Frontal Horn Cysts Research Articles

Connatal cyst in a 20 year old girl

Connatal cyst also known as frontal horn cysts, are cystic areas adjacent to the superolateral margins of the body and frontal horns of the lateral ventricles and are believed to represent a normal variant [1]. The other name is coarctation of the lateral ventricles or frontal horn cysts. Sometimes unilateral or bilateral, the incidence of this condition is between 0, 4 and 0, 9% [2]. Periventricular cysts are a common finding in neonatal cranial imaging. They are noted usually in antenatal period and typically disappear over the first year of the life [3]. The etiology has been debated varying from being a normal variant, to secondary to a viral infection, chromosomal anomaly, post-ischemic or hemorrhagic event [1,4]. They have been shown to regress on follow-up imaging when demonstrates in children under 2 months of age [3]. Our case demonstrates an exceptional situation of a persistent of the cyst in a 20-year-old -girl.

Cranial ultrasonographic screening findings among healthy neonates and their association with neurodevelopmental outcomes

To analyze the findings of cranial ultrasonographic screening in asymptomatic neonates and to assess the association between abnormal results and neurodevelopment. We retrospectively reviewed the cranial ultrasonographic screening results of healthy neonates born between 35 and 42 weeks gestation at our hospital from October 2011 to October 2018. In total, 11,681 neonates underwent cranial ultrasonographic screening during the study period, and 9666 (82.7%) had normal results. Of 2015 neonates with abnormal findings, 294 had more than two abnormalities. The most common minor findings were subependymal cysts (8.99%), choroid plexus cysts (2.43%), lenticulostriate vasculopathy (2.34%), frontal horn cysts (1.80%), and enlarged cisterna magna (1.04%). Then, 33 (0.28%) neonates had major abnormalities, including cerebral hemorrhage, periventricular heterotopia, focal cortical dysplasia, anomalies of the corpus callosum, and vascular malformation. Of 1334 neonates who underwent serial clinical evaluations, 76 (5.69%) had neurodevelopmental disorders, including developmental delay, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autistic spectrum disorder. The incidence rate of intracranial anomalies in healthy neonates was 17.3%, and about 5.69% had neurodevelopmental disorders. Cranial ultrasonographic screening has its own value in helping early detection of intracranial anomalies in healthy neonates, some of which have prognostic implications.

Multiple subependymal pseudocysts in neonates play a role in later attention deficit hyperactivity and autistic spectrum disorder

To assess the long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of normal-term neonates who were accidentally found to exhibit subependymal pseudocysts (SEPCs), frontal horn cysts, or choroid plexus cysts through cranial ultrasound (CUS) examination in a neonatal health examination. In total, 5569 neonates received CUS examination as an item in a health examination during the first week of birth between 2002 and 2012. Among them, 5147 infants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The participants were aged between 5 and 15yearsat the time when the data were collected. We retrospectively collected these data and interpreted their statistical significance by using one-way analysis of variance, Chi-square test with Yate's correction and odds ratios. The presence of SEPCs was significantly correlated with developmental delay and developmental disability, particularly with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). The risk of ADHD or ASD was significantly higher in participants with multiple SEPCs, among whom the odds ratios for ADHD and ASD were 6.50 (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.27-18.64) and 28.54 (95% CI=5.98-136.36), respectively, higher than those for the total study population. Our data revealed multiple SEPCs in normal-term neonates as a risk factor for neurobehavioral outcome, particularly in ADHD and ASD. Simultaneously, the utility of CUS examination as a health examination item for neonates was confirmed.

Frontal Horn Cystsの１例

We herein report a case of bilateral frontal horn cysts. The infant was delivered with a low birth weight (1,710g) at 31 weeks, 0 days by emergency Cesarean section. She was severely asphyxiated and exhibited respiratory distress syndrome. Surfactant was administered, and mechanical ventilation was required until 21 days of age. Brain computed tomography (CT) at 45 days of age revealed bilateral cysts adjacent to the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles. Her growth and development were normal. At 1 and a half- years of age, she underwent brain CT again and the above-mentioned cystic abnormality had disappeared. No dilatation or irregularity of the lateral ventricles was found. Normal development and transient abnormal cystic findings in brain CT suggested a diagnosis of frontal horn cysts. Frontal horn cysts should be considered as the causes of cystic lesions of the brain.

Newborn frontal horn cysts: cause for concern?

To document the incidence, natural history and compare neurodevelopmental outcome of newborns with and without frontal horn cysts (FHC). This was a case-control study. Newborns with and without FHC were identified and matched for demographics and worst cranial ultrasound scan (CUS) findings. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed at 18 to 24 months. A total of 30 FHC cases were identified from medical imaging database. Twenty-five cases occurred in preterm 32 weeks gestation with an incidence of 1% (25 of 2340). The diagnosis was made on the initial CUS in 28 cases. The cyst size and number varied from 1 to 18 mm and 1 to 6 respectively with no change noted on repeat CUS during hospital stay. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were not statistically significantly different between the groups. FHC are not uncommon in the newborn period. They appear to be benign with no impact on neurodevelopmental outcome. This information is vital for counseling parents of infants with FHC.

Outcomes of Preterm Neonates With Frontal Horn Cysts: A Retrospective Study

Isolated paraventricular frontal horn cysts are sometimes encountered on cranial ultrasound examinations of preterm neonates. The etiology and clinical significance of these lesions are unclear. The authors aimed to identify antenatal/intrapartum risk factors associated with the occurrence of these cysts and to assess developmental outcomes of preterm neonates with isolated frontal horn cysts. A retrospective cohort study with matched control design was used. A total of 28 cases were matched for gestation with 56 controls. No antenatal/intrapartum factors were associated with these cysts. At corrected age of 1 year, there was no difference in the mean general quotient between cases and controls (97.75 ± 17.28 vs 94.94 ± 9.86; P = .410). In all, 1 case and no controls had a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and 1 case and 3 controls had general quotients less than 80. The authors conclude that isolated paraventricular frontal horn cysts are benign, with no effect on neurodevelopment.

A case of placental chorioangiomatosis and frontal horn cystic lesions. Can frontal horn cysts be symptomatic?

Chorioangioma is a benign growth of the placenta. Diffuse placental chorioangioma is termed as chorioangiomatosis. We report a case of placental chorioangiomatosis with hydrops fetalis and frontal horn cystic lesions. Frontal horn cystic lesions are considered as benign lesions. Contrary to expectations, this neonate with frontal horn cysts developed seizures at 2 months of age.

Frontal Horn Cysts in Normal Neonates

Among 3545 term or near term healthy neonates who underwent cranial ultrasound over a 2-year 5-month period at Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, 18 (0.5%) were diagnosed with frontal horn cysts (FHCs).

Frontal horn cysts in normal neonates

Frontal horn cysts (FHCs) are elliptical, smooth, thin-walled cysts adjacent to the tip of the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles. Among 3545 terms or near term healthy babies who underwent cranial ultrasound examination in our hospital over a 2-year 5-month period, 18 were found to have FHCs (17 typical and one atypical; seven bilateral and 11 unilateral, of which seven were on the left and four on the right). The female to male ratio was 2:1. The incidence of FHCs in normal term babies was thus 0.5%. Six children had resolution of the cyst within 1 month, and 6 more had resolution on repeat scan from 2 to 11 months of age. Four children did not have subsequent ultrasonography to document resolution, but they had normal growth and development. Two were lost to follow up. The infant with an atypical FHC had an enlarged left frontal horn cyst with a midline shift on follow up, but he had normal development. Our study suggests that FHC may be a normal physiologic variant or a benign pathologic condition that can be expected to resolve spontaneously within a few months. It is reasonable to follow typical FHC by cranial ultrasound examinations at 1 or 2 and 6 months of age. In the case of an atypical cyst, more frequent follow up and further image studies like CT or MRI are necessary.

Frontal horn thin walled cysts in preterm neonates are benign

BACKGROUNDScreening cranial ultrasound led to the discovery of isolated frontal horn cysts quite distinct from periventricular leucomalacia cysts.AIMTo clarify their significance, incidence, characteristics, causal factors or aetiology, and effect on...