Frontier Areas Of Research Research Articles

Research Hotpots and Trends of Ideological and Political Education Work of Communist Youth League in High Schools -- Analysis of Cite Space Based on CNKI Database

The paper analyzed 355 papers on “Youth League of Universities” in China Knowledge Network (CNKI) from 2012 to 2022 by using Cite Space knowledge visualization analysis tool. The results show that “Youth League”, “new media” and “higher vocational colleges” have become the hotpots of research in this field for more than ten years, and the number of papers has been influenced by the policy. The number of papers has shown a wave development trend from decreasing to increasing, and then decreasing to increasing again; the frontier areas of research are “second classroom”, “collaborative education”, “new era”, “thought leadership”, and “new era”. Compared with the work of ideological and political education in colleges and universities and the work of the Communist Youth League in colleges and universities, the research results related to the ideological and political education work of the Communist Youth League in colleges and universities are fewer and of higher quality. Compared with the work of ideological and political education in colleges and universities and the whole work of the Communist Youth League in colleges and universities, the research results related to the work of the Communist Youth League in colleges and universities are less and of lower quality. By analyzing the current development trend and hot spots of the ideological and political work of the Communist Youth League in colleges and universities, we pay attention to the work of the Communist Youth League in colleges and universities, accurately grasp the positioning of the Communist Youth League in the ideological and political education work, further improve the ideological and political education level of the Communist Youth League in colleges and universities, and the systematic implementation mechanism of the ideological and political education work of the Communist Youth League in colleges and universities.

Pulses Production: Status, Trends and Strategies in India

Pulses are an important ingredient in the vegetarian diet of Indian masses. These are important because these have a high value for maintaining the optimal blood sugar levels and also restoring energy over a long period of time after the meals because the carbohydrates provided by pulses are released slowly as compared to cereals. In general, pulses are one of the most sustainable crops as it utilizes only 359 liter of water to produce one kg of pulses as compared to 1,802 liter for soybeans and 3,071 liters for groundnut. They play a significant role in contributing to soil quality by fixing nitrogen in the soil. India is one of the largest producer as well as consumer of a wide variety of pulses that is dominated by the tropical and sub-tropical crops such as chickpea, black gram, pigeon pea, green gram, lentil & so on. In this study, analysis has been done to help out the researcher and policy makers to take decisions regarding future initiatives and programs. In India during 2017-18 pulses were grown over an area of 29.99 million hectare producing 25.23 million tones with yield of 841 kg / per hectare. The cropping area of pulses in Haryana as compared to India is almost decreasing. The trend of contribution of pulses by Haryana at national level is also decreasing which reduces from 0.10 million tons in 2000-01 to 0.06 million tons in 2016-17. In India, about 5.63 to 10.90 percent share of food grains production is of pulses. The percentage growth rate in the cropped area as well as in production of total pulses in India shows much fluctuation but serious downfall in case of Haryana. The present study tries to review and analyze the current policy environment and suggests ways and means to improve the pulses production scenario in the country and Haryana as well. It advocates the need to diversify from cereal–based cropping systems to pulses-based cropping system with certain policy decisions like crop diversification, improving seed replacement rate, improved crop production techniques etc. This paper analyses status of pulse crop in India as a whole and Haryana in particular along with paradigm shift required in policy decision, pulse research, technology generation & dissemination, commercialization along with capacity building of farmers and frontier areas of research & extension.

Present Status of Research on Floriculture in India

Extensive research has already been done in India to generate basic knowledge on multidisciplinary aspects of floricultural crops. Our floriculture got an early lead and substantial gains in some areas. Our contribution in germplasm collections, characterisation, cytology, crop improvement and induced mutation are worth mentioning. But our contribution in the frontier areas of research in floriculture is very few. Despite significant technological advances, we are still repeating some of our experiments as routine activities. We can stop some of our routine activities and can prepare a need-based planning considering on-going and on-coming research areas in floriculture. We can slowly try to diversify each activity keeping in view the modern developments. We may plan our activities in such a way that we must be pioneers in some frontiers of floriculture research and well recognised in the floriculture world. There is need to take deep interest to apply modern technology for the futuristic studies in floriculture.

Doubling the farm income through the promoting of pigeonpea based intercropping system: A review

In order to ensure self-sufficiency, the current pulses requirement in the country is estimated at 22.5 MT. Keeping in view the trends in population growth rate and that several other options besides pulses are now available for meeting protein requirements of the people due to change in food habits of masses, the pulse requirement in the country is projected at 32 MT by the year 2030 and 39 million tonnes by the year 2050. This necessitates an annual growth rate of 2.2% requiring a phenomenal shift in research, technology generation, its dissemination, and commercialization along with capacity building in frontier areas of research. In every five year interval productivity will have to be enhanced by an average of about 80 kg/ha over the previous one to achieve a final productivity rate of 950 kg/ha by the end of 2025 and 1335 kg/ha by the end of 2050. The above-stated projections have been made assuming that practically it will be feasible to increase about 4 million ha additional area under pulses. The current per capita availability is estimated at 41.6 g/capita/day which was quite low (31.8 g) in 2000. Cultivation of pulses on poor soils under rainfed conditions with minimum inputs and care subject these crops to severe yield losses not only due to edaphic, abiotic and socio-economic factors but also due to confounding effects of various biotic stresses. High influence of environmental factors and their interactions with genotype are the major production constraint in pulses which lead to a limited gain in terms of productivity in most of the pulses. Therefore, for increasing of production of pulses, intercropping systems found to more beneficial in comparison to sole cropping systems in respect to profitability and soil fertility.

Trends of Pulses Production: A Study on Current Scenario and Strategies in India with Special Reference to Bihar

Bihar is one of the important pulse growing state of India with productivity of 839.3 kg/ha in 2010–11 which is projected to attain 1461.3 kg/ha by 2050–51, highest in eastern India. With nearly 2.2 million ha of rice fallows, a small technological intervention can transform the rice- fallow to rice-gram or rice-lentil system bringing about pulse revolution. The present study tries to review and analyze the current policy environment and suggests ways and means to improve the pulses production scenario in the country. It advocates, the need to diversify from cereal–based cropping systems to pulses-based cropping system with certain policy decisions like identification of additional rice fallow lands largely in Eastern India, crop diversification, improving seed replacement rate, improved crop production techniques etc. Study also suggests that provisions should be made for easy credit, insurance, attractive Minimum Support Price (MSP) with procurement and appropriate incentives for pulse producers as well as creating necessary infrastructure for processing, marketing and value-addition. This paper analyses status of pulse crop in India as whole and Bihar in particular along with paradigm shift required in policy decision, pulse research, technology generation and dissemination, commercialization along with capacity building of farmers and frontier areas of research and extension.

Trends of Pulses Production, Consumption and Import in India: Current Scenario And Strategies

Though India is the largest producer (around 25% of global production), it however, consumes 27% and imports around 14% of its pulses requirements. The yield of pulses in India is quite low at 781 kg/ha which might be due to policy neglect. The post green revolution era saw a sharp decline in per capita production and availability of pulses with record 4.0 million tones imports of pulses in 2012-13. Bihar is one of the important pulse growing state of India with productivity of 839.3 Kg/ha in 2010-11 which is projected to attain 1461.3 kg/ha by 2050-51, highest in eastern India. With nearly 2.2 million ha of rice fallows, a small technological intervention can transform the rice- fallow to rice-gram or rice-lentil system bringing about pulse revolution. Need is to diversify from cereal–based cropping systems to pulses-based cropping system with certain policy decision like identification of additional rice fallow lands largely in Eastern India, crop diversification, improving seed replacement rate, improved crop production techniques etc. Provisions should be made for easy credit, insurance, attractive Minimum Support Price (MSP) with procurement and appropriate incentives for pulse producers as well as creating necessary infrastructure for processing, marketing and value-addition. This paper analyses status of pulse crop in India as whole and Bihar in particular along with paradigm shift required in policy decision, pulse research, technology generation and dissemination, commercialization along with capacity building of farmers and frontier areas of research and extension.

Trends of Pulses Production, Consumption and Import in India: Current Scenario and Strategies

Though India is the largest producer (around 25% of global production), it however, consumes 27% and imports around 14% of its pulses requirements. The yield of pulses in India is quite low at 781 kg/ha which might be due to policy neglect. The post green revolution era saw a sharp decline in per capita production and availability of pulses with record 4.0 million tones imports of pulses in 2012-13. Bihar is one of the important pulse growing state of India with productivity of 839.3 Kg/ha in 2010-11 which is projected to attain 1461.3 kg/ha by 2050-51, highest in eastern India. With nearly 2.2 million ha of rice fallows, a small technological intervention can transform the rice- fallow to rice-gram or rice-lentil system bringing about pulse revolution. Need is to diversify from cereal–based cropping systems to pulses-based cropping system with certain policy decision like identification of additional rice fallow lands largely in Eastern India, crop diversification, improving seed replacement rate, improved crop production techniques etc. Provisions should be made for easy credit, insurance, attractive Minimum Support Price (MSP) with procurement and appropriate incentives for pulse producers as well as creating necessary infrastructure for processing, marketing and value-addition. This paper analyses status of pulse crop in India as whole and Bihar in particular along with paradigm shift required in policy decision, pulse research, technology generation and dissemination, commercialization along with capacity building of farmers and frontier areas of research and extension.

The role of imaging informatics in clinical translational research: perspectives and challenges from a US academic institution

Nearly in all clinical medicine specialties, medical images and other multi-media related data are generated and need to be distributed to points of decision. Recently, the electronic patient record (ePR) with image distribution system is gradually taking over as the method for distribution of multi-media content to the clinical environment. New challenges are accompanying its spread into other clinical fields. Particularly important are the modeling and analysis of workflow of the affected clinical disciplines as well as interface and integration issues with the image-connected electronic patient record. Although the awareness of these issues is increasing rapidly, equally important is the recognition in the professional community that more rigorous scientific methods are needed to handle the clinical system development and deployment. Furthermore, medical imaging informatics is not only based on many existing concepts, theories, terminology, and methodology derived from health informatics, but also deals with different types of data including multi-dimensional medical images, graphics, waveforms, graphics and text which are focused on the cellular, tissue, and organ systems. Accordingly, medical imaging informatics requires new concepts and new tool sets to handle these types of data. This presentation aims to first introduce the basic concepts of Medical Imaging Informatics infrastructure in both research and clinical environments including PACS, RIS, HIS, ePR, standards, databases, and system integration. This will be followed with discussions of new frontier areas of research in medical imaging informatics with some examples of clinical applications in Surgery, Neurology, Oncology, and Neuro-Rehabilitation.

Intellectual structure of Antarctic science: A 25-years analysis

To delineate the intellectual structure of Antarctic science, the research outputs on Antarctic science have been analyzed for a period of 25 years (1980–2004) through a set of scientometrics and network analysis techniques. The study is based on 10,942 records (research articles, letters, reviews, etc.), published in 961 journals/documents, and retrieved from the Science Citation Index (SCI) database. Over the years interest in Antarctic science has increased, as is evident from the growing number of ratified countries and research stations. During the period under study, the productivity has increased 3-times and there is a 13-fold increase in collaborative articles. Attempt has been made to identify important players like scientists, organizations and countries working in the field and to identify frontier areas of research that is being conducted in this continent. The highest 41% scientific output is contributed by the USA and the UK, followed by Australia and Germany. British Antarctic Survey (BAS), UK and Alfred Wegener Institute of Polar & Marine Research, Germany are the most productive institutes in Antarctic science. Maximum number of research articles on Antarctic science, have been published in the journal Polar Biology, indicating substantial work being done on the biology of this continent. The journals — Nature and Science — are the highly-cited journals in Antarctic science. The paper written by J. C. Farman et al., published in Nature in 1985, reporting depletion of ozone layer, is the most-cited article. Semantic relationships between cited documents were measured through co-citation analysis. J. C. Farman and S. Solomon are co-cited most frequently.

Multiwavelength elemental contrast phase imaging by the use of dispersion effects

In many frontier areas of research it is the distribution of a particular element in the sample which is of crucial interest. This paper proposes a method in which the signal due to the presence of a particular element can be enhanced while signals due to other elements present in the sample are suppressed. Rather than comparing the images measured above and below an absorption edge in conventional absorption contrast technique this method enhances the phase effect due to a particular element by taking multiple-wavelength measurements in the vicinity of its absorption edge of the element of interest. It is shown that the method can be incorporated to various techniques of x-ray phase imaging and therefore promises to have a very wide range of applications.

Inherent Complexities of Trace Detection by Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) are powerful optical scattering techniques used in such frontier areas of research as ultrasensitive chemical analysis, the characterization of nanostructures, and the detection of single molecules. However, measuring and, most importantly, interpreting SERS/SERRS spectra can be incredibly challenging. This is the result of modifications to the measured spectra that are due to of a variety of instabilities and contributions. These interferences and modifications arise from the nature of the enhancement itself, as well as the conditions used to attain SERS spectra. The present report is an attempt to collect in one place the analytical interferences that are most commonly found during the collection of SERS/SERRS spectra.

Towards an understanding of complex biological membranes from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations.

Computer simulation has emerged as a powerful tool for studying the structural and functional properties of complex biological membranes. In the last few years, the use of recently developed simulation methodologies and current generation force fields has permitted novel applications of molecular dynamics simulations, which have enhanced our understanding of the different physical processes governing biomembrane structure and dynamics. This review focuses on frontier areas of research with important biomedical applications. We have paid special attention to polyunsaturated lipids, membrane proteins and ion channels, surfactant additives in membranes, and lipid-DNA gene transfer complexes.

Inside the Frontier Areas of Research in Physics: A Micro Level Analysis

In an earlier study, a methodology was described for identifying Frontier Areas in a research field, i.e., areas which experienced in a particular time period significant increase in research output in comparison to a preceding time period. The application of this methodology was shown by identifying Frontier Areas of research in Physics in 1995. Comparison was done with respect to the outputs in different areas in 1990. Profiles of countries active in the identified Frontier Areas were then constructed. In this paper, attempt is made to reveal the active research topics/themes within these Frontier Areas in 1990 and 1995. The active research topics, which are uncovered, are classified as Frontier Topics. Countries active in these frontier topics are distinguished in each time period. Association among countries and Frontier Topics are observed using the multivariate technique of correspondence analysis. Dynamics are observed by analysing the changes in the profiles of the countries in the two time periods. Results and implications of this study for decision-making and as a policy tool are highlighted.

The perennial challenge of anomalies at the frontiers of science

The history of science is full of rejections of novel discoveries that challenged the dominant paradigm. The reasons for rejection on the part of the scientific community are discussed. Nonetheless, scientific anomalies are crucial to promoting continuous scientific innovation and breakthroughs. The most challenging anomalies are recognized only after a reasoned explanation has been offered and accepted. Many of these anomalies come from the ‘frontier sciences’, areas of scientific inquiry that are not yet mainstream. The extraordinary obstacles that frontier scientists face are elaborated. In the light of this, strategies are offered toward progress, particularly for research in homoeopathy and low dose bio-effects. Several frontier areas of research in biology and medicine relate to the subtler features of life that seem to defy explanation by conventional molecular mechanism. Frontier scientists working in the areas of consciousness studies, epigenetic inheritance, certain topics in bio-electromagnetics, and homoeopathy and other low dose bio-effects offer science the gift of new questions that go beyond the dominant paradigm of mechanical reductionism. Often regarded as isolated anomalies by the mainstream, the results of their investigations taken collectively show need for a larger paradigm to accommodate them. Biology appears to entering a crisis. Whereas conventional science maintains that biological information is stored and transferred via biomolecular structures such as DNA, the novel frontier findings suggest that other informational signals not attributable to discrete chemical structures may elicit biological effects. These signals may be interacting with a more subtle bioregulatory system that is a property of the whole organism, such as its endogenous electromagnetic field.

RareKdecays

This article reviews the current situation in the field of rare $K$ decays: the relevant phenomenology, the present experimental situation, and prospects for the near future. Study of rare $K$ decays can make a significant contribution in a number of different frontier areas of research in high-energy physics. In the area of $\mathrm{CP}$ violation, study of such rare decays as ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, and muon polarization in ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ can provide important complementary information to what has been learned from the decay ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$. Even though experiments with sufficient accuracy to make a meaningful study of $\mathrm{CP}$ violation are still a few years away, significant progress has been made in this general area during the last decade. A second major area of interest in the field of rare $K$ decays is the search for processes forbidden in the Standard Model, e.g., ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}e$ and ${K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. Various extensions of the Standard Model predict that these processes will occur with branching fractions in the range of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$. Experiments of the last decade have pushed the limits into the ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ range, and further improvements in sensitivity of one to two orders of magnitude can be expected in the next few years. $K$ decays allow one also to study higher-order weak-interaction processes such as ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, which are forbidden to first order in the Standard Model. Because of strong suppression, these decay modes offer potential windows on new physics; in addition, they may offer the most reliable measurement of ${V}_{\mathrm{td}}$, one of the elements of the weak mixing matrix in the quark sector. The studies of the ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ channel have achieved data samples of close to 1000 events; the other two modes should be observed for the first time in the next few years. Finally, as a byproduct of these studies, one has been able to look simultaneously for new light particles into which the $K$ meson could decay. Limits obtained for various hypothetical particles are summarized.

Natural Rubber Based Fuel Rich Propellant for Ramjet Rocket

Development of fuel rich propellants for air-breathing propulsion is one of the frontier areas of research. This carries less oxidiser than the normal propellants, uses ram air for complete combustion and is heavily metallised. Studies were conducted at VSSC for the development of hydroxyl-terminated natural rubber (HTNR)-based Mg and Mg-Al alloy-filled polyurethane systems. The HTNR prepolymer was modified to make it free of acid functionality so as to avoid reaction with the metals and was then reacted with calculated amount of propylene oxide in the presence of tertiary amine catalyst at room temperature. Various levels of Mg and Mg-Al alloy were used in different compositions and the effect on propellant characteristics was studied. TMP and butane diol were used for higher crosslinking, chain extension, etc and their effects were evaluated. Propellant compositions using 30-35 per cent by weight of Mg/Mg-Al alloy with the modified prepolymer have been developed. They exhibit good processibility and mechanical properties. The feasibility of room temperature curing was attempted. Motors weighing 2 kg with 100 mm OD and 200 mm length were successfully static-tested in the primary mode for performance evaluation.