) depth, using large feet-stance (sumo-BS), and enhancing the feet external rotation (external-rotated-sumo-BS) and front-squat (FS) at 80% 1-RM. The normalized surface electromyographic root-mean-square (sEMG RMS) amplitude of gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, adductor longus, longissimus, and iliocostalis was recorded during both the ascending and descending phase of each exercise. During the descending phase, greater sEMG RMS amplitude of gluteus maximus and gluteus medius was found in FS vs. all other exercises (p < 0.05). Additionally, FS elicited iliocostalis more than all other exercises. During the ascending phase, both sumo-BS and external-rotated-sumo-BS showed greater vastus lateralis and adductor longus activation compared to all other exercises (p < 0.05). Moreover, rectus femoris activation was greater in FS compared to full-BS (p < 0.05). No between-exercise difference was found in vastus medialis and longissimus showed no between-exercise difference. FS needs more backward stabilization during the descending phase. Larger feet-stance increases thigh muscles activity, possibly because of their longer length. These findings show how bodybuilders uniquely recruit muscles when performing different squat variations.

Застіноченське та буданівське родовища пісковику – потенційні геотуристичні об’єкти Тернопільської області

The article provides information on existing quarries for sandstone mining as promising geotourism locations within the Ternopil region (Western Ukraine). The study area is famous for its ancient mining of natural stone from Terebovlya sandstones. The object of research is located within the Eastern European platform on the territory of Zastinoche and Budanіv deposits. Since princely times, stone has been mined here for the construction of fortresses and defensive structures. Sediments of the Neogene and Devonian ages take part in the geological structure of the Zastinoche deposit. The mineral is represented by Devonian sandstone with an average thickness of 12 m, broken by horizontal and vertical cracks into boulders. Macroscopically, sandstone is represented by red-brown, brownish-red, greyish-red, reddish-grey, brownish-grey, pink-grey, greenish-grey and light grey variations. The Budaniv deposit is composed of Quaternary, Neogene, Cretaceous and Devonian rocks. The minerals here are the sandstones of the Ivanovo formation (Devonian), the sandstone stratum consists of two horizons. The average thickness of sandstones of the first horizon (red, thick-tiled) is 14.4 m, in the thickness of sandstones there are layers of argillites and siltstones. Sandstones of the second horizon are more thinly tiled, characterized by a thickness of 2.6 to 4.3 m. With depth, sandstones have a pink and pink-red colour. Both gray and pink variations of sandstones are fine-grained, quartz, feldspar-quartz, mica.. Cement is iron-clay; the clay part of it is sericite-silicon. Mining of sandstones at both deposits is carried out manually with the help of crowbars and wedges to the full depth. All processes for the extraction and manufacture of side and rubble stone are performed manually. Terebovlya sandstone is environmentally friendly, so it is used for the construction of facades as a natural heat insulator. Sandstone is frost-resistant and acid-resistant. It is widely used in modern architectural design and restoration of historical monuments in Europe; it is made of almost everything for facades. Among the architectural structures built of Terebovlya sandstone – a nine-arch railway bridge-viaduct near the village. Plebanivka, Terebovlya and Budaniv castles, Pidhoryany monastery of St. Basil the Great, a large number of churches and cathedrals. Geological and geotourism survey of Zastinoche and Budanіv sandstone quarries in the Ternopil region gives grounds to consider these locations as potential geotouristic objects.