From Focus Group Discussions Research Articles

Improving halalness and food safety management systems in the Indonesian broiler supply chain: an interpretive structural modeling and Bayesian network approach

Purpose By exploring the halalness and food safety risks from the perspective of technology and the relationship among them, this study aims to make quantitative predictions of such risks in the broiler supply chain to determine the critical control points (CCPs) in Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). Design/methodology/approach This study integrates Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and Bayesian Network (BN) to achieve the objectives. Data were collected from focus group discussions (FGDs) with experts and direct observations at the broiler supply chain. Findings This paper identified 19 risks in the Indonesian broiler supply chain. The risk for halalness and food safety reached 30.92%, indicating that assuring halalness and food safety remains improbable or unlikely. The two CCPs of halalness and food safety are the knife’s sharpness and the vehicle’s storage temperature. Research limitations/implications This study quantifies the halalness and food safety risks in the Indonesian broiler supply chain, but it only involves one step forward and one step backward in the slaughterhouse’s chain. Practical implications The findings can provide insights for stakeholders, such as business owners, employees, management system auditors and consumers, regarding the critical control points of halalness and food safety in the broiler supply chain to improve the halalness and food safety management systems. Originality/value This study’s novelty lies in the examination of halalness and food safety risks using a risk prediction model to determine CCPs for the HACCP plan in the broiler supply chain in Indonesia.

M-Poma: Innovative Technology for Boosting Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices

Background: The Indonesian Health Survey data indicates that exclusive breastfeeding coverage is projected to reach 55.5% in 2023, with Aceh showing a lower rate of 49.9%. In Aceh Besar, the coverage was reported at 55.9% in 2022. Notably, women from low-income backgrounds are less likely to engage in breastfeeding practices by the second day postpartum compared to their higher-income counterparts. To address this disparity, the use of smartphone applications offering educational videos about breastfeeding and infant behavior has emerged as a preferred method, particularly among low-income mothers. Objective: This study aims to develop a mobile application called “POMA” (M-POMA) to enhance exclusive breastfeeding practices among infants in the Kuta Baro District of Aceh Besar. Methodology: A Research and Development (R&D) approach was employed to create the Android-based M-Poma application. The development process spanned two years: the first year focused on application design and functionality, while the second year involved training sessions for 25 midwives and 25 community health cadres. These training sessions were critical for testing the application and gathering user feedback. Results: Based on the first year of research, the M Poma application was developed through a collaborative process, including FGDs and in-depth interviews, to ensure the application meets the needs of the community. Year 2 training was conducted for cadres and midwives to provide their valuable input on the application. The M-Poma application has been developed to support exclusive breastfeeding, which is essential for improving infant health. Feedback from Focus Group Discussions (FGD) highlighted the need for content on exclusive breastfeeding, user profiles, and case examples. Training sessions with midwives and community health cadres confirmed that the application is user-friendly, featuring an attractive interface and clear educational materials. Respondents emphasized the importance of a simple login process, engaging visuals, and easily accessible content. The majority of participants found the application’s features intuitive and appreciated the ease of data management within user profiles. Conclusion: While the M-POMA application has made considerable strides, there are still areas that require revision. We highly value the feedback provided by users and remain dedicated to enhancing the application to ensure it is both appealing and efficient.

Transforming landscapes: Decoding the impact of universities on urbanization using advanced modeling and perception analysis.

Universities play a crucial role in urban economic and structural development. The government of Bangladesh has undertaken the initiative to establish a public university in each of the 64 districts. These newly founded universities have the potential to impact urban growth significantly. We aimed to project university-induced urban expansion to address this knowledge gap and identify the mechanisms driving urban growth. The classification of supervised and unsupervised methods was employed to analyze urban development for the years 2000, 2010, 2016, and 2022. We used the Cellular Automata and Markov Chain approach to forecast future urban growth and land transition capacity. Additionally, the driving factors and selection of the study area were derived from Focus Group Discussions (FGD), Key Informant Interviews (KII), Probit Model, and Perception Index (PI). The findings of this study reveal a 1.6% urban growth rate within ten years of the establishment of the university, while urban expansion accelerated to 29.78% after ten years. The predictions also indicate a sustained urban growth rate of 4.7% by 2042. Furthermore, the PI index demonstrates that the establishment of the university has resulted in high demand for rental housing, serving as one of the primary drivers of urban expansion. Moreover, the Probit model highlights strong economic capability, proximity to the town, railway station, hospital, and easy access to credit as vital facilitators behind the drivers of urban expansion. Policymakers, the scientific community, and urban planners can benefit from this study in pursuing sustainable city development through university establishment.

Grounded Theory on Creating and Maintaining Adult Education Programs in Selected Higher Education Institutions in the Philippines

<p style="text-align:justify">This study is an attempt to develop a grounded theory on how adult education in higher education (AEHE hereafter) programs in the Philippines are created and maintained. The grounded theory illustrates the interrelation of factors that stimulate or serve as the drivers of AEHE in higher education institutions in the Philippines as well as the management and maintenance of AEHE at the operational and strategic levels, hence illustrating the bigger picture of adult education in higher education in the Philippines. Funded by the Commission on Higher Education (CHEd) of the Philippines, this study was part of a larger research project that investigated adult education in Philippine higher education institutions, that is, State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) and Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs). The data were derived from focus group discussions (FGD) with 43 participants from eight SUCs and nine private HEIs that have adult education programs that are regularly offered every academic year. The grounded theory drawn from the study pointed to the contextual – personal and institutional – factors, strategic and operational levels of management as well as the critical role of academic policy for the implementation and maintenance of AEHE programs, collaboration, and a compelling vision to ensure that adult education in higher education in the Philippines is prioritized in the country with involvement of relevant government agencies that will draw definite agendas and priorities to attain the goals of AEHE through a structure and management to carry out its functions and realize its compelling objective of creating a cadre of AEHE educators and specialists and adults suited for the demands of a knowledge-driven economy.</p>

Evaluation of Student Expectations and Clinical Competence Skills Performance during Surgery Clerkship Programme: A Comprehensive Study

The existence of a good clerkship system and quality lecturers will undoubtedly enhance the medical students’ knowledge and skills that align with their competencies. This study aimed to evaluate the achievement of surgical competence based on the expectations of students following clinical clerkships in a surgical department. This study included medical students who participated in a clinical clerkship in the surgical department using a mixed method with a sequential explanatory design as a quantitative approach. Pre- and post-tests were also used to assess changes in student knowledge, qualitative results were obtained from focus group discussions (FGD), and standardised questionnaires were used to assess student skills expectations and achievements. The results showed a significant increase in students’ knowledge after participating in a clinical clerkship, with a mean difference of 3.94 [standard deviation (SD) = 10.67]. However, only three of the skills met students’ expectations during clinical clerkship. This was attributed to a lack of opportunities to practice the skills that students had acquired, the presence of too many students, limited time, and a shortage of practical placements in regional hospitals. Most students perceived the majority of lecturers as nurturing and proficient. However, some lecturers are often occupied with their commitment, resulting in infrequent student interactions. The clinical clerkship system for the Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University effectively enhanced student knowledge, but it needs to be improved to meet their skill expectations.

Rural household resilience to food insecurity in Majang Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia

Background Due to shocks and stressors brought on by both natural and man-made events, households that depend on subsistence agriculture frequently experience uncertainty about guaranteeing their food security. The modern strategy for achieving food security in the face of shocks depends on identifying the variables that affect resilience and working to increase rural households’ capacity to withstand shocks related to food insufficiency. The goal of this study was to evaluate how resilient households were to food insecurity and its determinants. Methods From primary and secondary sources, cross-sectional data of both quantitative and qualitative types were gathered. The data acquired through surveys from 320 households was analyzed using a multivariate analytical method that included principal component analysis (PCA) and OLS regression. To bolster the findings, data from focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) was substantially utilized. Results According to the findings of the analysis, 40% and 60% of households, respectively, become resilient and non-resilient. All but the stability parameter significantly impacted resilience. Resilience to food insecurity is significantly increased by an increase of 2.128, 1.697, 0.648, 0.363, and 0.158 units in the adoption of agricultural technology, asset ownership, access to essential services, and adaptive capacity, respectively. On the other hand, the stability dimension negatively impacts resilience, with each additional unit lowering households’ capacity for resilience by 0.155 units. Conclusions The study suggests that to reduce both short-term and long-term shocks and stresses of food insecurity and to increase the capacity for resilience, the government’s policies and programs and those of other development partners must focus on building the main components of resilience.

Adaptive methodology and intellectual activism: teaching gender in Indonesian universities

ABSTRACT University systems in Indonesia are transforming, with implications for teaching and learning processes. These changes have influenced how gender and women’s knowledge production have evolved, especially within development conditions that have affected women and men differently. This research is derived from Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with women lecturers on how they translate gender and women’s knowledge production into teaching gender. It aims to analyse the settings and challenges of teaching gender in Indonesia’s universities, with the background of inequality and Indonesia’s political-socio-cultural context. Methods of teaching and the intellectual activism of women lecturers in promoting, advocating, and sustaining gender equality have provided relevance while minimising the potential of widening the gender gap. The findings make key contributions to the literature on gender and development, signifying that teaching gender is a method of empowering students to achieve education equality, and especially to improve women’s participation in development processes.

Implementation of Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) with Fuzzy Logic in Eliminating Off-Hangar Maintenance on Narrow Body Aircraft

Aircraft maintenance in remote locations is a prevalent challenge for local airlines in Indonesia, leading to diminished productivity and efficiency in the maintenance division. This issue is substantiated by a significant incidence rate of 36% annually, as reported by a national airline. The current solution needed is the improvement of the Maintenance System to eliminate off-hangar maintenance for Narrow Body aircraft in the national aviation service industry. This study aims to identify the causal factors of aircraft requiring maintenance when located outside the primary maintenance facilities and to reduce these occurrences. The Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) method is employed to determine the most effective maintenance approach based on system and equipment reliability, and the fuzzy logic method in FMEA is utilized to address ambiguity and uncertainty in risk assessment. Primary data were obtained from Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with experts working in the airline industry. Secondary data were collected from all aircraft experiencing breakdowns outside the main hangar. The findings reveal that the primary factor for maintenance outside the main facilities is the current maintenance policy of Finding Failure (FF), which leads to unpredictable maintenance activities, resulting in damage outside the main facility areas (Batam, Cengkareng, and Surabaya). Incidents of maintenance outside the main facilities can be eliminated by shifting the policy to Time Directed (TD), enabling the company to reduce costs from an initial IDR 342,681,011,118.60 to IDR 70,370,514,198.60, achieving a cost saving of 79.47%.

Community-based early warning systems in a changing climate: an empirical evaluation from coastal central Vietnam

ABSTRACT Climate-related hazards severely threaten human lives and livelihoods and are projected to increase due to global warming. Early warning systems are essential in mitigating losses, and community-based early warning systems (CBEWS) aim to empower at-risk communities for better preparedness and response. Though CBEWS have been implemented in several countries, the assessment of their effectiveness remains limited. To address this research gap, we assess existing CBEWS practices in the Thua Thien Hue (TTH) province in Central Vietnam in terms of community capacity and the process of establishing CBEWS. We use qualitative data from focus group discussions (FGDs) in six coastal communes with 133 participants representing different community groups. FGD results were transcribed and processed with the software Nvivo12. The findings reveal that CBEWS have significantly improved disaster risk reduction efforts and promoted the active participation of communities in TTH. However, there is also evidence of insufficient communities capacities and ownership. Gaps in the establishment of CBEWS stem from constraints in community engagement and investments in the system at the grassroots level. Findings further show that long-term political and financial commitment from the government and an enabling environment for community commitment, rather than the support from outsiders, determine the sustainability of CBEWS.

Capability Enhancement of Agricultural Extension Personnel through ICT Interventions and its Economic Impact in Bangladesh

"In this paper, we evaluated the performance of various ICT interventions to empower agricultural extension personnel, especially the Sub Assistant Agriculture Officer (SAAO) and Upazila Agriculture Officer (UAO), the major stakeholders in Bangladesh’s existing agricultural extension system. It is usually challenging for extension staff to keep track of their services and get up-to-date agricultural knowledge in developing nations due to the enormous geographical area and quantity of farmers and insufficient training and monitoring. Different ICT applications and tools, such as online and offline agricultural consultation services applications, a digital diary for recording the daily activities of the SAAOs, a monitoring system for the UAOs, and audiovisual materials have been developed to support the extension people. The evaluation was done after collecting data from Focus Group Discussions (FGD), Key Informant Interviews (KII), surveys, and server-side data processing. This study revealed that ICT applications have increased the knowledge base, efficiency, confidence level, and acceptance of the SAAOs and improved the financial aspects of the agriculture extension services. Thanks to ICT interventions, farmers receive timely and quality services from SAAO, leading to increased crop production and a better lifestyle for farmers."

Indigenous Knowledge and Perception Toward Mental Illnesses Within Goma City in Democratic Republic of Congo

Background: Prevailing wars for more than two decades have been associated with the increased burden of mental illnesses (MIs) in North-Kivu province (NKP), in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The community perception of this claim has, however, not been fully documented. Aims: To assess the knowledge and perception of Goma city residents on MI and their associated factors. Methods: Cross sectional study, was conducted among 610 selected community residents including key informants of Goma city from April to July 2021. Quantitative data from semi-structured interviews was analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression, while data from Focus group discussions (FGDs) were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. Results: Among residents of Goma city, rates of correct recognition of MIs namely schizophrenia, anxiety, depression and neurodevelopment disorders varied: 96.6%, 29.7%, 39.5% and 14.3%, respectively. The major causes of MIs perceived by respondents were spiritual (67.5%) and substance abuse (56.7%). Qualitative data from FGD’s revealed three major themes for poor perception of MI among residents as indigenous names of various MIs, reason of preferring traditional medicine versus conventional medicine (CM) and challenges faced in management of MIs using CM. Furthermore, demographic factors such as education, religion, occupation and age were not statistically significant (p˃0.05) in predicting one’s odds of MI perception among Goma city residents. Conclusion: The findings revealed that residents of Goma city have poor knowledge and perception on MIs regardless of education, religion, occupation and age.

Barriers to childhood asthma care in sub-Saharan Africa: a multicountry qualitative study with children and their caregivers

ObjectivesThis study identifies barriers and provides recommendations to improve asthma care in children across sub-Saharan Africa, where qualitative data is lacking despite high rates.DesignOne of the aims of our National...

Effectiveness of Non-Custodial Reintegration Programmes on Welfare of Returnee Terrorist Fighters in Mombasa, Kenya

A strong and effective non-custodial reintegration process, working in close collaboration with civil society organizations and communities, will facilitate transition back into society for former violent extremist offenders, demonstrate ongoing goodwill, and provide an essential support structure for the returnee terrorist fighters. This study aimed to assess the influence that non-custodial reintegration programs have on the well-being of returned terrorist fighters in Mombasa County, while also taking into consideration the risk that these programs may present if they are not employed appropriately. This understanding contributes to the growing necessity for both governmental and non-governmental actors to contribute to the development and implementation of non-custodial reintegration programs. The study utilized a descriptive research design using quantitative and qualitative methods to evaluate the efficacy of non-custodial reintegration programs on the well-being of returnee terrorist fighters in Mombasa County, Kenya. From a sample size of 400 respondents needed for investigation from the target population of Mombasa Count, the study drew data from focus group discussions (FGDs), interviews with key informants, and questionnaires that were physically delivered and electronically disseminated using the Google Forms application. The county was shown to have the highest rates of violent extremism and recidivism in Kenya. From the findings it is evident that for non-custodial reintegration programmes for returnee terrorist fighters to be effective, it is necessary to ensure that community stakeholders and other non-governmental actors have the required legal and policy space and capacity to engage; acknowledge the relative advantages of government and non-governmental stakeholders; and clearly identify the appropriate division of responsibilities between them in supporting non-custodial reintegration programmes and to make this strategy a reality. In conclusion, a strong and effective non-custodial reintegration process, working in close collaboration with civil society organizations and communities facilitates the transition back into society for former violent extremist offenders and thereby providing required support system to the former violent extremist offenders.

Applying bag of words approach to determine remote sensing technology acceptance among smallholder plantations

PurposeTechnology acceptance is a measure of that technology’s usefulness. Oil palm is one of the biggest contributors to Indonesia’s revenues, thus fueling its economy. Using remote sensing would allow a plantation to monitor and forecast its production and the amount of fertilizer used. This review aims to provide a policy recommendation in the form of a strategy to improve the added value of Indonesia’s oil palm and support the government in increasing oil palm production. This recommendation needs to be formulated by determining the users’ acceptance of remote sensing technology (state-owned plantations, private plantation companies and smallholder plantations).Design/methodology/approachThis review’s methodology used sentiment analysis through text mining (bag of words model). The study’s primary data were from focus group discussions (FGDs), questionnaires, observations on participants, audio-visual documentation and focused discussions based on group category. The results of interviews and FGDs were transcribed into text and analyzed to 1) find words that can represent the content of the document; 2) classify and determine the frequency (word cloud); and finally 3) analyze the sentiment.FindingsThe result showed that private plantation companies and state-owned plantations had extremely high positive sentiments toward using remote sensing in their oil palm plantations, whereas smallholders had a 60% resistance. However, there is still a possibility for this technology’s adoption by smallholders, provided it is free and easily applied.Research limitations/implicationsBasically, technology is applied to make work easier. However, not everyone is tech-savvy, especially the older generations. One dimension of technology acceptance is user/customer retention. New technology would not be immediately accepted, but there would be user perceptions about its uses and ease. At first, people might be reluctant to accept a new technology due to the perception that it is useless and difficult. Technology acceptance is the gauge of how useful technology is in making work easier compared to conventional ways.Practical implicationsTherefore, technology acceptance needs to be improved among smallholders by intensively socializing the policies, and through dissemination and dedication by academics and the government.Social implicationsThe social implications of using technology are reducing the workforce, but the company will be more profitable and efficient.Originality/valueRemote sensing is one of the topics that people have not taken up in a large way, especially sentiment analysis. Acceptance of technology that utilizes remote sensing for plantations is very useful and efficient. In the end, company profits can be allocated more toward empowering the community and the environment.

The Trends and Effects of Flood Occurrences in the Shire River Basin in Chikwawa District of Malawi: A Historical Perspective (1980 - 2019)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine historical trends in flooding in Malawi’s Shire River Basin (SRB). The basin is prone to severe flooding and most affected in the country. For many years, flooding has posed a significant threat to communities in and around the basin. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to document the historical perspective of flood occurrences in terms of frequency and impact in the Shire River Basin of Chikwawa District, Malawi, from 1980 to 2019. 
 Methodology: A mixed survey design was used for the study. Both random and purposive sampling were used to identify participants. A total of 384 respondents took part in the study. The study collected both primary and secondary data. Primary sources of data were collected using household surveys, interviews with key informants, and focus group discussions, while secondary sources of data were collected using documents from both non-governmental and Malawian governmental departments and agencies (MDAs) as well as existing literature. Data from focus group discussions (FGDs), interviews with community elders (CEIs), and key informant interviews (KIIs) were recorded in Chichewa with a voice recorder, transcribed in Chichewa, and then translated into English. Household survey data were processed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 25 and secondary data were converted to time series data and then analysed using STATA software to produce charts and graphs. 
 Findings: The results showed that all three hydrometeorological extremes (mean annual temperature, average rainfall and baseflow index) increased, suggesting that both the intensity and frequency of flooding in the Shire River Basin of Chikwawa District were also increasing in absolute terms. People’s perceptions of flooding showed that the Shire River Basin in Chikwawa District experienced excessive flooding every 5 years. This 5-year cycle was, among other factors the result of climate change and forest loss in the study area, leading to an increase in river sedimentation.
 Recommendations: This article found that the local people in the Shire River Basin of Chikwawa District will always live with increasing levels of flooding. Therefore, they should be proactive in flood management and understand the process as an ongoing activity for future risk assessment. Analysing the history of river basin flooding is important as it helps the Malawi's Department of Disaster Management Affairs (DoDMA) officials to be alert and estimate the time frame for the next flood in the Shire River Basin of Chikwawa District to strengthen the flood forecasting accuracy.

Effects of climate change on community based grazing lands management: A case study of the border between Nigeria and Niger Republic

In recent years, climate changes have had serious and unprecedented effects in Nigeria and Niger Republic. These changes range from a rapid decrease in forest resources to social and economic effects with obvious environmental repercussions. This paper examined the effect of climate change on community based grazing land management between the border of Nigeria and the Niger Republic. The focus was made on identifying activities carried out in the area, identifying herders’ encroachment routes and the perceived occurrence of climate change. Thus, data from Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and Questionnaire derived from the inhabitants were collected and analyzed. A total of 1,009 questionnaires out of the 1,020 given were used to collect data for the study. The results revealed that various forms of changing climatic patterns force arable farming into more and more marginal areas. When there is heavy pressure on grazing lands, the animals consume palatable vegetation faster than it can generate, and eventually, no vegetation remains. Continuing overgrazing is detrimental in the study area because it reduces primary productivity, impedes plant growth and survival and consequently alters species composition of the grasses, shrubs and forbs that provide livestock with food. The study further revealed that moderate grazing pressure increased plant diversity and soil and land health. Therefore, good pasture management is a remedy to sustainable utilization, among which proper grazing management serves as the key element of sustainable rangeland restoration. The study further recommends that the conservation of grazing land is the responsibility of all.

Development and Psychometric Validation of a Scale for Measurement of Tramadol Abuse

There are indications that the practices or behaviour involving tramadol use have not been measured with valid and reliable tools in the past. A scale that can be used to identify tramadol abuse practices in both clinical and non-clinical settings would be useful for possible intervention efforts. The objective of this study was, therefore, to develop and validate a scale to measure tramadol abuse. The scale items were sourced from the literature and outcomes from focus group discussions (FGDs) with 16 longterm tramadol users who were screened with Q-cup urine drug test kit (Q-CUDTK). Six experts and 30 long-term tramadol users were engaged for content and face validations of the items respectively. For construct validation, 180 tramadol users participated. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to identify the underlying factor structure of the scale and Cronbach’s alpha was computed for the scale internal consistency. Two items failed to meet the I-CVI (item-content validity index) cut-off point (I-CVIs < 0.83) and were deleted leaving 18 items with the S-CVI (scale-validity index) of 0.93. Three more items were deleted for having factor loadings below 0.50 leaving 15 items. The EFA resulted in the extraction of three factors: frequency of use (7 items), intensity of use (5 items) and pattern of use (3 items) with the reliability coefficients of 0.95, 0.96 and 0.89 respectively. We named this scale ‘Tram-BEHAV’ because it can be used to identify tramadol abuse behaviour for possible intervention. It can also be used for the evaluation of tramadol abuse intervention programmes.

The Urgency of Health Insurance Literacy for Indonesian People: Between Smoking and Paying JKN Premium

Introduction: Declining the rates of smoking among the poor still becomes a challenge for the health sector. Ideally, they can use the money for smoking to pay for their family health insurance premium. This research aimed to analyze how the poor in the informal sector perceived the payment of National Health Insurance (NHI/ JKN) using the cigarette cost.Methods: Data were collected from focus group discussions (FGD) in three different locations, Deli Serdang, Sumedang Districts and Medan City. Thirty-three informal sector workers with low financial capabilities participated in these FGDs. Health Belief Model was used as the framework for analyzing the data and information. Data analysis was conducted through the content analysis method.Results: The finding showed that poor people who work in the informal sector gave two different responses regarding the use of cigarette costs for paying the NHI/JKN program premium. The respondents had already an excellent perceived susceptibility and severity both on smoking habits and their low finance condition. They believed that the NHI/JKN benefit was to protect them financially if their family members need medical treatment. However, they had low self-efficacy and high perceived barriers that hinder them from replacing the money for buying cigarettes into paying for NHI/JKN premium.Conclusion: An approach to the poor people in the informal sector within their local context, is urgently needed to increase their health insurance literacy and knowledge about smoking.

Applying the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA) Method for the Risk Management of Self-Developed Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) in Hospitals

The organization of electronic medical records (EMR) in hospitals is vital. In cases where EMRs are developed independently, failures that hamper the hospital's operations could sometimes occur. Risk management is needed to identify, reduce, and eliminate potential failures. This study aimed to analyze a risk management by using the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (HFMEA) method to reduce the risk of failure in the outpatient EMR development process at Baitul Hikmah General Hospital (RSBH). This observational research applied an action research design and was conducted using the HFMEA method. It analyzed the outpatient EMR development process at RSBH. Research data was obtained through a mixed method where information was collected from focus group discussions (FGD) and calculated risk priority numbers (RPN). The research subjects were determined by the purposive sampling technique (HFMEA team). The HFMEA form was used as the research instrument. At least 33 failure modes were identified. These failure modes were evenly distributed throughout the outpatient EMR development process at RSBH. The top five failure modes received treatment actions and their outcomes were measured. Four out of the five failure modes showed a significant decrease in RPN value. In short, risk management analysis using the FMEA method could significantly reduce the potential for failure in the outpatient EMR development process at RSBH

Analysing the Potential of Pesantren as an Agent of Inter-Religious Harmony

This article attempts to look at great potential of pesantren as the oldest Islamic religious institution in Indonesia. This research analyzes the three primary assets owned by pesantren (human capital, social capital, and intellectual capital) to become agents of inter-religious harmony. It is based on field research conducted in two Islamic boarding schools with great attention to issues of inter-religious harmony, namely the Aswaja Nusantara Islamic Boarding School, Mlangi, Yogyakarta, managed by Kiai Muhammad Mustafid and the Roudhatus Sholihin Islamic Boarding School, Demak, managed by KH. Abdul Qodir, Lc. The primary data sources of this study were taken from interviews with the leaders and notes from Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with representatives of students. Based on the SWOT analysis of the collected data, this study concludes that Pesantren has excellent potential to become an agent of inter-religious harmony because of its social and intellectual capital and the diverse backgrounds of its students. However, this still requires pesantrens to conduct collaborative-comprehensive efforts to maximize their potential.