Fuji Lining LC Research Articles

Evaluation of Gingival Microleakage in Class II Composite Restorations with Different Lining Techniques: An In Vitro Study.

Aim. To compare the microleakage in class II composite restorations without a liner/with resin modified glass ionomer and flowable composite liner. Method. Forty standardized MO cavities were prepared on human permanent mandibular molars extracted for periodontal reasons and then divided into 4 groups of ten specimens. The cavity preparations were etched, rinsed, blot dried, and light cured and Adper Single Bond 2 is applied. Group 1 is restored with Filtek P60 packable composite in 2 mm oblique increments. Group 2 is precure group where 1 mm Filtek Z350 flowable liner is applied and light cured for 20 sec. Group 3 is the same as Group 2, but the liner was cocured with packable composite. In Group 4, 1 mm RMGIC, Fuji Lining LC is applied and cured for 20 sec. All the teeth were restored as in Group 1. The specimens were coated with nail varnish leaving 1 mm around the restoration, subjected to thermocycling, basic fuchsin dye penetration, sectioned mesiodistally, and observed under a stereomicroscope. Results. The mean leakage scores of the individual study groups were Group 1 (33.40), Group 2 (7.85), Group 3 (16.40), and Group 4 (24.35). Group 1 without a liner showed maximum leakage. Flowable composite liner precured was the best.

A Comparative <i>In-Vitro</i> Study of Sealing Ability of Four Different Materials Used in Furcation Perforation

The purpose of this study was to compare the sealing ability and marginal adaptation of four re-storative materials (MTA, Biodentine, portlant cement, and resin modified glass ionomer cement) used to repair iatrogenic furcation perforations. Eighty-four molars were treated endodontically, perforated in the middle of the pulp chamber floor with a round bur and separated randomly into 4 groups of 20 teeth each, while 4 teeth were used as positive and negative controls. The teeth were embedded in a moistened flower sponge and the perforations were filled with the appropriate restorative materials: Group 1: Biodentine; Group 2: MTA Angelus; Group 3: GC Fuji lining LC Paste Pak; Group 4: Aquafix Portland cement. The teeth remained in the soaked sponge for 28 days and then were submerged in basic fuchsine solution 1% for 48 hours. Dye penetration was evaluated after longitudinal sectioning of the teeth. Statistical analysis revealed that perforations restored with MTA exhibited the least microleakage with statistically significant difference among the other three groups (p < 0.05). The worst sealing ability was observed in the teeth restored with Aquafix Portland cement. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups of Biodentine and FC Fuji Lining Paste (p = 0.066).

Inorganic elemental analysis and identification of residual monomers released from different glass ionomer cements in cell culture medium

INTRODUCTION: Glass ionomer cements (GICs) release inorganic elements and organic residual monomers with the potential for deleterious effects on pulp cells. OBJECTIVE: To identify and quantify inorganic elements present in different GICs and released components from these materials in cell culture medium. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Samples of two resin-modified GICs for base/liner (Vitrebond and Fuji Lining LC), two resin-modified restorative GICs (Vitremer and Fuji II LC) and two conventional restorative GICs (Ketac Fil Plus and Ketac Molar Easymix) were prepared and analyzed by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (EDXRF). Extracts of these materials were obtained by immersion of each sample in separate containers of DMEM for 24 h (total surface-liquid ratio = 45.7 mm²/mL). The extracts were analyzed by EDXRF and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULT: Higher percentages of strontium, silicon and aluminum were identified in Vitrebond, Vitremer, Fuji Lining LC, Fuji II LC, and Ketac Fil Plus, while zinc was detected only in Vitrebond. Ketac Molar Easymix presented a greater atomic composition of lanthanum, calcium, aluminum and silicon. Strontium was detected in the extracts from all materials except Ketac Molar Easymix; calcium was present in extracts from Ketac Fil Plus; zinc only in Vitrebond; and silicon in Fuji II LC extract. The analysis by GC-MS detected 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA) in the extracts from all resin-modified GICs, and iodine benzene was detected only in the Vitrebond extract. CONCLUSION: Of the GICs sampled, Vitrebond released the highest number of components with cytotoxic potential.

The influence of long term water immersion on shear bond strength of amalgam repaired by resin composite and mediated by adhesives or resin modified glass ionomers

ObjectiveTo assess the shear bond strength between amalgam and resin composite mediated by either multipurpose adhesive systems or RMGI when subjected to long term immersion in saline. MethodsPart I: Cylindrical specimens (6mm×6mm) composed of equal parts of sandblasted set amalgam (Oralloy) and composite (Z-100), with a thin layer of either Scotchbond Multipurpose, All Bond 2, Amalgam Bond Plus, High Q Bond Plus or Vitrebond in between were fabricated (n=100×5). Each group was divided into 3 subgroups, immersed in saline at 37°C for either 48h, 3 or 6months, followed by thermocycling (5000; 5/55°C) and shear bond strength testing (SBS). Part II: Identical specimens were fabricated with intermediary of either Ketac Cem, Fuji Lining LC, Rely X Luting, Fuji Plus or Meron Plus (n=100×5). Immersion periods, followed by thermocycling and SBS testing as in Part I.Two representative specimens from each subgroup were sectioned and inspected under SEM. ResultsThe two classes of intermediary agents yielded SBS which differed mainly in the 6months incubation period. While multipurpose adhesives provided SBS values of ∼9–10MPa RMGI provided higher SBS of ∼16MPa. All Bond 2 and Amalgam Bond Plus exhibited deterioration of SBS during the 6month period as well as Rely X Luting. Gap sizes between 0.5 and 3μm exist between all intermediaries and the amalgam; on the other hand all intermediaries exhibit gap-free interfaces between the adhesives/RMGI and the composite. ConclusionsVitrebond in particular and RMGIs in general can serve as an excellent coupler of resin composite to amalgam, providing a durable bond.

Clinical and microbiological performance of resin-modified glass-ionomer liners after incomplete dentine caries removal

The aims of this study were to evaluate clinically and microbiologically the effects of two resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (RMGICs) used as liners after incomplete dentine caries removal and to identify Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus strains isolated from dentine samples, before and after indirect pulp treatment. Twenty-seven primary molars with deep carious lesions, but without signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis, were submitted to indirect pulp treatment. Treatment consisted of incomplete excavation of the carious dentine, application of one of the RMGICs (Vitrebond or Fuji Lining LC) or calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal), and sealing for 3 months. Clinical evaluation (consistency, color, and wetness of dentine) and carious dentine collects were performed before temporary sealing and after the experimental period. Microbiological samples were cultivated in specific media for subsequent counting of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB). MS colonies were selected for identification of S. mutans and S. sobrinus by polymerase chain reaction. After 3 months, the remaining dentine was hard and dry, and there was a significant decrease in the number of MS and LB, in all groups, although complete elimination was not achieved in 33% and 26% of the teeth for MS and LB, respectively. From 243 MS colonies selected, 216 (88.9%) were identified as S. mutans and only 2 (0.8%) as S. sobrinus. The use of resin-modified glass-ionomer liners after incomplete caries removal, as well as a calcium hydroxide cement, promoted significant reduction of the viable residual cariogenic bacteria in addition to favorable clinical changes in the remaining carious dentine.

Sealing ability of occlusal resin composite restoration using four restorative procedures

The purpose of this work was to investigate fluid flow after restoration using four restorative procedures. Micro-gap, internal dye leakage, and micropermeability of bonded interfaces were also investigated. Each tooth was mounted, connected to a fluid flow-measuring device, and an occlusal cavity was prepared. Fluid flow after cavity preparation was recorded as the baseline measurement, and the cavity was restored using one of four restorative procedures: bonding with total-etch (Single Bond 2) or self-etch (Clearfil SE Bond) adhesives without lining; or lining with resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (Fuji Lining LC) or conventional GIC (Fuji IX) and then bonding with the total-etch adhesive. Fluid flow was recorded after restoration and at specific time-points up to 6 months thereafter and recorded as a percentage. Micro-gap formation was analyzed using resin replicas and scanning electron microscopy. Internal leakage of 2% methylene blue dye was observed under a light microscope. In micro-permeability testing, fluorescent-dye penetration was investigated using confocal laser microscopy. None of the restorative procedures provided a perfectly sealed restoration. Glass-ionomer lining did not reduce fluid flow after restoration, and micro-gaps were frequently detected. The self-etch adhesive failed to provide a better seal than the total-etch adhesive, and even initial gap formation was rarely observed for the former. Penetration of methylene blue and fluorescent dyes was detected in most restorations.

Effect of curing regime on the cytotoxicity of resin-modified glass-ionomer lining cements applied to an odontoblast-cell line

Objective The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of resin-modified glass-ionomer lining cements submitted to different curing regimes and applied to an immortalized odontoblast-cell line (MDPC-23). Methods Forty round-shaped specimens of each experimental material (Fuji Lining LC and Vitrebond) were prepared. They were light-cured for the manufacturers’ recommended time (MRT = 30 s), under-cured (0.5 MRT = 15 s), over-cured (1.5 MRT = 45 s) or allowed to dark cure (0 MRT). Sterilized filter papers soaked with either 5 μL of PBS or HEMA were used as negative and positive control, respectively. After placing the specimens individually in wells of 24-well dishes, odontoblast-like cells MDPC-23 (30,000 cells/cm 2) were plated in each well and incubated for 72 h in a humidified incubator at 37 °C with 5% CO 2 and 95% air. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the cell metabolism (MTT assay) and cell morphology (SEM). Results Fuji Lining LC was less cytotoxic than Vitrebond ( p < 0.05) in all the experimental conditions. However, the cytotoxicity of Fuji Lining LC was noticeably increased in the absence of light-curing while the same was not observed for Vitrebond. The length of light-curing (15, 30 or 45 s) did not influence the toxicity of both lining materials when they were applied on the odontoblast-cell line MDPC-23. Significance The light-activation plays an important role in reducing the cytotoxicity of Fuji Lining LC. Following the manufacturer’ recommendation regarding the light-curing regime may prevent toxic effect to the pulp cells.

Bonding amalgam to enamel: Shear bond strength and SEM morphology

Statement of Problem. Most studies of amalgam bonding have used dentin as the substrate. There is little data on bonding to enamel. Purpose. This study evaluated the shear bond strength of amalgam to enamel with the use of 3 resin cements, 1 resin-modified glass ionomer lining cement, and 2 dentin bonding agents. Material and Methods. Sixty bovine teeth were trimmed to expose a flat enamel surface and randomly assigned to 6 test groups of 10 specimens each. A single-plane lap shear test assembly was used. The enamel surfaces were treated with either Amalgambond Plus (group I, control), 2 coats of Amalgambond Plus (group II), light-polymerized Panavia F followed by an additional coat of autopolymerized Panavia F (group III), light-polymerized Fuji Lining LC followed by an additional coat of acid-base set Fuji Lining LC (group IV), Clearfil SE Bond followed by an additional coat of autopolymerized Panavia F (group V), or Single Bond followed by an additional coat of autopolymerized RelyX ARC (group VI). Freshly mixed amalgam was condensed against the treated enamel surfaces. Shear bond strengths for each group were compared with 1-way ANOVA and post hoc Duncan's test (P=.05). Fracture modes were examined visually. SEM observations of the fractured enamel surfaces, interfacial morphology, and conditioned enamel surfaces for each group were performed. Results. Low bond strengths of 1.2 and 1.6 MPa were obtained in groups VI and I, respectively. The dual application of materials in all remaining groups resulted in higher bond strengths that ranged from 14.2 to 15.7 MPa. SEM illustrations revealed various degrees of intermingling between the adhesive material and amalgam. The conditioned enamel surfaces were morphologically varied according to conditioning solution. Conclusion. In this in vitro study, with the exception of group VI, the dual application of either adhesive resins or resin-modified glass ionomer resulted in satisfactory bond strengths of amalgam to enamel (up to 16 MPa). (J Prosthet Dent 2001;86:297-303.)

The effect of curing regime on the release of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) from resin-modified glass-ionomer cements

This study investigated the effects of degree of cure and specimen maturation on the release of HEMA from four resin-modified glass-ionomer cements. Disc specimens were light-cured for either the manufacturers' recommended time (MRT) for that material, or were under-cured (irradiated for 0.5MRT), over-cured (1.5MRT) or allowed to dark-cure (0MRT). Specimens were matured in the mould at 37°C until set or for 10min, 40min or 24h prior to immersion in distilled water (at 37°C) for 4h. The HEMA release was determined by measuring the HEMA concentration in the storage water by HPLC. Vitremer, Fuji II LC and Fuji Lining LC set without light-curing (0MRT) in less than 6min and these specimens released low levels of HEMA (∼1, 7 and 4% of the included HEMA, respectively). Dark-cured Vitrebond took 15min to set and the HEMA release was high (∼50% of the included HEMA) indicating that the material had only set by the acid–base reaction. HEMA release from light-cured Vitremer or Vitrebond was not affected by under- or over-curing but release from Fuji II LC was reduced by over-curing (1.5MRT). Under-curing Fuji Lining LC caused a significant increase in HEMA release. Specimen maturation times of 10min, or longer, had little effect on the measured HEMA release. All the materials released HEMA into their storage solutions. In order to minimise HEMA release, resin-modified glass-ionomers should always be cured for at least the manufacturers' recommended time at thicknesses no greater than the maximum recommended.

Long-term flexural strengths of resin-modified glass-ionomer cements

The use of resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (RMGICs) in restorative dentistry has expanded since their introduction about seven years ago. These materials have been shown to possess superior initial mechanical properties to those of the conventional glass-ionomer cements. However, studies on the strength of RMGICs as a function of storage time are limited. This in vitro study investigated the effects of long-term storage of RMGICs in two storage media, distilled water and artificial saliva, at 37°C on their four-point and bi-axial flexural stengths for a period up to 1 yr. All materials, except Fuji Lining LC, were weak at 5 min after light exposure but reached the maximum strengths within 7 d. Subsequently, there was a small decline in strength. Generally, the specimens aged in distilled water and artificial saliva had similar strength values. The bi-axial strengths of RMGICs were significantly greater than those obtained from the four-point flexure tests by a factor of approximately three. More variations in strengths of RMGICs with time were also observed from the four-point flexure test than from the bi-axial flexure test.

Radiopacity of resin-modified glass ionomer liners and 2 bases

Statement of problem. Lining and base materials for restorations have traditionally been autopolymerized and include conventional glass ionomer cements. Light-cured resin-modified glass ionomer cements have recently become available, but a lack of information exists regarding their radiopacity. Purpose of study. In this study the radiopacity of glass ionomer cements was assessed with a standard method that related densitometric measurements to an equivalent thickness of aluminum. Material and methods. Radiographs were made of specimens with seven materials commonly used as liners and bases: two reinforced zinc oxide–eugenol cements (Kalzinol and Intermediate Restorative Material, De Trey Dentsply), a zinc phosphate cement (SS White, S.S. White Manufacturing), three resin-modified glass ionomer liners (Vitrebond [3M Dental Products], Fuji Lining LC [GC Dental], and Photac-Bond [ESPE Dental Medizin GmbH]), and a conventional glass ionomer liner/base (Ketac-Bond, ESPE Dental-Medizin GmbH), with dentin as a control. The radiopacity of all materials was compared with dentin. Results. Kalzinol had the greatest radiopacity of the materials tested. The glass ionomer cements were substantially less radiopaque than other materials. The conventional glass ionomer cement, Ketac-Bond, was more radiopaque than the three resin-modified glass ionomer cements. Of the three resin-modified glass ionomer materials, Vitrebond was the most radiopaque and Fuji Lining LC was the least radiopaque. Conclusion. Future resin-modified glass ionomer materials are recommended to be formulated to increase radiopacity for improved clinical detection. (J Prosthet Dent 1997;77:239-42.)

An in vitro study of the bond strength of light-cured glass ionomer cement in the bonding of orthodontic brackets

The search to improve the properties of dental adhesives has lead to the development of light-cured glass ionomer cements. Using human teeth in vitro , the present study tested the shear/peel bond strengths of two light-cure materials (‘Variglass VLC’ and ‘Fuji Lining LC’) against a ‘no-mix’ composite orthodontic adhesive (‘Right-On’) and a chemically cured glass ionomer cement (‘Ketac-Cem’). The light-cured materials were found to have an inferior bond strength compared with the two control adhesives. Based on the findings of this study, there is no evidence to support the use of the materials tested for the bonding of orthodontic brackets.

Clinical evaluation of a light‐cured glass ionomer lining cement

This study was a clinical evaluation of a light-cured glass ionomer lining material (Fuji Lining LC) applied to prepared cavities in 45 primary teeth of children aged 3-5 years. The overall assessment, based on clinical and radiographic findings, was 'good' in 42 cases and 'fair' in the other three cases. The material had no effect on the shade of the composite resin restorative material that was used. The findings indicate that Fuji Lining LC has significant value in clinical practice.

Release of fluoride and other elements from light-cured glass ionomers in neutral and acidic conditions.

The purpose of this study was to measure the release of fluoride, sodium, silicon, calcium, strontium, and aluminum from light-cured glass ionomers. The materials tested were: (1) Baseline VLC thick mix; (2) Baseline VLC thin mix; (3) Fuji Lining LC; (4) Vitrebond; and (5) XR-Ionomer. A conventional glass ionomer, Ketac-FilAplicap, and a silver-reinforced glass ionomer, Ketac-Silver, were used as controls. Each test specimen was first stored for 16 days in de-ionized water, followed by a further 16 days in 0.01 mol/L lactic acid (pH 4.0); both solutions were replaced at predetermined intervals. After that, the specimens were immersed for up to 122 days in de-ionized water. During the immersion, light-cured glass ionomers showed considerable variation in the release of fluoride and other elements. In lactic acid, all cements eluted the matrix-forming cations, aluminum and calcium or strontium. This suggests that light-cured materials are as equally susceptible to erosion as are chemically cured glass ionomers. During the immersion, some of the light-cured materials showed a considerable weight gain.

Fluoride release from dual-cured glass-ionomer liners: An in vitro study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the release of fluoride from commercially available dual-cured glass-ionomer liners and to compare it with the conventional glass-ionomer cement. The dual cured glass-ionomers used were XR-ionomer (XR), Zionomer (Zio), Vitrebond (VB) and Fuji Lining LC(Fuji) and the conventional glass-ionomer was GC Lining cement (GC). Eight discs measuring 10·0 mm × 2·0 mm of each material were prepared. Four discs of each were suspended individually in 10 ml deionized water or artificial saliva. The specimens were kept in a shaking water bath at 37°C. At fixed intervals the collecting media were changed and the fluoride released determined electrometrically. TISAB III was used as a buffer. Results showed that the dual-cured glass-ionomer liners release variable amounts of fluoride. The total fluoride released by the various materials was observed in the following order; XR>GC > VB > Fuji > Zio. The release pattern was similar to that of the conventional glass-ionomer cement and appeared to be diffusion controlled. More fluoride was released into artificial saliva.

Sealing effectiveness of light-cured glass ionomer cement liners

Glass ionomer materials have been used as liners or bases beneath restorations, but light-cured varieties have recently been introduced. Microleakage at the restoration/tooth interface in cervical cavities was used to test the adhesion to dentin of two new light-cured glass ionomer cement lining materials, XR-Ionomer and Fuji Lining LC. Wedge-shaped cervical cavities were prepared on extracted teeth with a gingival cavosurface margin involving dentin, and the specimens were assigned randomly to three groups. The experimental groups were restored with two light-cured glass ionomer cements, the controls were restored with a chemically cured glass ionomer cement; and marginal leakage was assessed by dye penetration. The two light-cured glass ionomer cements displayed some adhesion to dentin in class V test cavities, but there was no significant difference between the two materials.

Histopathological Study of Pulpal Response Caused by the Light-cured Lining Material "Fuji Lining LC"

Histopathological Study of Pulpal Response Caused by the Light-cured Lining Material "Fuji Lining LC"

Dentin Bond Strength of Light-cured Glass-ionomer Cements

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of surface treatments and irradiation conditions on the bond strength of light-cured glass-ionomer cements to dentin. The light-cured glass-ionomer cements used in this study were Vitrabond, XR Ionomer, and Fuji Lining LC. Three experiments were designed to study the influence of the following factors on bond strength to dentin: (1) effect of the surface treatment of the dentin, (2) effect of the irradiation time, (3) effect of an increase in the interval between mixing of the cement and irradiation. Samples were stored in water for 24 hours, after which shear bond testing was performed at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. For Vitrabond, the Scotchprep and Gluma 2 treatments gave the greatest shear bond strengths. For XR Ionomer and Fuji Lining LC, the Scotchprep treatment gave the greatest shear bond strengths. The bond strengths for all cements increased with prolonged irradiation time. Bond strengths decreased with a longer elapsed time between mixing and light-curing. This means that light-curing should be done soon after the cement is placed. The failure mode was found to be cohesive in the ionomer.