Frontiers In Diagnosis Research Articles

Enhancing Cardiac Imaging with Deep Learning: New Frontiers in Diagnosis

The incorporation of Deep Learning (DL) in imaging represents a significant leap forward in medical diagnostics transforming the approach to identifying, diagnosing, and treating cardiovascular diseases. By utilizing algorithms and extensive datasets DL greatly enhances the precision, speed, and predictive capabilities of diagnostic methods like echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). This piece explores the influence of DL on cardiac imaging by illustrating how these technologies not only enhance image clarity and accuracy but also streamline and improve the analysis of intricate imaging data. The integration of DL enables detection of cardiac conditions with greater accuracy enabling tailored treatment strategies for individual patients and potentially saving lives. Furthermore, automating procedures reduces the risk of human errors and speeds up decision making processes ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and operational efficacy in healthcare environments. As we delve into the state and future prospects of DL in cardiac imaging, we uncover broader implications for predictive medicine and healthcare analytics that suggest a promising future, for technology driven healthcare solutions that are both groundbreaking and beneficial. Keywords: Deep Learning, Cardiac Imaging, Echocardiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT), Diagnostic Automation, Predictive Medicine, Healthcare Analytics

Genetic Testing in Epilepsy: Improving Outcomes and Informing Gaps in Research

While the diagnosis of epilepsy relies on the presence of seizures, it encompasses a group of phenotypically and etiologically diverse disorders in which seizures may only be one of a constellation of symptoms. There are genetic, structural, and metabolic causes, but most epilepsy syndromes have some genetic predisposition. The importance of genetics in the diagnosis and management of epilepsy has been increasingly recognized over the past 2 decades. With increased access to testing tools and new recommendations that all patients with unexplained epilepsy get genetic testing, it is becoming part of routine clinical care. Increased testing has resulted in an explosion in the number of genes and genetic changes identified and it is changing our understanding of the mechanisms of epileptogenesis. Advances in both clinical genetics and scientific discovery are expanding our potential to impact patient care as well as creating dilemmas. This brief review will highlight where we are regarding our ability to obtain a genetic diagnosis, how diagnoses impact patient care, and the next likely frontiers in diagnosis and management.

New Frontiers in Diagnosis and Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): The Role of Dendritic Cells and Innovative High-Throughput Techniques

Kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), represent a general, public health urgency, causing a heavy burden to global health care systems. Moreover, AKI is a frequent complication of hospitalization, and it is associated with short-term morbidity and mortality rate greater than 50%, as a result of its relationship with other severe complications. Furthermore, multiple pathophysiologic processes are involved in AKI, such as cellular death, apoptosis, mesenchymal transition, cellular infiltration, inflammation, cytokines release, coagulation, and complement activation. Since increasing evidence highlighted the central role of the immune system in AKI pathophysiology, several efforts have been made to delineate the link between this disease and the different population of immune cells. This narrative review aims to describe the role played by dendritic cells (DCs) in AKI, with a special focus on recent findings suggesting DCs suppression as a promising strategy to prevent AKI negative side effects and ameliorate renal injury and dysfunction. Furthermore, we briefly summarize the main characteristics of innovative high-throughput techniques, including as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in the context of AKI.

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography: Review and Applications.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has revolutionized ultrasound imaging adding enhanced diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications to its repertoire. CEUS involves the use of microbubbles which are lauded for their benefit of enhanced imaging without the limitations of radiation exposure or risk of nephrotoxicity seen with other contrast agents. In addition, many innovative uses of microbubbles in diagnosis and treatment stages have been discovered. This article summarizes the composition and resonance properties of microbubbles as the contrast agents for ultrasound, as well as their advanced uses in medicine. The basic role of CEUS is in enhancing the imaging of vessels on a macro and micro level to better classify pathological lesions like atherosclerosis. CEUS is also used in identifying tumor lesions by observing for angiogenesis and monitoring tumors post treatment for remission and relapses. Recent research on using microbubbles for focused drug delivery is very promising. Microbubbles can be used for thrombolysis and targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics in an efficient targeted manner while limiting systemic side effects. CEUS can also be used with therapeutic and diagnostic agents to penetrate into the brain allowing better assessment and management of neurodegenerative disorders. In conclusion, the use of microbubbles opens new frontiers in diagnosis and treatment and will likely be a key technique in medicine in the near future.

New Frontiers in Diagnosis and Therapy of Circulating Tumor Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid In Vitro and In Vivo.

One of the greatest challenges in neuro-oncology is diagnosis and therapy (theranostics) of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), brain metastasis (BM) and brain tumors (BT), which are associated with poor prognosis in patients. Retrospective analyses suggest that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is one of the promising diagnostic targets because CSF passes through central nervous system, harvests tumor-related markers from brain tissue and, then, delivers them into peripheral parts of the human body where CSF can be sampled using minimally invasive and routine clinical procedure. However, limited sensitivity of the established clinical diagnostic cytology in vitro and MRI in vivo together with minimal therapeutic options do not provide patient care at early, potentially treatable, stages of LM, BM and BT. Novel technologies are in demand. This review outlines the advantages, limitations and clinical utility of emerging liquid biopsy in vitro and photoacoustic flow cytometry (PAFC) in vivo for assessment of CSF markers including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNA (miRNA), proteins, exosomes and emboli. The integration of in vitro and in vivo methods, PAFC-guided theranostics of single CTCs and targeted drug delivery are discussed as future perspectives.

Sepsis: frontiers in diagnosis, resuscitation and antibiotic therapy.

Sepsis is a major growing global burden and a major challenge to intensive care clinicians, researchers, guideline committee members and policy makers, because of its high and increasing incidence and great pathophysiological, molecular, genetic and clinical complexity. In spite of recent progress, short-term mortality remains high and there is growing evidence of long-term morbidity and increased long-term mortality in survivors of sepsis both in developed and developing countries. Further improvement in the care of patients with sepsis will impact upon global health. In this narrative review, invited experts describe the expected challenges and progress to be made in the near future. We focus on diagnosis, resuscitation (fluids, vasopressors, inotropes, blood transfusion and hemodynamic targets) and infection (antibiotics and infection biomarkers), as these areas are key, if initial management and subsequent outcomes are to be improved in patients with sepsis.

Editors' Commentary

Editors' Commentary

SNP′s and its correlation with hypertension: A comprehensive review

Hypertension is a growing global problem, which mostly affects the adults. It is a risk factor for death from stroke, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and progressive renal damage. These diseases are responsible for considerable morbidity and high mortality rate. Human essential hypertension (EH) is a complex and multifactorial trait influenced by environmental and genetic determinants. Early detection of genetic predisposition in hypertensive patients will enable prompt treatment and avoidance of complications. The use of SNPs in genetic disease detection is facilitated by the recent discovery of more than 4 million SNPs in the human genome that have the potential to be a rich source of genetic markers to establish genetic linkage and as indicators of disease. Such genetic research will open the new frontiers in diagnosis and treatment of diseases like hypertension.

Rectal Cancer New Frontiers in Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation

Rectal Cancer New Frontiers in Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation

Rectal Cancer New Frontiers in Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation

Colorectal DiseaseVolume 8, Issue 4 p. 365-365 Rectal Cancer New Frontiers in Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation M. C. Winslet, M. C. WinsletSearch for more papers by this author M. C. Winslet, M. C. WinsletSearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 April 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1318.2006.00980.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume8, Issue4May 2006Pages 365-365 RelatedInformation

IMAGING NEUROSCIENCE: CLINICAL FRONTIERS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT

IMAGING NEUROSCIENCE: CLINICAL FRONTIERS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT By Richard Frackowiak and Terry Jones 2003. Oxford: Oxford University Press £28.75. Pp. 296. ISBN 0‐19‐852696‐2 Functional imaging, most commonly using functional MRI (fMRI) or PET, is an enormously powerful tool in neuroscience research. It allows the non‐invasive and in vivo study of brain functions in health and disease. In the last two to three decades (for fMRI, the last decade) these techniques have revolutionized neuroscience research and have generated a wealth of new knowledge. It is therefore timely that an up‐to‐date book such as Imaging Neuroscience: Clinical Frontiers for Diagnosis and Management has been published to provide an overview of recent advances in imaging in neuroscience. This book, which is part of a British Medical Bulletin series, is edited by Richard Frackowiak and Terry Jones, who are both leading researchers in functional imaging, with contributions from recognized authors in the relevant fields. The focus of the book is on how knowledge acquired using brain imaging furthers our understanding of brain functions and disease pathogenesis, and how this in turn translates into …

Imaging neuroscience: clinical frontiers for diagnosis and management

Imaging neuroscience: clinical frontiers for diagnosis and management

Value of D-Dimer Testing in Acute Aortic Dissection

To the Editor: We read with great interest the recent review on etiology, diagnosis and management in aortic dissection.1 In their discussion on diagnostic strategies, the authors state that useful biomarkers for aortic dissection are currently absent. We recently reported on 24 patients with acute aortic dissection in whom D-dimer, a degradation product of cross-linked fibrin, was tested as a part of the initial diagnostic strategy.2 We found that, actually, all patients with acute aortic dissection …

New basic discoveries and frontiers in diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to therapy in human thyroid, urinary bladder, and prostate tumors.

The fourth edition of this workshop mainly focused on three different human oncotypes, which included thyroid, urinary bladder, and prostate tumors as clinical models to gain new basic knowledge on tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. At the previous editions (Giordano et al., 2000, J Cell Physiol 183:284-287; Giordano et al., 2001, J Cell Physiol 188:274-280; Giordano et al., 2002, J Cell Physiol 191:362-365), leaders in the fields of pathology, clinical oncology, and basic research presented and discussed the most recent and prevalent findings in such neoplasms from a basic and clinical perspective. A concept that has been widely proposed is that the analysis of intrinsic biological factors displayed by primary tumors may be a valid method for diagnosing different neoplasias and for measuring both their aggressiveness and response to therapy. To date, however, no single prognostic factor, such as oncogenes, suppressor genes, or genes involved in the control of the cell cycle and/or apoptosis has yet proven to be potent enough to be used in clinical practice as a prognostic and predictive factor. The new possibility to simultaneously analyze the expression of the complete repertoire of human genes and a large number of proteins could offer a new scenario in tumor classification, allowing for the formulation of a list of genes able to define a "signature" of tumor outcome. Moreover, starting from data obtained from biomolecular tumor analyses, it has been demonstrated that with this approach, it is also possible to design future therapeutic strategies.

Aortic dissection: new frontiers in diagnosis and management: Part II: therapeutic management and follow-up.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in most Western societies and is increasing steadily in many developing countries. Aortic diseases constitute an emerging share of the burden. New diagnostic imaging modalities, longer life expectancy in general, longer exposure to elevated blood pressure, and the proliferation of modern noninvasive imaging modalities have all contributed to the growing awareness of acute and chronic aortic syndromes. Despite recent progress in recognition of both the epidemiological problem and diagnostic and therapeutic advances, the cardiology community and the medical community in general are far from comfortable in understanding the spectrum of aortic syndromes and defining an optimal pathway to manage aortic diseases.1–13 This comprehensive review is organized in two parts, with focus on etiology, natural history, and classification (with vascular staging) of aortic wall disease in Part I and emphasis on therapeutic management and follow-up in Part II. Both parts may help to better integrate the complexities of acute aortic syndromes.

Aortic dissection: new frontiers in diagnosis and management: Part I: from etiology to diagnostic strategies.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in most Western societies and is increasing steadily in many developing countries. Aortic diseases constitute an emerging share of the burden. New diagnostic imaging modalities, longer life expectancy in general, longer exposure to elevated blood pressure, and the proliferation of modern noninvasive imaging modalities have all contributed to the growing awareness of acute and chronic aortic syndromes. Despite recent progress in recognition of both the epidemiological problem and diagnostic and therapeutic advances, the cardiology community and the medical community in general are far from comfortable in understanding the spectrum of aortic syndromes and defining an optimal pathway to manage aortic diseases.1–13 This comprehensive review is organized in two parts, with a focus on the etiology, natural history, and classification (with vascular staging) of aortic wall disease in Part I and emphasis on therapeutic management and follow-up in Part II. Both parts may help to better integrate the complexities of acute aortic syndromes.

Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment OF Neuroendocrine Gut and Pancreatic Tumors: A meeting held at Kebnekaise, Sweden, June 13-16, 1990

After our previous meeting at Kettilo, two years ago, most of the participants indicated that they would like to meet every second year to update the recent knowledge and research frontiers in diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine gut and pancreatic tumors. We all felt that it was important to come together and have both formal presentations and informal discussions of different issues. This time I decided to concentrate upon some areas of particular interest where new information has emerged during the past few years. These include multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, particular works on molecular genetics, so-called ECL-omas, neuroendocrine tumors of the gastric mucosa, the somatostatin analogue Sandostatin, which has turned out not only to be a therapeutic agent but also to have a potential role in diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors, and finally alpha interferons and mechanisms of action in neuroendocrine tumors.