Front Psychol Research Articles

From curiosity to wonder in religious education

This study argues that religious education is uniquely positioned to resist and transcend contemporary dialectics of wonder that serve to diminish, commodify, or instrumentalize the place of wonder in society today. Wonder is traditionally characterized by a sense of importance that accompanies our encounters with mystery. In a world less comfortable with interiority and less willing to accept the sense of ignorance true wonder presupposes, the contemplative element of wonder has largely evaporated, to be replaced by a more fleeting (Schinkel in Stud Philos Educ 39(5):479–492, 2019, 481) and less challenging ‘curiosity’. Curiosity favours mastery over mystery; it elides the puzzlement or contemplation inherent in traditional understandings of wonder. In pedagogical settings, curiosity is increasingly advanced at a catalyst that motivates and directs the inquiry of the learner. However, educational literature continues to note a worrying absence of any kind of wonder in classrooms today (Jirout et al. in Front Psychol 13:875161, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.875161). This study will suggest that the advancement of wonder as curiosity in education only reinforces the very sense of apathy it is designed to counteract in its students. If wonder is recast as curiosity—a ‘skill’ that leads reliably to the ‘right answer’—students will inevitably find quicker, more efficient means to arrive at the required information. Religious education is uniquely equipped to supplement inquisitive curiosity with a more contemplative wonder that eschews easy answers. In doing so, it would equip students to grapple with what modern society has become so adept at evading: the “stubborn there-ness” (Arendt in Medina J, Wood D (eds) Truth: engagements across philosophical traditions. Blackwell Publishing, London, 2005, p. 310) of mystery that characterizes the most meaningful questions of our existence.

Effectiveness of a positive psychology and mindfulness-based app on mental health for parents of children with a neurodevelopmental disorder: study protocol of a pragmatic international randomized controlled trial

IntroductionParents of children with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) experience more stress than parents of typically developing children. In a cocreation process with experts and parents, a low-threshold application that uses exercises based on the principles of positive psychology and mindfulness was developed. This application, called “Adappt,” aims at enhancing the ability to adapt of the parents and caregivers of children with NDDs and at supporting their mental health. This protocol describes the evaluation study of the effectiveness of Adappt, its core working mechanisms and user experiences.MethodA pragmatic international multicenter randomized controlled trial will compare the effectiveness of Adappt with a (delayed) waitlist control condition. At least 212 parents or primary caregivers of children younger than 18 years diagnosed with or suspected of a NDD will be randomly assigned to the intervention or waitlist control condition. Participants are excluded if they have severe anxiety or depression levels or are in treatment for mental health issues. Measures will be collected online at baseline, post-intervention (1 month after baseline), and 4 and 7 months after baseline. The primary outcome is the improvement in generic sense of ability to adapt as measured with the Generic Sense of Ability to Adapt Scale (GSAAS; (Front Psychol 14:985408, 2023)) at 4-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes are mental well-being, (parental) distress, and client satisfaction with “Adappt.”DiscussionResults of this study will contribute to knowledge on the effectiveness of a low-threshold application for parents of children with a NDD in multiple countries. If the application is found to be effective in improving mental health, recommendations will be made for implementation in health care.Trial registrationThis study is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06248762) on February 8, 2024, and the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/5znqv).

Virtual reality games for cognitive rehabilitation of older adults: a review of adaptive games, domains and techniques

In recent decades, the senior adults population worldwide has increased, as well as the medical conditions related to aging, such as cognitive decline. Virtual reality (VR) games are a valuable addition to conventional cognitive rehabilitation as they increase engagement to the therapy through customization, socialization, immersion, and feedback. This review, performed according to PRISMA protocol, addresses the following questions: How VR games have been used for cognitive rehabilitation?, What cognitive domains have been addressed by VR games and in which populations have these games been used?, Which features have been considered to improve engagement in VR games for cognitive rehabilitation?, How is the difficulty adjustment of exercises carried out in VR games for cognitive rehabilitation?. We found 25 scientific works related to these questions, 92% of them treating one cognitive domain at a time, despite the fact that the related literature recognizes the value of training multiple domains simultaneously. Our review indicates that, despite the existence of serious VR games for working memory training, such as those described in Flak et al. (Front Psychol 10:807, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00807), to our knowledge, there are no applications that simultaneously address multiple cognitive domains and incorporate dynamic difficulty adjustment, which are important to ensure ecological validity of therapy and therapy adherence, respectively. In addition, we found that games themselves could be used to monitor the user’s progression. It is also important to determine the impact of multiplayer interactions in the game, test difficulty adjustment approaches that use physiological variables, and define difficulty-skill relationships aligned with the user’s preferences. This paper concludes that the main barriers to implement dynamic difficulty adjustment in VR games for cognitive rehabilitation are: (i) the absence of metrics to estimate when the game offers to the players a challenge adapted their skills, and (ii) the lack of a conceptual framework that integrates relevant theories such as state of flow, cognitive load, cognitive rehabilitation, and feedback systems.

The Role of Animacy in Turkish Relative Clause Production and Distribution.

Relative clause (RC) production has been a major tool used for understanding language production mechanism in experimental linguistics. The present study analyzes language production mechanisms in Turkish by utilizing animacy effect on RC production. A picture description task was applied to two participant groups. The data were combined and analyzed to see how animacy influenced RC formation. The outcomes were also compared to the distributions of RC use in corpus data. Both participant and corpus data demonstrated significant level of passivization for RCs with animate heads, strongly affirming the grammatical function assignment proposal by Bock and Warren (Cognition 21(1):47-67, 1985) as well as the premise of Production-Distribution-Comprehension account (MacDonald in Front Psychol 4:226, 2013), emphasizing the relationship between language production mechanisms and typology. However, the corpus data were observed to have higher numbers of passivization with animate condition. Accordingly, a coarse comparison of the participant RC production proportions in the current study with some other crosslinguistic research suggests that some language-specific or discourse-related interventions can also compete with the animacy accessibility during the sentence planning procedure, which needs an extra inquiry especially in Turkish language.

What Is Rejection? Lexical, Experimental, and Analytical Specificity Is Needed to Drive Developmental Psychopathology Research Forward

There is increasing urgency in the quest to identify prospective risk factors for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), driven by a growing teen mental health crisis. NSSI, which involves deliberately harming one’s physical body without suicidal intent, increases rapidly in early to middle adolescence and is a risk factor for suicidality and other mental illness ( 1 Nock M.K. Joiner Jr., T.E. Gordon K.H. Lloyd-Richardson E. Prinstein M.J. Non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: Diagnostic correlates and relation to suicide attempts. Psychiatry Res. 2006; 144: 65-72 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1014) Google Scholar ). Accumulating research highlights social (e.g., rejection, poor relationships, low support) and affective (e.g., reactivity, lability, dysregulation) risk mechanisms, among others ( 2 Cipriano A. Cella S. Cotrufo P. Nonsuicidal self-injury: A systematic review. Front Psychol. 2017; 8: 1946 Crossref PubMed Scopus (224) Google Scholar ). However, social and affective risk mechanisms can be linked and may interact to confer risk for NSSI as well as mental illness more broadly ( 3 Hsu D.T. Jarcho J.M. Next up for psychiatry: Rejection sensitivity and the social brain. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2021; 46: 239-240 Crossref Scopus (8) Google Scholar ). This is particularly relevant in adolescence, a time of rapid brain development and increases in both mental health struggles and reliance on peer affiliation ( 4 Guyer A.E. Adolescent psychopathology: The role of brain-based diatheses, sensitivities, and susceptibilities. Child Dev Perspect. 2020; 14: 104-109 Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar ). Despite the recognition that social difficulties are a common correlate of mental illness, few studies integrate robust measures of real-world peer experience within a neuroscience framework to prospectively predict the emergence of adolescent mental health struggles. Understanding whether neural diatheses confer increased vulnerability to specific stressful peer experiences in adolescence is a critical open question—interventions designed to target neural diatheses or to promote specific types of peer experiences may be critical for prevention efforts in the future ( 4 Guyer A.E. Adolescent psychopathology: The role of brain-based diatheses, sensitivities, and susceptibilities. Child Dev Perspect. 2020; 14: 104-109 Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar ). SEE CORRESPONDING ARTICLE ON PAGE 40 SEE CORRESPONDING ARTICLE ON PAGE 40 Neural Reactivity to Social Punishment Predicts Future Engagement in Nonsuicidal Self-injury Among Peer-Rejected AdolescentsBiological PsychiatryVol. 94Issue 1PreviewRates of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) increase dramatically in adolescence. Affective reactivity and adverse social experiences have been linked to NSSI, but less is known about whether these factors may separately or interactively predict NSSI, especially longitudinally. This study combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and a sociometric measure to test whether a combination of neural (e.g., amygdala) reactivity to social punishment and peer-nominated peer acceptance/rejection predicts NSSI longitudinally in adolescence. Full-Text PDF

No Adjective Ordering Preferences in Jordanian Arabic Grammar.

This article offers evidence, which is based on acceptability judgement tasks, in favour of the absence of unmarked linear serializations of stacked, non-coordinated adjectives in Jordanian Arabic (JA). Results from 16 experiments of acceptability judgements from 197 native speakers of JA point to the fact that JA places no adjective ordering. However, two factors are found to be significant. The first factor pertains to the number of stacked, non-coordinated adjectives. All possible word order patterns of different stacked adjectives are (fully) acceptable with two stacked adjectives. However, constructions with three or more stacked adjectives are significantly degraded. This is universally held, regardless of the type of the stacked adjectives (size, color, shape, etc.). We ascribe this to the third-factor effects (Chomsky in Linguist Inq 36(1):1-22, 2005) (particularly with reference to working memory and processing load) in restricting the possible number of adjectives in a given construction. A second factor relates to the syntactic position of the adjectives (attributive vs. predicative). The results reveal that attributive adjectives are significantly more acceptable than predicative adjectives (which can also be freely stacked in JA). This is also attributed to the effects of these factors favoring minimal computations. We follow O'Grady (Front Psychol 12:660296, 2021) in that the processing of across-clausal phenomena (as is the case with predicative adjectives) is more demanding than intra-clausal ones (as is the case with attributive adjectives).

Immersive virtual reality to promote leadership among health professions students

Leadership has been widely recognized as contributing to the delivery of high-quality healthcare. 1 Chamunyonga C. Edwards C. Caldwell P.J. Rutledge P. Burbery J. Advancing leadership in medical radiation sciences: incorporating systematic leadership education in pre-registration curricula. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci. 2021; 52: 499-504https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2021.09.014 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (2) Google Scholar , 2 Chamunyonga C. Edwards C. Caldwell P.J. Rutledge P. Burbery J. Leadership in the radiation therapy profession: the importance of understanding the potential benefits and theoretical perspectives. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci. 2020; 51: 535-539https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2020.09.008 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (4) Google Scholar , 3 Scammell J.M.E. Apostolo J.L.A. Bianchi M. et al. Learning to lead: a scoping review of undergraduate nurse education. J Nurs Manag. 2020; 28: 756-765https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12951 Crossref PubMed Scopus (14) Google Scholar Leadership is an important aspect of practice, essential across all health professions including but not limited to medicine, nursing, radiation sciences and allied health. 1 Chamunyonga C. Edwards C. Caldwell P.J. Rutledge P. Burbery J. Advancing leadership in medical radiation sciences: incorporating systematic leadership education in pre-registration curricula. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci. 2021; 52: 499-504https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2021.09.014 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (2) Google Scholar ,4 Hudson D. Reflections on leadership in advanced and consultant radiographic practice within the UK. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci. 2021; 52: 164-171https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2021.02.003 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (8) Google Scholar While leadership is often associated with formal leadership roles and positions (e.g., directors and managers), leadership skills are equally important for point of care providers. 2 Chamunyonga C. Edwards C. Caldwell P.J. Rutledge P. Burbery J. Leadership in the radiation therapy profession: the importance of understanding the potential benefits and theoretical perspectives. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci. 2020; 51: 535-539https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2020.09.008 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (4) Google Scholar ,5 Scully N.J. Leadership in nursing: the importance of recognising inherent values and attributes to secure a positive future for the profession. Collegian. 2015; 22: 439-444https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2014.09.004 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (44) Google Scholar ,6 Alcañiz M. Parra E. Chicchi Giglioli I.A. Virtual reality as an emerging methodology for leadership assessment and training. Front Psychol. 2018; 9: 1658https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01658 Crossref Scopus (22) Google Scholar

The organization of individually mapped structural and functional semantic networks in aging adults.

Language function in the brain, once thought to be highly localized, is now appreciated as relying on a connected but distributed network. The semantic system is of particular interest in the language domain because of its hypothesized integration of information across multiple cortical regions. Previous work in healthy individuals has focused on group-level functional connectivity (FC) analyses of the semantic system, which may obscure interindividual differences driving variance in performance. These studies also overlook the contributions of white matter networks to semantic function. Here, we identified semantic network nodes at the individual level with a semantic decision fMRI task in 53 typically aging adults, characterized network organization using structural connectivity (SC), and quantified the segregation and integration of the network using FC. Hub regions were identified in left inferior frontal gyrus. The individualized semantic network was composed of three interacting modules: (1) default-mode module characterized by bilateral medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate regions and also including right-hemisphere homotopes of language regions; (2) left frontal module extending dorsally from inferior frontal gyrus to pre-motor area; and (3) left temporoparietal module extending from temporal pole to inferior parietal lobule. FC within Module3 and integration of the entire network related to a semantic verbal fluency task, but not a matched phonological task. These results support and extend the tri-network semantic model (Xu in Front Psychol 8: 1538 1538, 2017) and the controlled semantic cognition model (Chiou in Cortex 103: 100 116, 2018) of semantic function.

Stressful Factors, Experiences of Compassion Fatigue and Self-care Strategies in Police Officers.

Police officers routinely face stressful and possibly traumatic events in their work which may result in them experiencing compassion fatigue. The aim of this study was to explore compassion fatigue experiences in police officers, along with the stressful factors that may lead to compassion fatigue and the coping strategies they use in combating compassion fatigue. The convenience sample of 41 police officers was recruited via social media focused on police work. Data were collected using an online battery of questionnaires with open-ended questions prompting them to share their experiences of compassion fatigue, stress factors and self-care strategies. The data were analysed using deductive (theoretical) thematic analysis. After identifying recurring statements, statements were coded using pre-existing individual codes, and each statement was categorized into the emerging domains, subdomains, categories and subcategories. The results described the stressful factors and experiences of compassion fatigue as well as coping strategies in the 7 domains described by Figley in Front Psychol 9:2793, 2002b: emotional, behavioural, personal relations, somatic, spiritual, cognitive and work performance.

The Socialisation of Athlete Irrational Beliefs

According to Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), humans have a strong biological tendency to adopt self-defeating irrational beliefs which are subsequently driven by the socio-cultural environment one lives in Ellis (J Individ Psychol 32:145–168, 1976). Sport of all levels presents a unique environment which may serve to explain sport-related irrationalities harboured by athletes given that sport seems to endorse irrationality evident by the language used by key personnel and outlets (e.g., coaches and the media; (Turner in Front Psychol 7(9):1–16, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01423). An athlete’s beliefs and philosophies are shaped by a myriad of people within and outside of sport with whom they look to for guidance, such as coaches, medical professionals, parents, and the media. These key social agents within an athlete’s micro- and macro-environment harbour and model irrationality through their behaviour, language and processes. These irrationalities may then be internalized, giving rise to the development and maintenance of irrational beliefs in athletes. Research has consistently demonstrated the association between irrational beliefs and deleterious mental health outcomes in athletes, such as psychological distress (e.g., Turner in Bernard and Dryden (eds.) REBT: advances in theory, research, prevention, promotion, Springer Press, pp. 307–335, 2019). Therefore, the aim of our commentary is twofold: (1) to critically explore how key stakeholders within an athlete’s micro- and macro- environment contribute to the development, maintenance, and strengthening of irrational beliefs in athletes and, (2) to provide guidance to key stakeholders on weakening irrational beliefs and strengthening rational beliefs, thereby promoting a healthy and successful sport environment and positive mental health outcomes in athletes.

Firearms, Physicians, Families, and Kids: Finding Words that Work

Firearms, Physicians, Families, and Kids: Finding Words that Work

Team dynamics and redundancy in the presence of individual fatigue: a conceptual framework

Introduction: Astronauts are exposed to a host of stressors that can affect their performance. Non-invasive and continuous monitoring of crew task performance as they work can identify performance decrements early so that countermeasures may be deployed in time- and safety-critical operations. A variety of non-invasive methods have been investigated, including for soldiers and officers in the field1. These performance detectors must be valid, reliable and detect subtle performance change. Here we provide a methodology for how to determine an optimal set of non-invasive performance measures that are cost-effective, specific for the population of interest and will lead to desired performance outcomes. Using astronauts as an example, we will provide a step-by-step approach to identify pragmatic performance metrics. Method & results: Fig. 1 presents the proposed process. First, define what you mean by performance by identifying critical tasks and skills in the target population. This is typically already done for training and procedures development. Next, identify the specific stressors your population will be exposed to; for astronauts this includes microgravity, high workload, fatigue, g forces, vision changes, isolation, atmospheric toxins, communication delay, etc. How performance may be compromised with exposure to each stressor alone and in concert is then determined2,3. The stressors leading to specific performance declines can define which non-invasive performance indicators to focus on. However, this relationship must either be confirmed or established. It is crucial that the cognitive tasks selected match operational task demands. It is likely that a combination of measures will be needed. Finally, degraded performance on the non-invasive measure can be used to make design decisions and to determine effective countermeasures. Discussions/conclusions: Safety critical operations cannot pause for a readiness-to-perform test to be administered. Many studies have explored methods for detecting and monitoring performance decrements. However, poor transferability of these methods from simulation to the field suggests that either different cognitive processes are being assessed or that the complexity of operations have not been captured. The dependent measures must align with the specific operational issues. We provide a methodology for identifying valid, non-invasive performance measures for the prediction of real-world task performance decline so that useful countermeasures may be proactively provided. References 1Vine CAJ, Myers SD, Coakley SL, et al. Transferability of military-specific cognitive research to military training and operations. Front Psychol 2021; 12:386-394. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.604803 2Beard BL. Characterization of how CO2 level may impact crew performance related to the HSIA risk. NASA Technical Memorandum 20205011433. 2020; 1-54. Available at: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205011433 accessed 31 Aug 2021. 3Beard BL. Characterization of international space station crew members’ workload contributing to fatigue, sleep disruption and circadian de-synchronization. NASA Technical Memorandum 20205006969. 2020; 1-46. Available at: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205006969 accessed 31 Aug 2021.

Structural Racism

Structural Racism

Atopic dermatitis and the risk of eating disorders: A population-based cohort study

Atopic dermatitis and the risk of eating disorders: A population-based cohort study

We are not out of the woods yet.

British Journal of Community NursingVol. 26, No. 9 While's WordsWe are not out of the woods yetAlison WhileAlison WhileEmeritus Professor of Community Nursing, King's College London, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care; Fellow, Queen's Nursing InstituteSearch for more papers by this authorAlison WhilePublished Online:2 Sep 2021https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2021.26.9.466AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View article References Academy of Medical Sciences. COVID-19: preparing for the future. Looking ahead to winter 2021/22 and beyond. 2021. https://tinyurl.com/yp83vf5a (accessed 5 August 2021) Google ScholarCoelho CM, Suttiwan P, Arato N, Zsido AN. On the nature of fear and anxiety triggered by COVID-19. Front Psychol. 2020; 11:581314. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.581314 Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarLadds E, Rushforth A, Wieringa S et al. Persistent symptoms after Covid-19: qualitative study of 114 “long Covid” patients and draft quality principles for services. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020; 20:1144. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-06001-y Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarNational Institute for Health and Care Excellence. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19. NG188. 2020. https://tinyurl.com/33dm7ddp (accessed 5 August 2021) Google ScholarPublic Health England. Making every contact count (MECC): consensus statement. 2016. https://tinyurl.com/jvhye6pc (accessed 5 August 2021) Google ScholarWhile A. Understanding vaccine hesitancy: the evidence. Br J Community Nurs. 2021a; 26(6):278–282. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2021.26.6.278 Link, Google ScholarWhile A. Evidence-based strategies to promote vaccine acceptance. Br J Community Nurs. 2021b; 26(7): 338–343. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2021.26.7.338 Google Scholar FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2 September 2021Volume 26Issue 9ISSN (print): 1462-4753ISSN (online): 2052-2215 Metrics History Published online 2 September 2021 Published in print 2 September 2021 Information© MA Healthcare LimitedPDF download

Navigating work and post-traumatic stress disorder

British Journal of Healthcare AssistantsVol. 15, No. 8 ProfessionalNavigating work and post-traumatic stress disorderDominic KenyonDominic KenyonRegistered Nursing AssociateSearch for more papers by this authorDominic KenyonPublished Online:11 Sep 2021https://doi.org/10.12968/bjha.2021.15.8.398AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View article References Bowirrat A, Chen TJH, Blum K et al. Neuro-psychopharmacogenetics and neurological antecedents of posttraumatic stress disorder: unlocking the mysteries of resilience and vulnerability. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2010 Dec;8(4):335–358. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/157015910793358123 Crossref, Google ScholarBrewin CR. Re-experiencing traumatic events in PTSD: new avenues in research on intrusive memories and flashbacks. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2015 May 19;6:27180. doi: https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v6.27180. eCollection 2015 Crossref, Google ScholarCloitre M, Garvert DW, Weiss B, Carlson EB and Bryant RA. Distinguishing PTSD, complex PTSD and borderline personality disorder: a latent class analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2014 Sep 15;5. doi: https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25097. eCollection 2014. Google ScholarGold JA. COVID-19: adverse mental health outcomes for healthcare workers. BMJ. 2020 May 5;369:m1815. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1815 Crossref, Google ScholarHabukawa M, Uchimura N, Maeda M et al. Differences in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep abnormalities between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder patients: REM interruption correlated with nightmare complaints in PTSD. Sleep Med. 2018 Mar;43:34–39. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2017.10.012. Epub 2017 Nov 23 Crossref, Google ScholarLai J, Ma S, Wang Y et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Mar 2;3(3):e203976. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976 Crossref, Google ScholarLee D. The hidden cost or workplace trauma: human nature at work. 1996. https://humannatureatwork.com/article/the-hidden-cost-of-workplace-trauma (accessed 20 August 2021) Google ScholarMalcolm-Smith S, Koopowitz S, Pantelis E, Solms M. Approach/avoidance in dreams. Consciousness and cognition. Conscious Cogn. 2012 Mar;21(1):408–412 Google ScholarMIND. Mental health facts and statistics. 2020. https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-problems/statistics-and-facts-about-mental-health/how-common-are-mental-health-problems/ (accessed 20 August 2021) Google ScholarNHS. Overview—post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 2018. https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/overview/ (accessed 20 August 2021) Google ScholarNewman C, Roche M, Elliott D. Exposure to workplace trauma for forensic mental health nurses: a scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021 May;117:103897. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103897. Epub 2021 Feb 4 Crossref, Google ScholarPTSDUK. Post-traumatic stress disorder explained. 2021. https://www.ptsduk.org/what-is-ptsd/ptsd-explained/ (accessed 20 August 2021) Google ScholarRibeiro-Nelson C. Managing traumatic events in the workplace. 2018. UK-EAPA-Factsheet-Managing-traumatic-events-in-the-workplace-January-2018.pdf9 (accessed 20 August 2021) Google ScholarRitchie H, Roser M. Mental health. 2018. https://ourworldindata.org/mental-health (accessed 20 August 2021) Google ScholarRossi R, Socci V, Pacitti F et al. Mental health outcomes among healthcare workers and the general population during the COVID-19 in Italy. Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 8;11:608986. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.608986. eCollection 2020 Crossref, Google ScholarSellbom M, Bagby RM. Identifying PTSD personality subtypes in a workplace trauma sample. J Trauma Stress. 2009 Oct;22(5):471–475. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20452 Crossref, Google ScholarSleep Foundation. How trauma can affect dreams: how to cope. 2020. https://www.sleepfoundation.org/dreams/how-trauma-can-affect-dreams (accessed 20 August 2021) Google ScholarTull M. Recognising hyperarousal symptoms in PTSD—a heightened state of anxiety after extreme trauma. 2020. https://www.verywellmind.com/hyperarousal-2797362 (accessed 20 August 2021) Google ScholarWorld Health Organization. Depression. 2020. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression (accessed 20 August 2021) Google Scholar FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2 September 2021Volume 15Issue 8ISSN (print): 1753-1586ISSN (online): 2052-4420 Metrics History Published online 11 September 2021 Published in print 2 September 2021 Information© MA Healthcare LimitedPDF download

Systematic review of declarative tactical knowledge evaluation tools based on game-play scenarios in soccer

In the last two decades, the analysis of tactical knowledge has become a research channel of increasing interest, contributing to the development of ad-hoc tools to carry out this task. The aim of this study is to collect evaluation tools which allow to measure the declarative tactical knowledge (DTK) in soccer. Five databases (Web of Sciences, Pub Med, SportDiscus, Psycinfo and Eric) were used for the literature search based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, according to five inclusion/exclusion criteria: (i) tools that determinate DTK in soccer players, (ii) come from primary sources, that is, published for the first time, (iii) show game-play scenarios in video sequences or static images via questionnaires, (iv) have been submitted to a process of validity and reliability, (v) and avoid the use of verbal language. Nine tools were selected and analyzed in this systematic review: Soccer decision-making tests (McMorris, in Percept Mot Ski 85(2):467, 1997), Protocol for the evaluation of declarative tactical knowledge (Mangas, in Conhecimento declarativo no futebol: Estudo comparativo em praticantes federados e não-federados, do escalão de sub-14, Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, 1999), Questionnaire for the evaluation of tactical comprehension applied to football—CECTAF—(De la Vega, in Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte, 2002. https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/handle/10486/1723/11535_vega_marcos_ricardodela.pdf?sequence=1), Decision making instrument for Soccer (Fontana, in The development of a decision making instrument for soccer, Master’s degree dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 2004. http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/10124/), Game Understanding Test (Blomqvist et al., in Phys Educ Sport Pedagogy 10(2):107–119, 2005), Offensive Football Tactical Knowledge Test—TCTOF—(Serra-Olivares and García-López, in Revista Internacional De Medicina y Ciencias De La Actividad Física y Del Deporte 16(63):521–536, 2016. https://doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2016.63.008), Video-based decision-making test (Keller et al., in Int J Sports Sci Coach 13(6):1057–1066, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954118760778), Decision-Making form IOS application (Bennett et al., in J Sci Med Sport 22(6):729–734, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.12.011) and TacticUP video test for soccer (Machado and Teoldo, in Front Psychol, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01690). Most of the tools did not pass many of the criteria proposed to assess their quality. Fundamentally, it can be concluded that few tools show specific tactical scores based on game principles or subroles that allow identifying possible points of improvement in the knowledge that players have on specific aspects of the game. For this reason, and based on the other findings found in this review, future studies should consider: (i) the importance of designing tools that reflect scores based on tactical principles and game subroles; (ii) the advantages and disadvantages of designing tools based on static images or video sequences; (iii) the need to design tools that can access the DTK of young children; (iv) the requirement to design tools that present game-play scenarios in the first person; (v) the essentiality of facing the tools designed to rigorous processes of validity and reliability.

Postural correlates of painful stimuli exposure: impact of mental simulation processes and pain-level of the stimuli.

Previous studies have reported (i) freezing-like posturographic correlates in response to painful as compared to non-painful scenes vision (Lelard et al., Front Hum Neurosci 7:4, 2013) and (ii) an increase of this response during the mental simulation as compared to the passive viewing of the painful scenes (Lelard et al., Front Psychol 8:2012, 2017). The main objective of the present study was to explore the modulation of posturographic correlates of painful scenes vision by the level of depicted pain and the influence of mental simulation on this modulation. Thirty-six participants (36.3 ± 11.4years old) were included in this study. During the experiment, participants had to stand on a posturographic platform. Three types of static visual stimuli were randomly depicting different pain-level situations: no-pain, low-pain, high-pain. In a first run, participants watched these stimuli passively (passive condition); in a second run, they were asked to "imagine that they were personally experiencing the situations they were about to see" (mental simulation condition). For each picture, subjective ratings were recorded for displeasure and desire to avoid at the end of the posturographic session. Results support an approach-type behavior in response to high-pain stimuli in the passive condition which becomes a withdrawal-type behavior in the mental simulation condition. Moreover, this withdrawal-type behavior is modulated by the level of depicted pain and this modulation does not appear for the subjective data. As a conclusion, these results are in accordance with those of previous studies showing the modulation of posturographic correlates of pain perception by mental simulation and report, for the first time, modulation of this effect by the level of depicted pain. The dichotomy of this modulatory effect between subjective and objective data is discussed as well as the finding of an approach-type behavior towards painful stimuli when passively viewing them becoming a withdrawal-type behavior when mental simulation is applied to the same stimuli.

Positive Personality Traits as Predictors of Psychotherapy Progress

The objectives of this paper were to study if the traits of the Positive Personality Model (PPM; de la Iglesia and Castro Solano, in Front Psychol 9:2025, 2018) were stable throughout time, if patients perceived change in psychotherapy process, and if positive traits at the beginning of the treatment (Time 1) predicted psychotherapy progress after 3 (Time 2) and 6 (Time 3) months of psychological treatment. The sample was composed of 38 subjects, with a mean age of 38.82 (SD = 12.76; 63.2% female; 36.8% male), who had just initiated psychotherapy treatment (Time 1). Results of a repeated measures ANOVA indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the positive traits within the three moments that were measured. On the contrary, the level of perceived (lack of) psychotherapy progress diminished significantly in each assessment. Since the measure is reversed, this indicates an increment in the self-perception of the patients regarding the progress in psychotherapy. Moreover, a model in which the positive traits in Time 1 were predictors of psychotherapy progress in Time 2 and in Time 3 resulted statistically significant. Of all the positive traits, sprightliness was the only significant predictor. It is concluded that positive traits are characterized by stability throughout time and that, once again, sprightliness stands out as the main predictor of desirable outcomes.

The sequel to COVID-19: the antithesis to life

The sequel to COVID-19: the antithesis to life