Frugal Approach Research Articles

Used Polyethylene Bags to form Electric Insulation Sheet and Tape: An Innovative Frugal Approach

Used Polyethylene Bags to form Electric Insulation Sheet and Tape: An Innovative Frugal Approach

Experimental Direct Quantum Fidelity Learning via a Data-Driven Approach.

Fidelity estimation is an important technique for evaluating prepared quantum states in noisy quantum devices. A recent theoretical work proposed a frugal approach called neural quantum fidelity estimation (NQFE) [X. Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 130503 (2021).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.127.130503]. While this requires a much smaller number of measurement operators than full quantum state tomography, it uses a weight-based floating measurement strategy that predetermines the top global Pauli operators that contribute the most to the fidelity and uses discrete fidelity intervals as predictions. In this Letter, we develop a measurement-fixed NQFE based on a transformer model which requires less measurement cost and can output continuous estimates of fidelity. Here we further experimentally apply the NQFE in a realistic situation using a nuclear spin quantum processor. We prepare the ground states of local Hamiltonians and arbitrary states and investigate how to estimate their fidelity with reference states, and we compare the fidelity estimation strategy with our and the original NQFE to conventional tomography. It is shown that NQFE can estimate the fidelity with comparable accuracy to the tomography approach. In the future, NQFE will become an important tool for benchmarking quantum states ahead of the advent of well-trusted fault-tolerant quantum computers.

Near-Field Wireless Sensing of Plastics and Papers Using Frugal Peel-Off Passive Tag

This article presents a novel frugal approach of testing plastics and papers using a near-field microwave sensing technique with a peel-off tag. The proposed sensing technique involves two electrical entities: the sensor, which may be regarded as a reader, and a disposable tag. The reader is a modified design of a gap-coupled microstrip line (GCML) sensor, while the passive tag is a standard double-ring complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) engraved on a commercially available copper foil using laser printing techniques. A detailed numerical study is presented for the engineered sensing methodology, showing the effect of the sample height, sensing distance, bending angle, and inclination. Empirical formulas associated with the dielectric properties of the sample under test are also given. The errors associated with a possible air gap between the peel-off tag and the sample, as well as the relative positioning of the tag and the reader, are analyzed while also considering the bending of the tag. Finally, the sensor is fabricated on a 1.5-mm-thick Rogers RT5880 laminate, and several standard samples are prepared to experimentally check the validity of the approach. The sensor provides a transmission bandwidth (BW) of 1.9 GHz with a typical insertion loss (IL) of 1 dB and a reflection loss of 20 dB. The tag engraved on the frugal peel-off copper foil is used for sensing various dielectric materials by placing it on planar and curved surfaces. The simulation and measured results are found to be in close agreement. The proposed scheme is found to be reliable and cost-effective also for the testing of microwave substrates. It provides robust results for the wireless sensing of objects located within a range of 10 mm from the reader.

A Contrast Frugal Approach to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is now regarded as a viable treatment option for all cases of severe aortic stenosis (AS). Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common and lowers the survival of patients after TAVR and iodine-based contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) plays a significant adverse role in AKI. Therefore, in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients requiring pre-operative evaluation for TAVR, the risk of CIN is of particular concern. It was a single-center study including eight CKD patients who underwent pre-operative evaluation for TAVR with minimized contrast exposure by means of pre-operative contrast-sparing evaluation and intra-operative contrast minimization. All patients had glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated before TAVR and on a follow-up about one month and one year post-operatively to document the impact of this TAVR protocol on prognosis of kidney function in patients with advanced CKD. New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification demonstrated significant improvement of symptomatology (p = 0.0001) by one-year post-TAVR. Patients' mean AS gradient was significantly improved (p = 0.00004) after the TAVR procedure. No significant post-operative paravalvular aortic regurgitation was noted on follow up echocardiogram. eGFR data showed mean eGFR for the group was slightly better (27.38 ml/min/per 1.73 m2 BSA vs. 30.38 ml/min/per 1.73 m2 BSA) after TAVR. "Contrast frugal" approach is feasible and safe for pre-TAVR evaluation and the procedure itself. Our pilot study showed no significant paravalvular leak of the prosthetic valve following this proposed protocol. No statistically significant decrease in eGFR was noted on a one-year follow-up.

Relative assessment of cloth mask protection against ballistic droplets: A frugal approach.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the relevance of evaluating the effectiveness of face masks–especially those made at home using a variety of materials–has become obvious. However, quantifying mask protection often requires sophisticated equipment. Using a frugal stain technique, here we quantify the “ballistic” droplets reaching a receptor from a jet-emitting source which mimics a coughing, sneezing or talking human–in real life, such droplets may host active SARS-CoV-2 virus able to replicate in the nasopharynx. We demonstrate that materials often used in home-made face masks block most of the droplets. Mimicking situations eventually found in daily life, we also show quantitatively that less liquid carried by ballistic droplets reaches a receptor when a blocking material is deployed near the source than when located near the receptor, which supports the paradigm that your face mask does protect you, but protects others even better than you. Finally, the blocking behavior can be quantitatively explained by a simple mechanical model.

Strategic brand innovation – an explorative study of up- and downstream brand innovation practices in SME wineries

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore brand innovation practices in small and medium enterprise (SME) wineries to found mid-range theory of brand innovation and to explain the interaction between upstream and downstream brand innovation during brand (re)launch.Design/methodology/approachThis study deploys a qualitative research method. Data was collected through semi-structured telephone interviews with winery owners and managers from 20 German wineries. The approach explored both product and product line brands, organizational brands regarding upstream and downstream innovation and their mutual interaction.FindingsThe analyzed wineries provide evidence for up- and downstream brand innovation in the wine industry, thereby confirming previous findings that the wine industry is increasingly driven not only by tradition but also by innovation. The cases demonstrate that upscale SME wineries are able to distinguish between upstream and downstream innovation and integrate them in a meaningful way. Furthermore, the results point to the importance of team knowledge sharing and professional networks for successful upstream brand innovation, as well as social media for downstream brand innovation.Originality/valueThis paper presents a novel mid-range theory of brand innovation in winery SMEs, where resource constraints and a frugal approach to innovation demand for an integrated, hands-on approach.

Arctic Connectivity: A Frugal Approach to Infrastructural Development

As the Arctic is heating up, so are efforts to strengthen connectivity within the region, enhance the connections from remote settlements to the global networks of trade, and increase sociality. With global interest in the Arctic on the rise, it becomes increasingly relevant to ensure that investments in Arctic infrastructure actually serve the people of the Arctic, while promoting industrial and commercial innovation in the region through widespread access to broadband and Internet of things (IoT) services. This challenge calls for interdisciplinary research strategies that are able to connect and integrate technological and societal approaches, which are commonly applied in isolation from one another. In this article, we propose an interdisciplinary collaborative research agenda for Arctic connectivity. Drawing on examples from Greenland, we stress the need for localized knowledge to design valuable and cost-effective connectivity solutions that cover the needs for everyday life and may also provide a new set of collaborative connectivity tools for innovation at an international level. Such solutions, termed “frugal connectivity,” are vital for the development of connected Arctic communities.

Integrated Photo-Plasmonic coupling of bioinspired Sharp-Edged silver Nano-particles with Nano-films in extended cavity functional interface for Cellphone-aided femtomolar sensing

Plasmonic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of anisotropic geometries are being increasingly explored in advanced functional nanointerfaces. Here, Ag nanocubes were synthesized using bioinspired and frugal approach with the use of proteins extracted from sesame oil seed cakes and UV-exposure methodology. The protein functions as both the reducing and capping agent via photo-induced electron transfer mechanism. The obtained AgNPs were evaluated in surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) platform in different functional nanointerfaces. The augmented emission was utilized for cellphone-based femtomolar sensing of SPCE reporter molecule, rhodamine B (RhB). The user-eco-friendly approach developed here would be of utility for biosensing in resource-scarce settings.

Frugal innovation as a key to supply chain success: projection into the Moroccan context

In an economic environment characterized by rapid technological change and limited natural resource constraints, the frugal innovation approach is perfectly situated. This approach considers an economical and alternative solution especially for emerging countries by minimizing the use of funding and scarce natural resources, leading to the design of sustainable supply chain concepts capable of meeting the different consumer demands and integrating into the new global economy. This work serves to: simplify the frugal innovation approach by reviewing the separate definitions of innovation and frugality, the evolution of the approach throughout history, and comparisons of types of innovation; find the intersections and complementarities of these notions with the supply chain of the future; and seize opportunities to apply this frugal innovation approach in an emerging economy such as Morocco. The research has shown that frugal innovation can be implemented in both developing and developed countries and is one of the important factors in developing the economy and making it more competitive.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МУЗЕЙНОЇ РЕСТАВРАЦІЇ ПОЛИВ’ЯНИХ КЕРАМІЧНИХ ПЛИТОК ЦЕРКОВНОЇ ПІДЛОГИ ХІІ СТ. З М. БУСЬК

For the first time in the article the analysis and systematization of twin ceramic tiles of the XII century from the city of Busk is performed. Metric characteristics, technology of tile execution and its watering, installation technology are determined. A restoration program has been developed and work on the monument has been practically implemented. During the chemical-technological studies of two samples it was found that the mineral composition of lime-sand solution consists of quartz sand, slaked lime, organic additives and the mineral masicot, which corresponds to the chemical formula PbO, and lead oxide Pb2O. Thus, during the princely era to create a strong solution add protein, resulting in the formation of casein, over time in this solution could function organisms (which would feed on microcasein), so to prevent the formation of microorganisms added antiseptic - lead oxide. Analysis of brown ceramic glaze showed that this color is formed by mixing the tops of oxide forms of calcium and pork, as well as quartz sand, clay raw materials and feldspar. Yellow ceramic glaze was the result of the presence of a significant amount of lead oxide in the charge. Green ceramic glaze was formed due to the presence of a copper element in the silicate matrix.Fluorescent glow is characteristic of yellow and greenish coating. This effect is achieved due to the addition of a mixture of wood and bone ash (phosphorus). Yellow-green ceramic glaze is stronger than brown.. This was reflected in the state of preservation of the decorative surface of the tiles, and is also a consequence of the fact that the yellowish ceramic glaze was more homogeneous due to the lead content. In contrast, brown ceramic glaze was less robust due to the additional introduction of Fe2O3 oxide into the charge. The program of restoration of finishing tiles consists of several stages: photo-fixation of the monument before restoration; execution of measurement drawings and cartograms of losses; part of the ceramic tiles that were in a critically unstable state was strengthen the solution KSE-100; performing samples for chemical analysis; cleaning of the ceramic tiles from pollution by means of compresses of distilled water and a cotton swab; cleaning ceramics from crosslinked organic contaminants by steam jet method; structural strengthening of ceramics with silicon-organic solution KSE-300; injection of cracks with mineral solution to prevent further destruction of the monument; lassing additions; elaboration of a reverse arrangement method of arranging floor tiles. The process of structural strengthening lasted three times in two weeks. After total impregnation of the tiles with silicon-organic solution, they were covered with a film to allow deeper penetration of the substance and slow evaporation. This method allowed to evenly impregnate the ceramic tiles and prevent the formation of zones of film stress on the surface of the works. The main axis of the restoration program was the stabilization of the archeological site from further destruction. All found ceramic tiles had significant damage and cracks, and this is a source of destruction of the object. Therefore, during the restoration it was decided to inject the cracks with the author's mineral solution. The result of conservation measures - managed to stabilize the monument, stop its destruction and give the object an expositional appearance. Ceramic tiles of the church floor are a valuable Ukrainian cultural heritage of the XII century. Their technology of execution and installation testifies to a high level of handicraft skill. The importance of ceramic floor tiles for Ukrainian science and art has led to a frugal approach to conservation, adherence to the vector of quality stabilization of ceramic and irrigated materials. The developed concept of museum arrangement of ceramic tiles will allow to continue historical and chemical-technological research.

Examining the impetus for internal CSR Practices with digitalization strategy in the service industry during COVID‐19 pandemic

AbstractThe year 2020 began with a glimpse into the darkness with the onset of the worldwide COVID‐19 pandemic. An invisible, threatening virus has forced many countries to practice restricted movement and impose lockdowns for the sake of their citizens’ safety and well‐being. In response, many business organizations have implemented various remote‐work arrangements. These arrangements have spurred the use of digitalization strategies and have landed many employees in the vulnerable virtual workplace. With employees facing all these uncertainties and vulnerabilities, their commitment to their workplace could come into question. At the same time, organizations facing tremendous challenges are searching for committed employees to navigate through this turbulent time. From a strategic management perspective, organizations could revisit their internal core competencies to prevail through internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. Meanwhile, the rapidly growing pace of digitalization could further augment organizations’ survival and resilience. This research paper showcases the empirical outcomes of the promising match between internal CSR practices and digitalization strategy; and employees’ organizational commitment during times of crisis. The results reveal that internal CSR practices positively stimulate employees’ organizational commitment, while digitalization strategy intercedes in the nexus between internal CSR practices and affective commitment. The empirical outcomes shed light on business organizations and their ability to take a frugal approach in turbulent times.

NANOECONOMICS AND INNOVATIVE MARKETING AS FACTORS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the fact that the world is changing towards the environmental situation deterioration: ozone holes, air pollution and water contamination, food crisis and many natural disasters. These problems must be solved at all possible levels – global, local and individual. The object of the research is defined as influence of nanoeconomics on the sustainable development of different national economics and world economy in general. The peculiarities of the global environment in the context of sustainable development should be outlined at these levels and mainly at the level of nanoeconomics. The purpose of the study is to identify the individual innovative factor in global sustainable development. The subject of research is nanoeconomics in the framework innovative marketing of global sustainable development. The main research methods are a systematic approach and structural analysis, comparison and observation, mathematical methods (regression analysis, in particular). The results of the study include the assessment of three sustainable development components (economic, ecological and social), their impact on the quality of the global environment, nanoeconomics and innovative marketing. The results obtained can be used in the elaboration of state programs for sustainable development with the focus on the global, national and individual levels as well as on the education and upbringing in different educational establishments from preschool institutions to corporate universities. Sustainable development of the countries studied is determined by the high rates of the environmental protection policy. Although the environmental pollution is still ongoing, there is a tendency of a less hazardous impact on the natural world. Waste is recycled rather than utilized, which is an act of the consumer system improvement when not only brand new goods and services are purchased but also those that can easily be processed. Such policy reflects an economically frugal approach to the environmental development. To sum up, the social component is crucial for sustainable development since all the countries under study are highly developed and the poverty is not a decisive factor of the development with the food problem solved long ago. However, helping those in need becomes the basis for the governmental and the private sector activity. These issues are resolved with the implementation of the Agenda 2030. Hence, the global sustainable development goals are subject to the economic, social and environmental factors of nanoeconomic evolution in the countries studied.

Continuous positive airway pressure for respiratory support during COVID-19 pandemic: a frugal approach from bench to bedside

BackgroundWe describe a frugal approach (focusing on needs, performance, and costs) to manage a massive influx of COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) using the Boussignac valve protected by a filter (“Filter Frugal CPAP”, FF-CPAP) in and out the ICU.Methods(1) A bench study measured the impact of two filters with different mechanical properties on CPAP performances, and pressures were also measured in patients. (2) Non-ICU healthcare staff working in COVID-19 intermediate care units were trained with a video tutorial posted on a massive open online course. (3) A clinical study assessed the feasibility and safety of using FF-CPAP to maintain oxygenation and manage patients out of the ICU during a massive outbreak.ResultsBench assessments showed that adding a filter did not affect the effective pressure delivered to the patient. The resistive load induced by the filter variably increased the simulated patient’s work of breathing (6–34%) needed to sustain the tidal volume, depending on the filter’s resistance, respiratory mechanics and basal inspiratory effort. In patients, FF-CPAP achieved pressures similar to those obtained on the bench. The massive training tool provided precious information on the use of Boussignac FF-CPAP on COVID-19 patients. Then 85 COVID-19 patients with ICU admission criteria over a 1-month period were studied upon FF-CPAP initiation for AHRF. FF-CPAP significantly decreased respiratory rate and increased SpO2. Thirty-six (43%) patients presented with respiratory indications for intubation prior to FF-CPAP initiation, and 13 (36%) of them improved without intubation. Overall, 31 patients (36%) improved with FF-CPAP alone and 17 patients (20%) did not require ICU admission. Patients with a respiratory rate > 32 breaths/min upon FF-CPAP initiation had a higher cumulative probability of intubation (p < 0.001 by log-rank test).ConclusionAdding a filter to the Boussignac valve does not affect the delivered pressure but may variably increase the resistive load depending on the filter used. Clinical assessment suggests that FF-CPAP is a frugal solution to provide a ventilatory support and improve oxygenation to numerous patients suffering from AHRF in the context of a massive outbreak.

How to save the world during a pandemic event. A case study of frugal innovation

COVID‐19 has been the most important pandemic that hit the world in the last century. An overwhelming number of initiatives aimed to save lives and protect humanity came out especially at the beginning of the health crisis, following an outside the box approach to address relevant R&D problems. Digital makers, not surprisingly, have been part of the game. Being masters in using digital technologies for customized products, and being strategically fitted to cope with the imperative to be fast, many of the players on the front line to fight the pandemic have looked at them as the ‘providers next to the door’ able to offer fast solutions to critical problems. Based on these premises and adopting frugal innovation as theoretical base, the aim of the study is to analyze how digital makers have taken part in R&D processes to find solutions to the problems created by an exogenous and unexpected sanitary problem. Through an in‐depth case study, we provide insights on if and how frugal approach to innovation is adapt to cope with the extraordinary pressure coming from event like the COVID‐19. The results of the study highlight the power of connecting frugal innovation principles, agile mindset of makers and open innovation strategies in providing effective solutions on a local scale and eventually exploit their potential global impact. Furthermore, we highlight implications and pathways for future researches.

Frugal Approach toward Developing a Biomimetic, Microfluidic Network-on-a-Chip for In Vitro Analysis of Microvascular Physiology.

Several disease conditions, such as cancer metastasis and atherosclerosis, are deeply connected with the complex biophysical phenomena taking place in the complicated architecture of the tiny blood vessels in human circulatory systems. Traditionally, these diseases have been probed by devising various animal models, which are otherwise constrained by ethical considerations as well as limited predictive capabilities. Development of an engineered network-on-a-chip, which replicates not only the functional aspects of the blood-carrying microvessels of human bodies, but also its geometrical complexity and hierarchical microstructure, is therefore central to the evaluation of organ-assist devices and disease models for therapeutic assessment. Overcoming the constraints of reported resource-intensive fabrication techniques, here, we report a facile, simple yet niche combination of surface engineering and microfabrication strategy to devise a highly ordered hierarchical microtubular network embedded within a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slab for dynamic cell culture on a chip, with a vision of addressing the exclusive aspects of the vascular transport processes under medically relevant paradigms. The design consists of hierarchical complexity ranging from capillaries (∼80 μm) to large arteries (∼390 μm) and a simultaneous tuning of the interfacial material chemistry. The fluid flow behavior is characterized numerically within the hierarchical network, and a confluent endothelial layer is realized on the inner wall of microfluidic device. We further explore the efficacy of the device as a vascular deposition assay of circulatory tumor cells (MG-63 osteosarcoma cells) present in whole blood. The proposed paradigm of mimicking an in vitro vascular network in a low-cost paradigm holds further potential for probing cellular dynamics as well as offering critical insights into various vascular transport processes.

COVID-19 and the Rise of the New Experience Economy

This article aims to highlight the new experience economy upsurge amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Undoubtedly, businesses will not be the same post the COVID-19 era, as it brings with itself both a threat and a cautious optimism as far as market offerings are concerned. Making a real difference to the landscape of experiences, therefore, requires a revisit. A ‘Needs-based, Action-oriented and Affiliation-centric’ strategy mix is proposed to be the central plank of any survival design during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, based on the experience economy framework, we present a toolkit that the businesses can use as a blueprint for revival in the long term. The article suggests that the pandemic is here to teach the lesson of building experiences that are robust enough to survive the plunges in the market, personalized enough to retain loyalties, cohesive enough to not get diluted with a change in channel of offering and dramatic enough to keep the engagement alive at all times. Seen in this light, this article is first-of-its-kind attempt to chronicle the potency of the new experience economy measures in navigating through the COVID-19-induced business crisis and envisioning it as a framework pushing for a frugal approach.

A frugal and innovative telemedicine approach for rural India – automated doctor machine

Rural India is very poorly connected when compared to urban. Most of the developments have not yet reached rural India and most importantly, in healthcare, it lacks good hospitals and sometimes they even don't have a good dispensary. Even when there are hospitals, rural people never get experienced doctors. We know that rural people are more affected by many challenging diseases every year. To compensate all these problems and to provide a good healthcare even in rural villages we introduce an automated doctor machine. This machine can be installed easily anywhere and also include all the required input sensors inbuilt to diagnose the condition of the patient and also provide a diagnosis report with medicines. The patient's health report is updated in the health record database in his cloud account once he receives the medicine. So, when he meets the doctor in future, the doctor can easily get his up to date health record and can also use the web app to update his health record. This is all frugal, cost-effective and fault tolerant.

Inovação Frugal: origens, evolução e perspectivas futuras

Resumo A inovação frugal tornou-se recentemente um tópico relevante no discurso social e acadêmico. O verdadeiro desafio para essa nova manifestação de inovação caracteriza-se pela introdução de algo novo ou diferente com uso de poucos recursos. As inovações frugais têm ocorrido, em geral, associadas a economias emergentes nas quais se encontram grandes grupos de consumidores na base da pirâmide com necessidades não atendidas. Todavia há evidências crescentes de que este fenômeno está se tornando relevante também nas nações industrializadas, potencialmente afetando a competitividade das empresas domésticas em longo prazo, não apenas no exterior, mas também localmente. Como consequência, os estudiosos da inovação frugal começaram a investigar tentativas de sistematizar esse campo emergente de pesquisa e promover o desenvolvimento desse debate. Desse modo, este ensaio teórico tem por objetivos: apresentar a origem e evolução da abordagem da inovação frugal e sua caracterização atual na literatura; em seguida, discutir perspectivas futuras de estudo no tema; por fim, sugere-se que estudos futuros invistam em pesquisas empíricas, enriquecendo os debates existentes sobre a inovação frugal, principalmente da lente do desenvolvimento econômico local, por meio de resultados financeiros e retornos econômicos. Reforça-se também a necessidade de desenvolvimento de instrumentos de mensuração de inovação frugal.

Sensitivity Analysis and Calibration of an Integrated Hydrologic Model in an Irrigated Agricultural Basin With a Groundwater‐Dependent Ecosystem

AbstractWhile sensitivity analysis and calibration are common practice in integrated hydrologic modeling, little work has been done to understand how the design of the sensitivity analysis and calibration affects the simulation outcome in these often highly nonlinear models. This is especially true for irrigated agricultural basins with a strong connection between land use, groundwater, and surface water. Using a range rather than a single set of initial parameter values, multiple sensitivity analyses, calibrations, and linearity tests were performed using UCODE_2014 on the Scott Valley Integrated Hydrologic Model. Calibration results show that parameters related to crop demand and applied irrigation water are most sensitive. Influence statistics show that low streamflow observations provide the most information during model calibration, indicating preference should be given to these observations during model development, sensitivity analysis, and calibration. Importantly, due to the nonlinearity of the integrated model, significant differences are found in results when initial parameter values are sampled from within their respective expected ranges. Estimates for some parameters varied up to an order of magnitude between calibrations, while all produced similar final objective function values, groundwater elevations, and stream flow. Confidence intervals for individual sensitivity analyses and calibration runs only spanned a fraction of the ensemble estimated parameter range across multiple runs. Our work suggests that a calibration design with multiple sensitivity analyses and calibrations of integrated hydrologic models, each using one of several widely varying sets of initial values, provides a frugal approach to identify parameters across the global parameter space.

The co-creation of social ventures through bricolage, for the displaced, by the displaced

PurposeAlthough scholars have investigated how social entrepreneurs create and develop social enterprises in the penurious stable environment, how they are created in the penurious unstable environment has yet been overlooked. The purpose of this paper is to address this research gap by exploring how internally displaced individuals, despite the lack of resources, create and develop a social enterprise to serve the other displaced population in the war and conflict zones.Design/methodology/approachUnderpinned by a biographical research design, in-depth interviews with internally displaced individuals who have created social enterprises in the war and conflict zones were undertaken. Three social entrepreneurs were chosen for this study from three different social enterprises that are created by internally displaced individuals to serve the other internally displaced people of three different countries, namely, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Syria.FindingsThe single and cross-case analysis found that internally displaced individuals deploy bricolage strategy, for example, reconfiguration of pre-existing resources and competencies (both internal and external), to start up a social venture in the war and conflict zones. They utilise pre-existing internal resources, mainly human capital, and external resources, through a frugal approach towards resources acquisitions. The authors also found that the displaced social entrepreneurs utilise resources of other displaced individuals, for example, networks, volunteers, local knowledge and financial supports mainly from older arrivals, and develop their own enterprise ecosystem within the host location to co-create and co-develop social enterprise and social values for all of them.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings show that internally displaced individuals utilise bricolage strategies to create and develop socially entrepreneurial venture to serve other internally displaced individuals in the war and conflict zones. As the findings are based on three case studies, for confirmatory approach, a quantitative study with a large sample size is necessary. Furthermore, as the differences in economic, cultural and linguistic in between the home and host locations can have impact on the creation and the development of a social venture, they should be considered in the future studies.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the limited literature and studies on social entrepreneurship, specifically, to the context of unstable penurious environment. It also contributes to the literature on bricolage by extending its application from penurious stable environment to the penurious unstable environment. By exploring what and how internal and external resources are utilised to create and develop a socially entrepreneurial venture in a war and conflict zones, this study has added value to the literature on not only bricolage but also entrepreneurship in war and conflict zones.