Frontiers Research Research Articles

Turkish earthquake death tolls: lessons from downward counterfactual analysis and informal construction

Earthquake death tolls are a basic statistical measure of the capability of a country to manage seismic risk. The extremely high Turkish death toll of 50,000 from the Kahramanmaraş earthquake doublet of 6 February 2023 is the product of a cascade of detrimental factors. These need to be explained if lessons from this disaster are to be learned. This is the purpose and objective of this paper, which is a contribution to the interdisciplinary Frontiers research topic on integrated perspectives on the 2023 Turkey and Syria earthquakes: advancing understanding and preparedness across earth sciences, engineering and public health. This paper covers these three disciplines by focusing on casualties, and identifying crucial aspects of earth sciences and engineering which contributed to the high death toll. First, there was a surprising combination of multiple fault segment ruptures, and a high level of ground motion relative to the risk-based Turkish code, indicative of the under-representation of the M7.5+ earthquake doublet event in the national probabilistic seismic hazard model. This combination of fault segment ruptures was missing from all seismic source models. Furthermore, the capability of buildings to cope with strong ground motion was much reduced by informal construction methods, which eroded the margin of safety needed to avoid building collapse. The extent of building code non-compliance was widely underestimated in seismic risk models. Non-compliance is often hard to identify, but construction amnesties make non-compliance more transparent and trackable. The disastrous outcome of the Kahramanmaraş earthquake doublet of 6 February 2023 has drawn global attention to systemic building code non-compliance, and the open official acceptance of informal housing. To demonstrate that this key systemic risk is far from being just a Turkish problem, notably in Istanbul, the challenge of Italian informal housing is highlighted within the context of international building code non-compliance.

Identification of multimorbidity patterns in older adults receiving long-term care in Canada, Italy, Finland and New Zealand: results from the ICARE4OLD project

Background: Older adults receiving home care (HC) services and living in long-term care homes (LTC) experience high levels of multimorbidity. In this project - called iCARE4OLD, we aimed first to identify and compare subgroups of care dependent individuals sharing the same patterns of chronic diseases. For these subgroups, we will identify care paths and try to make integration of services and continuity of care possible. 
 Settings and participants: We studied 102,000 individuals 60+ years receiving HC services or living in LTC homes in Canada, Italy, Finland and New Zealand.
 Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including the baseline interRAI HC and LTCF assessments of older people in the period of 2014 until 2018. The project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement number 965341 and from the New Frontiers Research Fund, grant number NFRFG-2020-00500.
 Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to classify individuals according to their underlying diseases patterns starting from a list of 19 conditions. 
 Results: Mean age of the sample was 80 years (65% females). After assessing several fit parameters, a 5-class solution was chosen as the best model for both HC and LTC. The following 5 disease patterns were identified in all countries: (1) Alzheimer/dementia; (2) psychiatric diseases; (3) cardio-pulmonary diseases; (4) stroke/hemiplegia; (5) other dementias. The distribution of sociodemographic, clinical and functional characteristics varied across the different multimorbidity patterns, with the cardio-pulmonary disease and the stroke/hemiplegia patterns showing the highest complexity and impairment.
 Results: Our results show that, by using a common assessment tool, it is possible to identify homogeneous morbidity patterns in older patients receiving long-term care. These may be useful to compare health status in care-dependent individuals across different settings and countries, as well as to predict health trajectories and care needs. 
 Discussion: By applying this methodology to whole populations, care paths can be drawn for home care and residential care clients in a more evidence-based way. The goals would be to use these algorithms to design more integrated care plans for older persons, so that clients and their families are better served, and policy makers can finance the right services and offer targeted care.

OR33-03 Circadian Analysis Of Nuclear Receptor Protein Expression In Mouse Liver Reveals Peak COUP-TFII, EAR2, LXRa, LXRb And TR4 Expression At The End Of The Mouse Active Cycle ZT0

Abstract Disclosure: M.F. Saikali: None. J. Li: None. C.L. Cummins: None. Nuclear Receptors (NRs) are a family of ligand-mediated transcription factors that control the expression of genes involved in a wide range of physiological processes. The ability to study NRs quantitatively at the protein level has been hindered by the poor quality of available antibodies, as well as the lack of available high throughput methods to study more than a few receptors at a time. To address this need, we have developed a mass spectrometry based targeted proteomic assay to quantify the absolute amounts of NR protein in mouse livers over a circadian period. C57Bl6 mice were sacrificed at 12 weeks every 4 hours from zeitgeber time ZT0 to ZT20. Their livers were processed using a transcription factor extraction protocol1. For each sample, 100 µg nuclear protein was processed using the NR assay described previously2. Briefly, the lysate is digested following the Multi-Enzyme Digestion Filter Aided Sample Preparation protocol. The sample is then spiked with 50 fmol of our internal standard mix. This mix is composed of 66 carefully selected peptides that account for 49 NRs, 11 histone peptides, and 6 circadian clock proteins. The resulting digest that contains the internal standards is desalted on C18 tips, followed by separation on an EASY-Spray C18 column (75 um x 50 cm, 3Å), and analyzed on a Thermo QExactive HF mass spectrometer in parallel reaction monitoring mode. We used this assay to quantify the changes in NR protein expression in mouse livers for 9 receptors; RORα, CAR, COUP-TFII, EAR2, GR, LXRα, LXRβ, PPARα, and TR4. RORα showed peak nuclear expression at ZT0, with a peak-to-trough change of 2.2-fold. COUP-TFII, EAR2, LXRα, LXRβ, and TR4 also showed peak expression at ZT0 (the end of the active phase) with changes of 3.3, 2.4, 1.7, 2.0, and 1.6-fold respectively. GR showed peak nuclear expression at ZT12 with a 1.8-fold change. CAR showed 2.3-fold peak expression at ZT16. COUP-TFII, EAR2, and TR4 are considered orphan receptors with no known endogenous ligands. These data will be used to uncover endogenous tissue-specific ligands by analyzing extracts isolated at the zeitgeber time that the receptor is maximally expressed. Sources of Research Support: This project has been supported by the J. P. Bickell Foundation and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research New Frontiers Research Fund and International Development Research Fund. 1.Gillespie, M. A. et al. Absolute Quantification of Transcription Factors Reveals Principles of Gene Regulation in Erythropoiesis. Mol Cell (2020) doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2020.03.031.2.Saikali, M. F. & Cummins, C. L. Quantifying the Protein Levels of All Nuclear Hormone Receptors by Mass Spectrometry. J Endocr Soc5, (2021). Presentation: Sunday, June 18, 2023

HUMAN ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES (REVIEW)

Relevance. The relevance of the antimicrobial peptides study is justified by the serious problem of antibiotic resistance, which presents a worrisome prospect of a significant number of deaths and economic losses in the future. In recent years, scientists have increasingly focused on natural substances, such as antimicrobial peptides, which do not induce bacterial resistance and may be safer for the human body compared to antibiotics. Aim of the research. This review article aims to structure the scientific literature on exploring the potential applications and generation of peptide complexes from the human body. Material and methods. The following databases were used for information retrieval: PubMed, American Society for Microbiology, ResearchGate, Frontiers Research Foundation, Public Library of Science, BioRxiv, Nature Communications, European Commission. Results. The paper provides a description, structure, history of discovery, and research on antimicrobial peptides derived from the human body. The biological properties of these peptides are outlined. The prospects for further studying their properties and developing new-generation antibacterial drugs from them are presented. Conclusions. The investigation of human antimicrobial peptides and the development of innovative drugs based on them represent a promising direction in modern biotechnology. The systematic analysis of scientific data regarding the possibility of obtaining and utilizing peptide complexes from the human body signifies a significant step in the development of novel and effective antimicrobial drugs capable of overcoming the growing threat of antibiotic resistance and aiding in the fight against infectious diseases.

A bibliometric analysis of metastatic breast cancer: two-decade report (2002-2022).

MBC is a lethal form of breast cancer that arises when cancer cells invade other organs or tissues. The treatment of MBC needs personalized approaches based on the tumor and patient characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to analyze MBC studies from 2002 to 2022 using bibliometrics and to investigate its current situation, main contributors, core journals, highly cited papers, and topic evolution. We retrieved data from Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). Bibliometric analysis of the included literatures mainly used the following tools: the function of "analyze results" and "citation report" in WoS, Microsoft excel 2021, CiteSpace v.6.1. R6, VOSviewer v.1.6.18, BICOMB v.2.04 and gCLUTO v.1.0. We found 12,653 articles on MBC research published in 1, 802 journals by 69, 753 authors from 118 countries. The annual output and citation of MBC articles showed a rising trend over time. The United States was the most influential country in MBC research. The most cited journal in this field was The Journal of Clinical Oncology. And the most cited article was by Slamon DJ. The co-word analysis of keywords divides MBC into six research clusters. The hormone receptor-positive MBC and liquid biopsy of MBC are the frontiers research trends. "CDK4/6 inhibitor" had the highest burst strength. Our bibliometric analysis offers a comprehensive overview of MBC research in the past two decades. It shows the current situation, main contributors, core journals, highly cited papers, and topic evolution of this field. Our study can assist researchers and practitioners to comprehend the development and trends of MBC research and to discover potential directions for future research.

Introduction: Open Dialogue around the world - implementation, outcomes, experiences and perspectives.

This introduction sets out the significance and scope of current research on Open Dialogue, an alternative approach to psychiatric crisis and serious mental illness that reorients psychiatry from its conventional diagnostic to a dialogical approach. The article establishes the context for contributions to the Frontiers Research Topic, ‘Open Dialogue Around the World – Implementation, Outcomes, Experiences and Perspectives.’ It explains why this is a good moment to bring together international research on Open Dialogue as the approach expands across countries, sites and services. The different designs and methodologies of Open Dialogue research are indicated, as well as the scale and focus of studies. These range from comparative surveys, organisational studies and randomised controlled trials to those examining therapeutic processes and bringing ethnographic, phenomenological and philosophical perspectives to bear on Open Dialogue.

Bibliometric and visual analysis of nephrotoxicity research worldwide.

Background: Nephrotoxicity of drugs contributes to acute kidney injury with high mortality and morbidity, which crucially limits the application and development of drugs. Although many publications on nephrotoxicity have been conducted globally, there needs to be a scientometric study to systematically analyze the intellectual landscape and frontiers research trends in the future. Methods: Publications on nephrotoxicity from 2011 to 2021 were collected to perform bibliometric visualization using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Scimago Graphica software based on the Web of Science Core Collection. Results: A total of 9,342 documents were analyzed, which were primarily published in the United States (1,861), China (1,724), and Egypt (701). For institutions, King Saud University (166) had the most publications; Food and Chemical Toxicology, PLOS One, and Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy were productive journals, primarily concentrating on the mechanisms of nephrotoxicity and renoprotective in cisplatin and antibiotics, especially in oxidative stress. Burst detection suggested that cisplatin, piperacillin-tazobactam, vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity, antioxidants, and new biomaterials are frontiers of research. Conclusion: This study first provides an updated perspective on nephrotoxicity and renoprotective strategies and mechanisms. This perspective may benefit researchers in choosing suitable journals and collaborators and assisting them in the deep understanding of the nephrotoxicity and renoprotective hotspots and frontiers.

Editorial: Innovative Human-Centric Investigations and Technologies for Human Wellbeing and Health in the Built Environment

The built environment should be designed and operated to create safe, comfortable, and productive 14 spaces for humans. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to understand human responses to 15 environmental stimuli including, but not limited to, thermal, visual, air and acoustic quality ones. Such 16 investigation allows identifying threshold values, indexes and models capturing human responses to 17 environmental stimuli, which in turn can be used to design and control buildings to achieve tailored 18 comfortable, healthy, and productive conditions with a limited energy use. show that, so far, communication between building operators and building occupants plays a more 79 critical role in optimizing or adapting building operations to occupant needs than the data collected by 80 the building automation system, which is mainly used to detect faults in the building systems. 81Overall, the seven papers published in this Frontiers Research Topic corroborate the essential need to 82 conduct human-centric studies to enrich our understanding of the relationship between the built

Moving Toward Land-Based Sound Archiving and Composition: Reflecting on Field Research From the Project Sonic Coordinates: Decolonizing Through Land-Based Composition

This paper examines the intersection of environmental sound recording, sound collection, and archiving by drawing on Land-based approaches, Indigenous epistemologies, and methodologies. In particular, this paper considers some of the implications for immersive sound-based fieldwork informed by site-specific listening methods, embodied learning and forms of reflexivity that are rooted in Indigenous concepts of relationality (kinship). Specifically, this paper revolves around an initial field research trip from our project Sonic Coordinates: Decolonizing through Land-based music composition (supported by the New Frontiers Research Fund) which took place in the region of Timiskaming (Northern Ontario, Canada) during the fall of 2019. Consequently, our paper examines what was learned through this process, and how critical listening and recording/collection of environmental sounds can be used to inform Indigenous sound/music composition and aural forms of storying. This paper ultimately explores the ephemeral concepts of sound materiality and how aural archiving and documentation (through digitizing and digital platforms) is used to preserve and engage historical memory, cultural knowledge and shifts toward the development of sonic art and communication that is informed by site-specific research practice.

Tourism collaboration evaluation and research directions

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate better the effectiveness of tourism collaboration and subsequently identify future research directions. Its conceptual framework for evaluating the effectiveness of stakeholder collaboration consists of four main parts: context, process, outcome and impact. The framework enables comparative analysis of collaboration across different contexts; allows individual or comparative case studies; and enables efforts to collect data on a series of indicators from many cases to test dimensions, elements and interactions. This study systematically reviews 169 studies evaluating stakeholder collaboration, including research papers, book chapters, research frontiers articles, commentaries, book reviews, issue introductions, short communications and research notes.

Photovoltaic/spectrum performance analysis of a multifunctional solid spectral splitting covering for passive solar greenhouse roof

Full-spectrum efficient conversion is one of the international frontiers research in the field of greenhouse engineering. Visible light (400–780 nm) is critical for driving the photosynthesis process of greenhouse plants, but near-infrared spectrum (780–2500 nm) have little contributions and may cause overheating. In this research, a novel greenhouse covering structure named as the spectral splitting covering is designed which can transmit visible light and convert near-infrared light into electricity. The working principle of this covering and the design and analysis of structure parameters are introduced, and meanwhile, a numerical simulation of the light path variation of internal structure and the optical characteristics of the device are also provided. Based on the simulation results, the visible light transmissivity and the electric power of this covering were measured under the actual weather condition. The energy analysis and performance estimation of the system are provided at last. The results show that the simulated transmissivity was in good agreement with the experimental values, and the all-day visible light transmissivity was above 40% and the maximum reached 57.7%. The electric power of this covering shows a trend of being high at noon and low in the morning and evening. The maximum value was 133.2 W∙m−2 and the full-day photovoltaic efficiency was 6.88%. The visible light energy entering the greenhouse was 4.49 MJ∙m−2·d−1 for crop photosynthesis, and this covering can effectively reduce the cooling energy consumption in greenhouse with the 78% near-infrared blocking rate. It can be proved that this new covering can ensure the plant growth and convert the near-infrared light into electricity without the solar tracking system, which realizes the concentrating spectral splitting utilization and provides a new approach for improving the comprehensive utilization of full-spectrum solar energy in the greenhouse.

Editorial: Balancing Hydropower and Freshwater Environments in the Global South

mitigation strategies focused on select species and locations. This special issue of Frontiers Research Topics addresses this gap. Authors present research that aims to better understand the trade-offs among hydropower, freshwater ecosystems, and social impacts with particular focus on the global south. The articles highlight the impacts of hydropower on freshwater systems and mechanisms for potential mitigation. With good planning and understanding of both perspectives, win-win benefits for both aquatic systems and river development may be possible.Key topics in the special issue include: Providing sustainable outcomes for humans, whist minimising environmental impacts, is a constant challenge for resource managers (Silva et al. 2018). Engineers, developers, and ecologists must work together to bring about the best outcomes for people and the rivers upon which they depend (Baumgartner et al. 2014b). Incorporating the most up-to-date scientific knowledge is essential to ensure sustainable outcomes are possible. We hope that this special issue will go some part towards helping inform the broader debate about river development and ensure that we collectively continue to seek a protective balance between development and conservation.

The Impact of COVID-19 Instigated Changes on Loneliness of Teachers and Motivation-Engagement of Students: A Psychological Analysis of Education Sector.

Upon the spread of the global pandemic of COVID-19, education was transformed online in an abrupt manner. Amid this change, the education sector did not have room for proper decision-making and understanding of psychological effects. This theoretical analysis aims to contribute to the proposed Frontiers Research Topic, through (a) in-depth analysis of the pandemic status and behavioral psychology and (b) examining educational psychology from the perspective of teachers regarding sudden changes. As a result, implications are suggested based on interviews, linking to extant literature. The current research recognizes the difference between online learning and emergency remote education. While the former comprises prepared means of teaching and assessment, the latter is unaccompanied by such preparedness. Thus, there are variations in the outcomes of learning, motivation, and engagement. Scholars, teachers, deans, and educational managers can benefit from current results.

The New Era of Canine Science: Reshaping Our Relationships With Dogs.

Canine science is rapidly maturing into an interdisciplinary and highly impactful field with great potential for both basic and translational research. The articles in this Frontiers Research Topic, Our Canine Connection: The History, Benefits and Future of Human-Dog Interactions, arise from two meetings sponsored by the Wallis Annenberg PetSpace Leadership Institute, which convened experts from diverse areas of canine science to assess the state of the field and challenges and opportunities for its future. In this final Perspective paper, we identify a set of overarching themes that will be critical for a productive and sustainable future in canine science. We explore the roles of dog welfare, science communication, and research funding, with an emphasis on developing approaches that benefit people and dogs, alike.

Editorial: Bacterial Effectors as Drivers of Human Disease: Models, Methods, Mechanisms

Bacteria colonise virtually all ecological niches on earth. To interact with their surroundings, they evolved sophisticated multi-protein secretion systems that transport proteins, called effectors, from the bacterial cytoplasm into the extracellular space or directly into target bacteria or eukaryotic cells. Secretion systems therefore perform critical roles in inter-bacterial competition and the pathogenesis of many clinically important opportunistic and professional human pathogens. Generically numbered type I, type II, etc. secretion systems (T1SSs, T2SSs, …), the complex multi-protein architecture of each type is remarkably conserved in different bacteria (Costa et al., 2015). In contrast, the effector repertoires are diverse in numbers and composition reflecting adaptation to specific lifestyles. Environmental, broad host range pathogens like Legionella pneumophila encode more than 300 effectors (Qiu and Luo, 2017). These effectors, whilst not selected under evolutionary pressure by the human immune system, still allow L. pneumophila to cause opportunistic infections. In contrast, pathogens with a more restricted mammalian host range, such as Salmonella enterica, have a considerably smaller (~20-40) arsenal of effectors (Jennings et al., 2017). This Frontiers Research Topic comprises a series of reviews and original research articles highlighting common and pathogen-specific findings and approaches to dissect the function of effectors in bacterial pathogenesis.

The Role of Alternatives in Language

In this review we provide a discussion of the concept of alternatives and its role in linguistic and psycholinguistic theorizing in the context of the contributions that have appeared in the Frontiers Research TopicThe Role of Alternatives in Language. We are discussing the linguistic phenomena for which alternatives have been argued to play a paramount role: negation, counterfactual sentences, scalar implicatures and exhaustivity, focus, contrastive topics, and sentences with bare plurals and with definite plurals. We review in how far alternatives are relevant for these phenomena and how this relevance has been captured by theoretical linguistic accounts. Regarding processing, we discuss the mental activation of alternatives: its mandatory vs. optional nature, its time course. We also address the methodological issue of how experimental studies operationalize alternatives. Finally, we explore the phenomenon of individual variation, which increasingly attracts attention in linguistics. In sum, this review gives an inclusive and broad discussion of alternatives by bringing together different research strands whose findings and theoretical proposals can advance our knowledge of alternatives in inspiring cross-fertilization.

Analysis and Psychoeducational Implications of the Behavior Factor During the COVID-19 Emergency.

This theoretical analysis seeks to contribute to three objectives within the context of the proposed Frontiers Research Topic: (1) delimit two levels of analysis in the present pandemic situation: medicine-epidemiology and behavioral psychology, still under-addressed. While medicine has its essential role on the biological side, psychology has a comparable role on the behavioral side. (2) Analyze the importance of behavioral-educational factors in the pandemic situation, using a precise theoretical model from educational psychology for this analysis. (3) Propose preventive, psychoeducational intervention strategies based on the previous analyses.

Dilemma Tales as African Knowledge Practice: An Example From Research on Obligations of Support.

This contribution to the Frontiers research topic collection on African Cultural Models considers dilemma tales: an African knowledge practice in which narrators present listeners with a difficult choice that usually has ethical or moral implications. We adapted the dilemma tale format to create research tasks. We then used these research tasks to investigate conceptions of care, support, and relationality among participants in Ghanaian, African American, and European American settings that vary in affordances for embedded interdependence vs. modern individualism. Results revealed hypothesized patterns, such that judgments about the inappropriateness of institutionalized eldercare (vs. home elder care) and prioritization of material support to parent (over spouse) were greater among Ghanaian participants than European American participants. Responses of African American participants were more ambiguous, resembling European American acceptance of institutionalized eldercare relative to Ghanaian participants, but resembling Ghanaian tendencies to prioritize support to parent (over spouse) relative to European American participants. Results illuminate that standard patterns of hegemonic psychological science (e.g., tendencies to prioritize obligations to spouse over mother) are the particular product of WEIRD cultural ecologies rather than context-general characteristics.

Repurposing Fragile X Drugs to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Viral Reproduction.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis that requires the application of interdisciplinary research to address numerous knowledge gaps including molecular strategies to prevent viral reproduction in affected individuals. In response to the Frontiers Research Topic, “Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Clinical Management, and Public Health Response,” this Hypothesis article proposes a novel therapeutic strategy to repurpose metabotropic glutamate 5 receptor (mGluR5) inhibitors to interfere with viral hijacking of the host protein synthesis machinery. We review pertinent background on SARS-CoV-2, fragile X syndrome (FXS) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and provide a mechanistic-based hypothesis and preliminary data to support testing mGluR5 inhibitors in COVID-19 research.

Recent advances in the Pd-catalyzed carboxylation reactions using carbon dioxide as carbonyl source

Carbon dioxide is the most abundant C1 resource on the Earth, and its resource utilization has been one of the hot spots and the frontiers research of organic chemistry. Among them, the transition metal catalyzed carboxylation reactions with carbon dioxide as carbonyl source provided high atom-economical strategies for the construction of an array of carboxylic acids and their derivatives, which were regarded as one of the most effective approaches for the utilization of carbon dioxide. In recent years, various transition metals such as nickel, copper, palladium, gold, rhodium, cobalt and iron have been widely applied in the carboxylation of carbon dioxide. Based on our research interest in palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, in this paper, we reviewed the recent research progress of the Pd-catalyzed carboxylation with carbon dioxide as carbonyl source. There are several types of the Pd-catalyzed carboxylation reactions, including: (1) The Pd-catalyzed carboxylation reactions of the carbon dioxide with allylic, butadiene, allenes compounds, respectively, which underwent the nucleophilic addition of σ -allyl palladium species to carbon dioxide; (2) the Pd-catalyzed carboxylation reactions of the carbon dioxide with aryl bromides, aryl triflates, respectively, in which the aryl palladium species were generated via the oxidation addition of aryl reagents with Pd(0), followed by the insertion of carbon dioxide; (3) the Pd-catalyzed carboxylation reactions of the carbon dioxide with unactivated aryl sp2 C−H bonds, which proceeded the concerted-metalation-deprotonation process to produce the palladacycle intermediate, followed by the insertion of two molecules of carbon dioxide into the hetero-palladium bond of palladacycle intermediate; (4) the Pd-catalyzed carboxylation reaction of ethylene and carbon dioxide via the oxidation cycloaddition process to generate five-membered palladalactones intermediate; (5) the Pd-catalyzed carboxylation reactions of carbon dioxide with organozinc reagents, which underwent the transmetalation of Pd-CO2 complex with organozinc reagents to form organopalladium species, followed by the reductive elimination. Although some progress as mentioned above has been made in the Pd-catalyzed carboxylation involving carbon dioxide, there are still some challenges in the catalytic carboxylation reactions, such as the limited substrates scope, harsh reaction conditions, the asymmetric carboxylation reactions, the industrial production of carboxylic compounds, and so on. Therefore, the development of highly effective catalytic systems is the key to address these issues. Palladium catalysts exhibit great potential in the carboxylation of carbon dioxide due to the advantages of versatility, high selectivity and strong functional group tolerance of palladium catalyzed reactions. This paper is intended to provide some advices for the development of palladium-catalyzed carboxylation reactions involving carbon dioxide for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds.