Friendly Behavior Research Articles

Realization of environmentally friendly behaviours in sports from the point of view of managers and organizers

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to realize environmentally friendly behaviors in sports from the point of view of managers and organizers of sports events. Methodology: In order to collect data, a 4-part researcher-made questionnaire including 40 questions was used. The face and content validity was confirmed by a survey of related faculty members, and its reliability was reported using Cronbach's alpha of 0.83. The statistical sample of the research consists of managers and organizers of sports events in ten provinces of the country. After distributing the questionnaires, finally 254 questionnaires were returned. Results: Data analysis was done using Amos and SPSS-19 software. Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis were used to test hypotheses, and bootstrap method was used to test indirect relationships (mediation). The proposed model was also tested to investigate the relationships between the factors. The results showed that the three factors of environmental awareness, perception of environmental effects, and the intention to support green sports events affect the actual environmental friendly behavior. Also, the results showed that the variable that intends to support green sports events plays a role as a mediating variable and the extent of the impact of environmental awareness and perception on the actual environmentally friendly behavior is caused by the intention to support green sports events. Conclusions: Based on the proposed research model, the environmentally friendly behaviors of sports event organizers and managers and their intention to protect green sports events are largely influenced by their knowledge and understanding of environmental issues. It seems that understanding the basic factors affecting people's actual and supportive behaviors towards green sports is necessary to promote environmental behavior.

Application of social cognitive theory to determine shaping factors of environmental intention and behaviors of ecotourist in forest areas

BackgroundEcotourism as a responsible travel to natural areas is proposed as a strategy for forest conservation by enhancing the livelihoods of local communities. However, engaging in environmentally friendly behaviors during forest visit is a crucial factor in achieving this conservation. This study aimed to examine the determinants of intention and actual environmental behavior among ecotourists during their visits to forests.MethodsUtilizing social cognitive theory as the theoretical framework, the data from 409 visitors of recreational forest were analyzed. After confirming the validity and reliability of the data, structural equation modeling was employed for analysis.ResultsThe results indicated that the model could explain 59% of the behavioral intention and 27% of the actual environmentally friendly behaviors of ecotourists during their forest visits. Additionally, social influence and the behaviors of other ecotourists were identified as two significant determinants of individuals’ behavioral intention. Self-efficacy and behavioral intention also emerged as significant factors which shape the actual environmental behaviors of tourists, positively.DiscussionThe findings suggest that social expectations, learning from fellow tourists, and enhancing individuals’ abilities while addressing barriers to exhibiting environmentally friendly behaviors should be prioritized in promotional planning for ecotourism.

The Adverse Effect of Dehumanizing Practices on Student Engagement and Learning in English Language Teaching Classroom

Knowingly or unknowingly, forgetting our multilingual and multicultural scenario, teachers’ behaviors may create social inequalities and injustices in the classroom; in the name of the dominant language of the school and power relation. Our classroom context is multilingual, multicultural and bilingual where students come from different economic and linguistic background. To some extent, our school system, including textbooks, instruction, curriculum, teaching practices seem to have influenced by the dominant ‘English/Nepali only’ approach. Furthermore, some teachers may not motivate minority students looking their low economic status, uncombed hair, roughly managed shirt-paint, unpolished shoes and low proficiency in English language. In this context, this paper aims to analyze the difficulties and struggle of demotivated (due to teachers’ bias behaviors and friends’ insult upon their appearance and language) Nepali language speaking children’s experiences as they feel insulted in school environment. To fulfill this objective, I adopted narrative research design in line with the qualitative research method. Discussing on the basis of classroom observation and unstructured interviews with the student, this paper analyzes that how the learners are marginalized and forbidden equal access to participate in the mainstream of social and political life that enhances their better learning opportunity and participation in classroom and society to what Bourdieu’s word symbolic violence with some examples of how such social inequalities and injustices are seen in school’s teaching-learning practices. Specially, given the problematic nature of schooling for such learners in some of the schools in Nepal, this paper highlights the need for socially responsive school policies and critical pedagogy, aiming at challenging and changing certain practices having identified a problem; originally propounded by Paulo Freire, a Brazilian educator; understanding the difficulties of living in poverty, local context entertaining the linguistic and cultural diversity of students. This study contributes to all the educational stakeholders to update and change themselves as human- friendly behaviours with the learners that can maintain social equalities and justice.

Trends in socioeconomic inequality in e-cigarette use among adolescents in South Korea.

The global rise in e-cigarette use among adolescents is alarming, with associated socioeconomic inequalities posing potential public health risks. This study examined trends in the socioeconomic inequality in e-cigarette use among South Korean adolescents to inform future regulatory directions. Socioeconomic inequalities in e-cigarette use among Korean adolescents were assessed using data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS) from 2011 to 2023. The Concentration Index, a well-established method for measuring health inequalities, was employed. Additionally, this study investigated how the smoking behaviors of family members and friends influence socioeconomic inequality in e-cigarette use among Korean adolescents, using a decomposition analysis. The Concentration Index values showed a clear, fluctuating downward trend over 13 years, from -0.12 (95% CI: -0.13 - -0.10) in 2011 to -0.24 (95% CI: -0.26 - -0.21) in 2023. Decomposition analysis revealed that smoking among peer groups, including friends and siblings, was the primary contributor to socioeconomic inequality in e-cigarette use, followed by maternal smoking. Socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent e-cigarette use in South Korea are widening, particularly among low socioeconomic status groups. The impact of peer groups on socioeconomic inequalities in e-cigarette use among adolescents is concerning.

Exploring Green Consumerism: The Impact of Environmental Knowledge, Social Influence, and Attitudes on Millennials' Purchase Intentions

Indonesia is experiencing a demographic bonus, where millennials make up a significant portion of the productive age population. This demographic shift presents challenges in meeting labour market demands, as well as consumption patterns, particularly concerning sustainable consumption. Simultaneously, environmental issues such as climate change and unsustainable resource usage have become pressing global concerns. Millennials have a crucial role in addressing these challenges by adopting environmentally friendly behaviours, including green product consumption. However, the factors that drive millennials' green purchase intentions, particularly in Indonesia, remain understudied. This study aims to investigate the influence of environmental knowledge, environmental concern, social influence, and attitude on the green purchase intentions of Indonesian millennials. The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach, using purposive sampling to collect data from 150 millennials in Banjarmasin. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. The findings reveal that environmental concern indirectly affects green purchase intention through the mediating role of attitude. Additionally, social influence and environmental knowledge have significant positive impacts on both attitude and green purchase intention. The study highlights the importance of enhancing environmental knowledge and leveraging social influence to encourage sustainable purchasing behaviour among millennials. Marketers can use these insights to design effective strategies that promote eco-friendly products to this demographic. Future research could explore other factors, such as perceived product quality and price sensitivity, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of green consumer behaviour.

Gender-Based Driving Behavior Patterns in the Context of Iran: A Qualitative Study

Background: Road traffic injuries are the eighth leading cause of deaths in all ages. Considering the fact that driving is a social context with different rules and behaviours, the present study was aimed to explore the patterns of gender-based driving behaviours focusing on women driving in the context of Iran. Methods: Through a conventional content analysis, overall, 30 participants with different social and educational levels were recruited. A purposeful sampling method was used in which 7 males and 23 females were included because of sample triangulation. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and analysed through inductive content analysis. Results: Overall, three main categories and 10 subcategories were extracted from the data including unsafe risky behaviours against female drivers (subcategories of scary behaviours, aggression and violence against female drivers, ignoring women and revenge-based behaviours), protective and friendly behaviours (helping and caring for women drivers, respecting women drivers, being patient for women driving subcategories) and specific driving behaviours of women (preventive and cautious behaviours, driving based on traffic rules and cultural characteristics subcategories). Conclusion: Different patterns of driving behaviors focused on female drivers were found in the present research. Reducing the aggressive gender-based driving behaviors against female drivers and strengthening the protective behaviors for women can be achieved through establishing appropriate rules and public education. Further research is required to explore the process of gender-based driving behaviours, as well as identifying different consequences of such behaviours on communities.

Artificial intelligence innovation and corporate environmental investment: A contingent view

Existing research has begun to focus on the negative impacts caused by artificial intelligence (AI), but few studies have examined the influence of AI on corporate environmental activities. This study, using 15,779 observations from 3,097 Chinese listed firms from 2008 to 2022, finds that corporate AI innovation has a significant negative impact on CEI. Additionally, we discover that firm size strengthens the negative relationship between AI innovation and CEI, while foreign direct investment (FDI) intensity weakens this negative relationship. This study extends the research on AI in the field of corporate environmentally friendly behavior.

Towards green hospitality: exploring the consumer perceived value of pro-environmental star-graded accommodation

PurposeThis paper explores the effect of pro-environmental measures and green behaviour of star-graded accommodation establishments on the consumer perceived value that domestic tourists associate with them. From our study’s perspective, value creation via green hospitality may promote more responsible and environmentally friendly consumptive behaviour amongst domestic tourists.Design/methodology/approachDesigned as a cross-sectional deductive study, data were generated from an online panel sample of 440 South African domestic tourists. The hypotheses were tested using SmartPLS 4 via partial least squares–structural equation modelling. Further, multi-group analysis assessed and exposed gender-based differences.FindingsThe findings imply that green hospitality positively influences the value perceptions of tourists. More in-depth analyses indicate gender-based heterogeneity in the effect of green hospitality aspects on consumer perceived values. Our findings establish pro-environmentalism within the accommodation sector as an approach to initiating pro-environmental behaviour change through value creation.Originality/valueOur study extends the theory around pro-environmental behaviour and provides empirical evidence from domestic tourists as an under-researched population within the debate around tourism sustainability and green hospitality. The study sheds new light on the importance of supply-side green interventions in tourist behaviour and highlights the potential influence of gender differences. It explores this in the context of an emerging tourism destination in the Global South.

It’s Fine If Others Do It Too: Privacy Concerns, Social Influence, and Political Expression on Facebook in Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States

Political expression is a focal point for understanding how digital media have transformed political engagement. Privacy concerns tend to impede online political expression, but this relationship is still poorly understood. Based on the theory of reasoned action, this study focuses on the role of social influence and institutional privacy concerns in political expression on Facebook. We draw on research on the privacy calculus to examine how observing the behavior of Facebook friends moderates the relationship between privacy concerns and online political expression. We use survey data gathered in 2023 from Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States ( n = 5,936). Across all five countries, we find that observing Facebook friends posting political content bolsters political expression on Facebook, as per our preregistered analysis. In all countries except Germany, privacy concerns impede political expression on Facebook. Also, the importance of institutional privacy concerns for political expression depends on the observed posting behavior of Facebook friends. This moderated effect is only observed in three of the five examined countries, however. Our findings offer new insights into the factors that encourage and discourse political expression, particularly on Facebook which is a platform that has been widely criticized for failing to protect its users’ privacy.

Analisis Bibliometrik Green Human Practices terhadap Keberlanjutan Lingkungan pada Industri Perhotelan

Background – Attention to environmental issues has become a seriously focus in various companies today, especially in the management of management functions. Awareness of environmental issues has prompted companies to change their concepts and take initiatives to implement sustainable practices. In this context, Human Resource Management plays a crucial role in maintaining the sustainability of an organization. This research aims to explore how the role of green human resource practices influences environmental sustainability in the hospitality industry. Aim – This research aims to explore how the role of green human resource practices influences environmental sustainability in the hospitality industry. The hospitality industry is one of the sectors that has a significant impact on the environment. Design / methodology / approach – The study is a qualitative approach and it was conducted in 2023 by retrieval on Scopus databased via scopus.com., with the results of collecting 611 articles, which were identified in 2018 – 2023. The data were analyzed descriptively and processed by VOSViewer software with a bibliometric approach to understand trend of the development of research for the future. Findings – Research on green human resource management practices has been conducted in the last five years, but this topic is more frequently explored in 2023. In the citation presentation, it is evident that Sustainability Switzerland and the Journal of Cleaner Production are more commonly used for publications on the theme of GHRM Practices. Conclusion – Research on green human resource management practices has been conducted for the past five years, and was more frequently conducted in 2023, as indicated by the number of citations in Sustainability Switzerland and the Journal of Cleaner Production with the theme of green human resource management practices with a high number of publications. Research implication – The number of keywords that are connected to other topics, makes a reference for further researchers to develop research with other approaches, such as quantitative, by distributing questionnaires to several companies, one of which is the hotel industry. Limitations – Companies need to pay attention seriously to the environment, which was currently a global concern. They need to improve environmentally friendly behavior in real terms through GHRM policies and practices, and also research support from academics.

THE EFFECT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON EMPLOYEE GREEN BEHAVIOR: THE CASE OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA

This study examines the relationship between emotional intelligence (EQ) and employee green behavior (EGB) in the workplace within the context of the Republic of North Macedonia. Given the increasing emphasis on sustainable business practices, understanding the factors influencing employees' environmentally friendly behaviors is essential. This research explores whether higher levels of emotional intelligence among employees contribute to more proactive engagement in green behaviors, such as energy conservation, waste management and recycling at work. The findings suggest that emotional intelligence significantly influences employee green behavior, with implications for organizational strategies aimed at fostering sustainability. Additionally, the study investigates gender differences in the relationship between EQ and EGB. Results indicate that female employees are more likely to engage in green behaviors compared to their male counterparts, although emotional intelligence remains the more substantial predictor of EGB regardless of gender. These insights highlight the importance of developing EQ across all employees while considering gender dynamics to enhance organizational sustainability efforts.

How emissions and distance do influence the choice of eco-tourists?

ABSTRACT Given the growing environmental impact of tourism, understanding how information influences tourists’ sustainable choices is essential. This study focuses on the relatively under-researched area of how information on carbon emissions and travel distance affects tourists’ environmentally friendly choices at destinations across various time intervals. Hypothetical dichotomous questions were employed in three online surveys with 991 participants. T-tests were used to compare the effects of carbon emissions and distance information over eight, five, three, and one-hour intervals. The results indicate that both carbon emissions and distance information positively influence preferences for environmentally friendly behaviour. Additionally, more available time can lead to less environmentally friendly choices. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and tourism stakeholders aiming to foster sustainable practices in the industry.

The Influence of Leadership Style on Ecological Behavior Mediated by Persistence and Integrity on the State Civil Apparatus of the Provincial Government of the Special Region of Jakarta

The results of the study show that leadership style has a significant direct influence on the ecological behavior of ASN. Inspirational and supportive leaders are able to increase ASN's commitment to environmentally friendly behavior. In addition, persistence and integrity have been shown to mediate the relationship. Leaders who are able to motivate ASN persistence and instill strong integrity values tend to be more effective in building sustainable ecological behavior. Persistence increases the ability of civil servants to survive in their efforts to implement ecological practices, while integrity encourages civil servants to act in accordance with ethical values in preserving the environment. In conclusion, an effective leadership style, with the support of persistence and integrity, can improve the ecological behavior of civil servants. These findings have important implications for the development of leadership policies that support environmental sustainability in the public sector, especially within the scope of the Jakarta Special Region Provincial Government.

Environmental awareness and sustainable behavior of respondents in Germany, the Netherlands and Poland: A qualitative focus group study

The diverse European landscape of climate consciousness is shaped by political values, financial constraints, and country-specific point of view. The aim of the study was to unravel age-specific ecological awareness, forms of engagement, and perceptions, contributing to a nuanced understanding of climate dynamics.Selected regions: Germany (Rheinisches Revier), the Netherlands (Amsterdam Metropolitan Area), and Poland (Upper Silesia/Metropolis GZM) present different states regarding recycling/Circular Economy principles, and different environments.The research design incorporates an inductive qualitative approach to investigate environmental awareness and attitudes toward ecologically friendly behaviors. Six FGIs (Focus Group Interviews) were conducted across three European regions, involving participants from diverse age groups (20–39 years and 40–60 years) in each region.The study shows that ecological awareness varies between countries and generations, reflecting distinctive environmental strategies shaped by cultural and developmental factors. Participants in each region and age group exhibit diverse levels of engagement in sustainable activities, and highlight issues such as the need for tailored strategies, concerns related to eco-labelling, greenwashing, and inadequate waste treatment, as well as information gaps.These variations in pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors across age groups and regions underscore the need for tailored strategies and regional policies. Transparency in waste management, eco-labelling, and sustainable transportation alternatives should be prioritized. Educational initiatives addressing information gaps, especially regarding lifestyle choices, are crucial. Collaboration and interdisciplinary approaches are essential for fostering positive change and a sustainable future across the European Union. Transparent communication, regulatory measures, and accessible eco-friendly options encourage widespread adoption of pro-environmental behaviors.

Local CEOs and environmentally-friendly enterprise behaviour

Using the Poisson regression method, this research analyses the impact of local CEOs on the environmentally friendly behaviours of enterprises and delves into the mechanisms, which have received limited attention in the literature. The findings reveal that local CEOs can significantly encourage enterprises to engage in environmentally friendly behaviours, and this influence is mediated primarily through internal motivation and external sanctions. Additionally, the research revealed that the promotion effect of local CEOs on the environmentally friendly behaviours of enterprises is more pronounced in regions with favourable natural endowments and in private enterprises. Even under the pressure of tenure, local CEOs continue to significantly stimulate the implementation of environmentally friendly practices and complement the formal institutional framework through their informal institutional role.

Under the influence: exogenous testosterone influences men's cross-sex perceptions of sexual interest.

The sexual misperception bias is a cognitive bias in which men tend to overestimate sexual interest from women, potentially shaped by evolutionary mating strategies. Testosterone, often linked to mating behaviors, might play a role in sustaining sexual overperceptions. To explore this possibility, we conducted a placebo-controlled study with 190 heterosexual men, administering either 11 mg of testosterone or a placebo. Participants interacted with an attractive female confederate, while naïve raters assessed the confederate's affiliative behaviors. Our findings suggest that exogenous testosterone did not broadly impact sexual overperception. However, we found that affiliative behavior from the confederate was positively correlated with perceived sexual interest among testosterone-treated, but not placebo-treated men. In addition, we found that this effect among testosterone-treated men was contingent on their self-perceived attractiveness. Specifically, the confederate's affiliative behaviors were positively correlated with perceived sexual interest, but only for testosterone-treated men with average or above average self-perceived attractiveness. Furthermore, our data revealed that men's tendency to project their own short-term and long-term mating interests increases as a function of self-perceived attractiveness, and this coupling is enhanced by testosterone for long-term interest. Taken together, these results suggest that testosterone may potentiate existing biases, particularly when sexual motivation is high, and bias perceptions of friendly behavior when engaging in cross-sex mindreading. This study adds to the understanding of the neuroendocrine bases of social cognition, suggesting that testosterone can affect men's perceptions of potential mates.

43 Involvement in active transport is related to organizational factors and physical environment infrastructure

Abstract Purpose Active transport (AT) is considered the most sustainable and accessible mode for travel purposes. AT (walking and cycling) contributes to health-enhancing physical activity as it is a convenient and accessible way to increase physical activity levels. Convenient infrastructure promotion and support are important factors in shift from motor transport towards active travel. The purpose of this study was to determine how organizational factors and neighbourhood physical environment differ between using and not using AT among the Lithuanian young adult population. Methods This cross-sectional study included 250 Lithuanian young adults aged 18-39 years, with a mean age of 20.38 years. Of these, 80% were women. AT was measured using the Stages of Change Model-based Questionnaire. Infrastructure was measured by ALPHA Questionnaire–REVISED (Spittals et al., 2010). Organization-related items were developed by study researchers. Results Young Lithuanian people preferred cars and/or public transport (62.4%) instead of active transportation (AT) (27.6%) when choosing mobility. The results support a strong link between AT and organizational aspects. AT is more often chosen by people who belong to an organization where environmentally friendly behaviour is encouraged (waste sorting, using AT (p = 0.018); conditions are created to safely store a bicycle or scooter (p = 0.024); that talks about sustainable development, environmentally friendly behaviour, sustainability, etc. (p = 0.034). Quality of the neighbourhood physical environment, such as maintained bicycle paths (p = 0.011), maintained sidewalks (p = 0.049), maintained parks, and other open spaces (p = 0.050) significantly associated with the choice of AT. However, the choice of active transport was not significantly related to the infrastructure of pedestrian zones or paths, infrastructure of special lanes, routes for bicycles, or separation of bicycle paths from car traffic. Conclusions Young people’s involvement in AT is influenced by the attitude of the organization in which they work or study towards environmentally friendly behaviour, AT, and sustainable development. The quality of the neighbourhood physical environment also determines the involvement of young people in AT.

Predictors of child restraint usage among Chinese parents

Objective: To investigate psychological predictors of the use of child restraints among Chinese parents following passage of national law requiring their use. Methods: Grounded in the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) and guidance from previous research, we developed and administered a questionnaire to assess child restraint usage and understand psychological factors that predict usage. 413 parents with child(ren) aged 0–8 years completed the questionnaire through the WenJuanXing online survey platform. Results: Among the 413 parents, 321 (77.7%) used child restraints regularly when taking their children on car trips, with the highest use reported among parents with children under 1 year (83.8%). Among the psychological predictors, willingness to use a restraint was the strongest predictor of intention and self-reported behavior to use restraints, but the predictive effect of intention on behavior was not significant. Descriptive norms – a belief that trusted friends and family use restraints – was the strongest predictor of behavior to use child restraints, and prototype favorability – the belief that prototypical parents of similar age and gender use restraints – also showed significant effects in predicting behavior. Conclusions: Following the passage of national laws requiring child restraints in China, it is becoming more common for parents to use restraints when their children travel by car. Parents’ use of child restraints for children follows a socially reactive (through willingness) decision-making path rather than a reasoned (through intention) decision-making pattern. The influence of the behavior of others, both trusted friends and family (descriptive norms) and prototypical similar parents (prototype favorability) are strong predictive factors for use of child restraints, suggesting prevention programs might leverage behavior of others to impact parents and encourage use of child restraints.

Product Characteristics and Emotions to Bridge the Intention-Behavior Gap in Green Food Purchasing

Promoting environmentally friendly behaviors is a pivotal strategy in addressing the climate crisis. The food industry’s impact on pollution and resource consumption underscores the importance of fostering eco-sustainable food consumption, which can significantly benefit the environment. However, despite the global surge in green purchase intentions, a noticeable discrepancy persists between these intentions and actual purchasing behavior. This study aimed to investigate the influence of various factors on the likelihood of purchasing green food. An online survey was administered to Italian adult consumers (n = 832, 66% female, aged 18–84 years), collecting sociodemographic data and assessing emotions related to green purchases, perceptions of green food characteristics, intention to buy green food, and frequency of green food purchases. Through cluster analysis, three distinct consumer categories emerged: Coherent Buyers (individuals willing to buy green food and actively doing so), Coherent Non-Buyers (individuals who have no intention to buy green food and do not buy it), and Non-Buyers with Favorable Intentions (individuals expressing willingness to buy green food but not following through with purchases). Results from multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that several factors influenced the likelihood of being categorized in the other two categories, as opposed to the Coherent Buyers one. These factors included younger age, a lower sense of pride associated with purchasing green products, and considering healthiness, natural content, and eco-sustainability of food less important and familiarity of green food more important. These findings provide valuable insights for marketers and policymakers, facilitating efforts to bridge the gap between green food intentions and behaviors and promote a shift toward a more eco-sustainable dietary pattern.

Does the Confucianism in audit firms enhance the corporate ESG Disclosure?

This paper examines the role of Confucian culture characterized by traditional virtues such as benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and trust in audit firms and corporate ESG disclosure. Using data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2021, we found that Confucian culture in audit firms significantly promotes the level of corporate ESG disclosure. We also tested the moderating effect of regional culture and corporate culture, and found that in regions with stronger merchant guild culture and higher levels of social trust, as well as in companies with a stronger culture of integrity and cooperation, the promotion effect of Confucian culture in audit firms on corporate ESG disclosure is more pronounced. Furthermore, we discovered that the closer the geographical distance between audit firms and client companies, the greater the positive impact of Confucian culture in audit firms on corporate ESG disclosure. Overall, this study reveals the modern value of Confucian traditional culture for the improvement of enterprises’ environmental friendly behaviors from the perspective of external audit, and highlighted the relevance of informal institutions in corporate governance.