Friendly Labeling Research Articles

Analysis the Impact of Technology Innovation, Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Openness and Globalization on CO2 Emissions? Evidence from Developing Nations

The present study explores the effects of Technology Innovation, Foreign Direct Investment, Trade openness and globalization on environmental degradation (CO2 emissions) from 1999-2023 in developing (Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan Bangladesh, Bhutan, and India) Countries. The study employs the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method is applied to reveal the existence of long run and short run relationship between CO2 emissions and its other determinants. A Granger causality test was also used in this investigation to ascertain the direction of causation between the variables. The results found that in Technology innovation and globalization are significantly increase the environmental degradation. The results of the analysis show that Trade openness and Foreign direct investment have a significant but negative effect on environment degradation. It is recommended that the developing nations give preference to sustainable trading procedures by including environmental factors into trade agreements and laws. This can involve promoting environmentally friendly labeling, assisting sustainable supply chains, and reducing trade obstacles for commodities that are good for the environment. Consistent with these empirical findings, this article suggests some vital policy implications in Developing countries to accomplish their sustainable development goals (SDGs).

PERSEPSI PRIA MILENIAL PADA PRODUCT LABELING SKINCARE

The consumption patterns of society have shown an annual increase, one example being found in purchasing and usage of skincare products. Skincare products have seen a rise in popularity not only among women but also among millennial men, particularly in the Jabodetabek region. This phenomenon can be attributed to the offerings from manufacturers, both international and local brands, which have experienced significant growth. One of the factors influencing consumer perception is the information presented through media channels regarding the functions and composition of products, the country of origin label (local or imported), product certification labels such as BPOM, Halal, and environmentally friendly labels (animal cruelty-free, vegan, organic, natural, non-toxic, eco-friendly, and fair trade). This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, involving interviews with 12 millennial men residing in the Jabodetabek area. The findings reveal that millennial men do not give too much consideration to product labeling on skincare items. The majority of respondents tend to choose products based on their specific needs and often to buy for bundled product packages.

Factors influencing Muslim Generation Z consumers’ purchase intention of environmentally friendly halal cosmetic products

PurposeThis study aims to identify the characteristics of Muslim Generation Z and analyze the factors that influence its purchase intention of environmentally friendly halal cosmetic products.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopts the quantitative methods of a questionnaire and sampling technique using purposive sampling. The respondents in this study were 300 Indonesian Muslims from Generation Z. Descriptive analysis and structural equation modeling–partial least structural with SmartPLS 3.3.7 software were used to analyze the research data.FindingsThis study found that of the nine hypotheses tested, seven are confirmed, including the effect of halal labels on halal-green awareness, environmentally friendly labels on halal-green awareness, environmental knowledge on halal-green awareness and knowledge on attitudes. Meanwhile, religiosity and halal-green awareness influence attitudes and attitudes that affect the purchase intention of environmentally friendly halal cosmetics. Two hypotheses that are not accepted are the influence of religiosity on halal-green awareness and halal-green awareness on attitudes. The findings are expected to increase interest in buying environmentally friendly halal cosmetics by better understanding consumer behavior, especially Generation Z.Practical implicationsCosmetics manufacturers benefit from halal-green branding on their products to enter new halal markets and increase market share.Originality/valueThis study is more comprehensive than previous studies, combining halal and environmentally friendly elements with a focus on Generation Z.

Pengaruh Eco-Label terhadap Green Purchase

Environmental awareness is a must for everyone because environmental conditions will affect human life in the present and in the future. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the eco-label on green purchases through the mediating role of product attributes and environmental awareness. This research is a quantitative study. The data analysis technique in this study used SEM-PLS on SmartPLS 3.2.9 software with model measurements and hypothesis testing using the bootstrapping technique. Based on the results of data analysis, this study found that eco-label has a positive and significant effect on environmental attitudes, product attributes, and green purchases, but has no positive and significant effect on environmental concerns. Product attributes have a positive and significant effect on environmental attitudes but do not have a positive and significant effect on environmental concerns. Environmental attitudes have a positive and significant effect on environmental concerns. Environmental attitudes and environmental concerns have a positive and significant effect on green purchases. This research provides new insights and suggestions for environmentally friendly products or companies, which are based on the results of data analysis to apply environmentally friendly product labeling (eco-labels) and provide education regarding green products and environmentally friendly labels.

Effect of Eco-label and Renewable Energy Projects Knowledge on Environmental Awareness for Elementary School Students

Recently, environmental awareness has been an essential element for environmental sustainability and need researchers' focus. Thus, this study aims at finding out the effect of eco-label and renewable energy projects knowledge on environmental awareness for 409 sixth grade elementary school students in the Province of Jakarta. In this study, data collection used questionnaires with the analysis technique of the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The findings indicate that eco-label and new renewable energy projects predict student environmental awareness. Indicators involving environmentally informative instruments, environmentally friendly labels, and environmental protection stimulate eco-label. Indicators consisting of environmental practices, environmental attitudes, and noble values of sustainability support student environmental awareness. This study offered to use eco-label and new renewable energy projects to improve student ecological awareness for elementary school students in the Province of Jakarta.

The Other Side of the Story: Greenhouse and Nursery Producers’ Perceptions about Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Pollinator Friendly Labeling

The purpose of this report is to summarize ornamental plant producers’ perceptions about neonicotinoid labeling and anticipated changes in production practices due to neonicotinoids labeling policy intervention. The target audience is industry, state agency, and public stakeholders involved in decisions and policy making related to the use of neonicotinoid insecticides in the U.S. ornamental plants industry.

Green Marketing Tools, Religiosity, Environmental Attitude And Green Purchase Behaviour Among Millenials Generation

The purpose of the research isto examine relationship between Green Marketing Tools (GMT), Environmental Attitudes (EA), Religiosity and Green Purchase Behavior (GPB) and test Religiosity moderates between Environmental Attitudes (EA) and Green Purchase Behavior (GPB). This study employs samples using a questionnaire instrument. The result of the collected 268 questionnaires of respondents were processed using descriptive and quantitative analysis data using SEM (Strutural Equation Model) analysis techniques with Stata 13. The results showed that millennial generation in shaping their engagement behavior on environmental issues is influenced by environmentally friendly advertisements, attributes or labels used on a product, then perceptions of environmentally friendly brands and trust in environmentally friendly advertisements, trust in compliance or environmentally friendly labels and brands that are on the products they know.The findings of this study suggest that individual factors in the form of religious and situational factors in the form of green marketing tools in the form of eco labels, eco brands, trusts or trust in eco labels and eco brands, and environmental advertising affect green behavioral.

Consumer and Producer Perceptions and Preferences for Pollinator Friendly Labeling Practices in the US Green Industry


 
 
 
 
 
 
 Increasing consumer interest in sustainable products and in protecting bees and other pollinator insects may be reducing demand for plants grown using neonicotinoids. This 5-page fact sheet written by Hayk Khachatryan, Xuan Wei, and Alicia Rihn and published by the UF/IFAS Food and Resource Economics Department summarizes consumer and producer perceptions about neonicotinoid-related regulations and labeling practices and identifies discrepancies between consumer and producer preferences for different pollinator friendly labeling phrases.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe1083
 
 
 
 
 
 

3-Vertex Friendly Index Set of Graphs

Graph labeling is an assignment of integers to the vertices or the edges, or both, subject to certain conditions. In literature we find several labelings such as graceful, harmonious, binary, friendly, cordial, ternary and many more. A friendly labeling is a binary mapping such that where and represents number of vertices labeled by 1 and 0 respectively. For each edge assign the label , then the function f is cordial labeling of G if and , where and are the number of edges labeled 1 and 0 respectively. A friendly index set of a graph is { runs over all f riendly labeling f of G} and it is denoted by FI(G). A mapping is called ternary vertex labeling and represents the vertex label for . In this article, we extend the concept of ternary vertex labeling to 3-vertex friendly labeling and define 3-vertex friendly index set of graphs. The set runs over all 3 ? vertex f riendly labeling f f or all is referred as 3-vertex friendly index set. In order to achieve , number of vertices are partitioned into such that for all with and la- bel the edge by where . In this paper, we study the 3-vertex friendly index sets of some standard graphs such as complete graph Kn, path Pn, wheel graph Wn, complete bipartite graph Km,n and cycle with parallel chords PCn.

Eco-labeling in the Fresh Produce Market: Not All Environmentally Friendly Labels Are Equally Valued

Previous research indicates that consumers have a higher willingness to pay (WTP) for food products grown using sustainable production methods due to the perceived environmental benefits. Fresh produce can be produced using numerous sustainable methods, but it remains unclear which method is valued the most by consumers. In this study, we estimate consumer preferences for fresh strawberries with various sustainable claims: two based on production techniques (reduced pesticides and less fertilizer use) and three based on outcomes associated with ecosystem services (reduced negative impacts on air, soil, or water). While consumers are willing to pay more for fresh strawberries produced with sustainable practices, the premiums differ by the production method. Consumers are willing to pay the highest price premium for fresh strawberries produced with reduced pesticide use, followed by those produced with reduced impacts on water quality. Demographic variables (such as income), purchase habits (such as price normally paid for strawberries), and perception variables (such as importance rating of strawberry attributes) are significant factors affecting consumer preference for strawberries produced using environmentally friendly techniques. Consumers who have a better knowledge of GMO fresh strawberries in the market are willing to pay significantly less for all types of eco-labeled fresh strawberries.

How do human values influence the beef preferences of consumer segments regarding animal welfare and environmentally friendly production?

Animal welfare and environmental impacts have been emphasized in the sustainable production of livestock. Labels are useful tools for clearly providing such attribute information to consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate how human values influence consumer segments for beef with information on animal welfare and environmentally friendly production. Using a choice experiment, we examined whether animal welfare and environmentally friendly labels, country of origin and price impact consumer choice. As results, five heterogeneous consumer classes were identified using a latent class model: label conscious, domestic beef preferring, price conscious, animal welfare preferring and not interested in production method. Almost 90% of consumers were interested in and willing to pay for beef with animal welfare or environmentally friendly label. The classes with significant preferences for such labeled beef were affected by "openness to change", "self-enhancement" and "security". Improving consumer attitudes and strengthening consumer perception towards labeled beef by marketers and policy makers will be required.

On friendly index sets of the edge-gluing of complete graph and cycles

Let G be a graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). A vertex labeling f:V(G)→Z2 induces an edge labeling f+:E(G)→Z2 defined by f+(xy)=f(x)+f(y), for each edge xy∈E(G). For i∈Z2, let vf(i)=|{v∈V(G):f(v)=i}| and ef(i)=|{e∈E(G):f+(e)=i}|. We say f is friendly if |vf(0)−vf(1)|≤1. We say G is cordial if |ef(1)−ef(0)|≤1 for a friendly labeling f. The set FI(G)={|ef(1)−ef(0)|:f is friendly} is called the friendly index set of G. In this paper, we investigate the friendly index sets of the edge-gluing of a complete graph Kn and n copies of cycles C3. The cordiality of the graphs is also determined.

Attitude Formation Towards Local and International Ecological Face and Body Care Brands Among Lithuanian Female Consumers

Current environmental trends in production and marketing resulted in a close-loop situation, when on the one hand consumers demand environmentally friendly and ecological products and are ready to pay price premiums for them, on the other hand, marketers explore usage of environmentally friendly brands and labels as a competitive advantage. Both local and international brands compete in the market of ecological products. However, consumer propensity to purchase ecological brands differs, as this variable can be a function of a number of factors. The paper analyses the impact of consumer values, perceived environmental knowledge and pro-environmental concern on consumer attitudes towards ecological brands (local or international), and the influence of consumer attitude elements on intention to purchase local vs. foreign ecological brands in the industry of face and body care. Lithuanian women were polled to determine the relationship of these variables. The results indicate that the attitude towards an ecological product is related to the value of a sense of belonging and pro-environmental concern; intention to purchase a local brand is predicted by the attitude towards the local brand only, whereas intention to purchase an international brand is predicted by the attitude towards an international and ecological brand, and negatively correlates with the attitude towards a local brand.

Balanced Labeling and Balance Index Set of One Point Union of Two Complete Graphs

Let G be a graph with vertex set V (G) and edge set E(G), and consider the set A = f0;1g. A labeling f : V (G) ! A induces a partial edge labeling f : E(G) ! A defined by f (xy) = f(x), if and only if f(x) = f(y), for each edge xy2 E(G). For i2 A, let vf(i) =jfv2 V (G) : f(v) = igj and ef (i) =je2 E(G) : f (e) = ij. A labeling f of a graph G is said to be friendly if jvf(0) vf(1)j 1. A friendly labeling is called balanced ifjef (0) ef (1)j 1. The balance index set of the graph G, Bl(G), is defined asfjef (0) ef (1)j: the vertex labeling f is friendlyg. We provide balanced labeling and balance index set of one point union of two complete graphs.

Product-cordial index and friendly index of regular graphs

Abstract. Let G = (V;E) be a connected simple graph. A labeling f : V !Z 2 induces two edgelabelings f + ;f : E !Z 2 de ned by f + (xy) = f(x)+f(y) and f (xy) = f(x)f(y) for each xy 2E. Fori 2Z 2 , let v f (i) = jf 1 (i)j, e f + (i) = j(f + ) 1 (i)jand e f (i) = j(f ) 1 (i)j. A labeling f is called friendlyif jv f (1) v f (0)j1. For a friendly labeling f of a graph G, the friendly index of G under f is de nedby i +f (G) = e + (1) e f + (0). The set fi +f (G) jf is a friendly labeling ofGgis called the full friendlyindex set of G. Also, the product-cordial index of G under f is de ned by i f (G) = e f (1) e (0).The set fi f (G) jf is a friendly labeling ofGgis called the full product-cordial index set of G. In thispaper, we nd a relation between the friendly index and the product-cordial index of a regular graph.As applications, we will determine the full product-cordial index sets of torus graphs which was askedby Kwong, Lee and Ng in 2010; and those of cycles. 1. IntroductionIn this paper, all graphs are simple and connected. All unde ned symbols and concepts may belooked up from [1]. Let G = (V;E) be a connected simple graph. A labeling f : V !Z

Carotenoid based bio-compatible labels for third harmonic generation microscopy

The use of carotenoids as biologically friendly labels for third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy is demonstrated. Carotenoid containing liposomes are used to label cell structures via liposome cell fusion. The THG microscopy labels, called harmonophores, were characterized by measuring the third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ((3))) of carotenoids: violaxanthin, neoxanthin, lutein, β-carotene, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin. The THG ratio method was used, which is based on measuring the THG intensity from two interfaces using a nonlinear optical microscope. The second hyperpolarizability values of carotenoids were extracted from χ((3)) measurements taking into account the refractive index at fundamental and third harmonic wavelengths. The length dependence of the second hyperpolarizability of conjugated polyenes from 9 to 13 double bonds with varying oxygen functional groups was investigated. It appears that the presence of epoxides can have a higher influence than an additional conjugated double bond. Furthermore, labelling of both Drosophila Schneider 2 cells and Drosophila melanogaster larvae myocytes with β-carotene was achieved. This study demonstrates that THG enhancement by carotenoids can be used for nontoxic in vivo labelling of subcellular structures for third harmonic generation microscopy.

Full friendly index sets of Cartesian products of two cycles

Let G = (V,E) be a connected simple graph. A labeling f: V → ℤ2 induces an edge labeling f*: E → ℤ2 defined by f*(xy) = f(x)+ f(y) for each xy ∈ E. For i ∈ ℤ2, let υf(i) = |f−1(i)| and ef(i) = |f*−1(i)|. A labeling f is called friendly if |υf(1) − υf(0)| ≤ 1. For a friendly labeling f of a graph G, we define the friendly index of G under f by if(G) = ef(1) − ef(0). The set {if(G) | f is a friendly labeling of G} is called the full friendly index set of G, denoted by FFI(G). In this paper, we will determine the full friendly index set of every Cartesian product of two cycles.

Usage and understanding of food and nutritional labels among Indian consumers

PurposeNutritional labeling of food products is not mandatory in India at present and the Indian Government is on the verge of introducing a code of conduct for it. The aim of this paper is to provide some initial guidelines for the above‐said purpose so as to have consumer friendly labeling policies.Design/methodology/approachA structured questionnaire‐based survey was used for the purpose of the study. A total of 100 respondents were considered for the study. Data were collected from two superstores located in New Delhi.FindingsFood labels are read by the consumers for brand comparisons and not for consulting nutritional information. Difficult terminology, small font size and inability to understand nutritional labels are the major problems encountered by the consumers. Television, friends, magazines are commonly used for assessing nutritional information. Labels are considered more consumer friendly when benchmarks regarding serving size are provided. Income level, size of household, number of children and age did not play a role in the usage of nutritional labels by the consumers. Consumers with special dietary needs used nutritional labels regularly.Research limitations/implicationsA small sample size is the limitation of the study.Originality/valueThis is the first study of its kind in India. It is valuable for the Indian Government in framing policies regarding nutritional labeling and for imparting nutritional education. It will also help it to draft consumer friendly labels for effective usage.

2-splittable and cordial graphs

E. Miller and G. E. Stevens proved in [E. Miller, G. E. Stevens, Some graphs for which even size is sufficient for splittability, Congressus Numerantium 173 (2005), 137–147] the existence of certain families of \(2\)-splittable caterpillars. In this paper we characterize other families of \(2\)-splittable caterpillars. Moreover, we show that for some of them there exists a friendly labeling inducing two isomorphic subgraphs.

Uniformly cordial graphs

Let G be a graph with vertex set V ( G ) and edge set E ( G ) . A labeling f : V ( G ) → { 0 , 1 } induces an edge labeling f * : E ( G ) → { 0 , 1 } , defined by f * ( xy ) = | f ( x ) - f ( y ) | for each edge xy ∈ E ( G ) . For i ∈ { 0 , 1 } , let n i ( f ) = | { v ∈ V ( G ) : f ( v ) = i } | and m i ( f ) = | { e ∈ E ( G ) : f * ( e ) = i } | . Let c ( f ) = | m 0 ( f ) - m 1 ( f ) | . A labeling f of a graph G is called friendly if | n 0 ( f ) - n 1 ( f ) | ⩽ 1 . A cordial labeling of G is a friendly labeling f for which c ( f ) ⩽ 1 . A graph G is a uniformly cordial graph if every friendly labeling of G is cordial. It is shown that a connected graph G of order n ⩾ 2 is uniformly cordial if and only if n = 3 and G = K 3 , or n is even and G = K 1 , n - 1 .