Friendliness Level Research Articles

Behavioral and neural responses to social exclusion in women: the role of facial attractiveness and friendliness

The behavioral and neural responses to social exclusion were examined in women randomized to four conditions, varying in levels of attractiveness and friendliness. Informed by evolutionary theory, we predicted that being socially excluded by attractive unfriendly women would be more distressing than being excluded by unattractive women, irrespective of their friendliness level. Our results contradicted most of our predictions but provide important insights into women’s responses to interpersonal conflict. Accounting for rejection sensitivity, P300 event-related potential amplitudes were largest when women were excluded by unattractive unfriendly women. This may be due to an expectancy violation or an annoyance with being excluded by women low on social desirability. An examination of anger rumination rates by condition suggests the latter. Only attractive women’s attractiveness ratings were lowered in the unfriendly condition, indicating they were specifically punished for their exclusionary behavior. Women were more likely to select attractive women to compete against with one exception—they selected the Black attractive opponent less often than the White attractive opponent when presented as unfriendly. Finally, consistent with studies on retaliation in relation to social exclusion, women tended to rate competitors who rejected them as being more rude, more competitive, less attractive, less nice, and less happy than non-competitors. The ubiquity of social exclusion and its pointed emotional and physiological impact on women demands more research on this topic.

Damping of pressure pulsations in the fuel system of the motor

The paper presents results of works carried out to damp pressure pulsations in the fuel line of a gasoline engine to provide for the required environmental friendliness level. The paper describes testing of a modernized damped injector rail. Based on the obtained test results, conclusions were made on the efficiency of use of a fuel line damper reducing fuel pressure pulsations.

The Environmental Friendliness Level of Boat Bagan Fishing Gear in Belitung Regency

This research aimed to analyze the environmental friendliness level of boar bagan towards the amount of fish caught by the fishermen in Belitung Regency Waters and determined fish composition based on the type and the length of fish. The research was conducted in August 2019. The primary data collection technique used was purposive sampling technique while the secondary data was obtained from Tanjungpandan Archipelago Fisheries Port (Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Tanjungpandan/PPN). The research analyzed types of fish composition, proportion of main and bycatches, proportion of biologically worth caught fish, proportion of utilized catches, and eco-friendly analysis. Based on the results of research on the environmental friendliness level of boat bagan fishing gear in Belitung Regency Waters, it can be concluded that the boat bagan catch during the study obtained 10 species including fringescale sardinella (Sardinella fimbriata), spotted sardinella (Sardinella sirm), devis’ anchovy (Stoleporus devisi), squid (Loligo sp), short mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma), common ponyfish (Leiognathus equulus), largehead hairtail (Trichiurus sp), and yellowstrip scad (Selaroides leptolesis), large pelagic fish such as barracuda (Sphyraena sp), and demersal fish was also caught such as pufferfish (Tetraodo sp). Boat bagan fishing gear is classified as less environmentally friendly because 48% of fish caught was not mature, fish that are not the main target fish (bycatch) was 41%, and it catches more than 3 target fish species. However, the utilization of catch is quite good at 99,12%.

Development and Evaluation of the Disinhibited Social Engagement Scale (DSES): a Tool for Assessment and Guide for Counseling Practice

Disinhibited social engagement (DSE) has been highlighted as a salient issue impacting children from various life situations, such as adoption, foster care, and maltreatment. In tackling the twofold gap on knowledge and measurement of DSE, we developed the Disinhibited Social Engagement Scale (DSES) using parents of 88 internationally adopted children in the U.S. The final DSES is comprised of three evident factors: social discrimination and selectivity, physical and verbal closeness, and friendliness level. Findings of the study provide insights for counselors working with at-risk youth for DSE, including practical implications for assessment and counseling practice. The study also sheds light on future research directions.

The environmental friendliness level of the trammel net in Kuala Langsa, Langsa City, Aceh Province

The development of fishing activities in Kuala Langsa water can continually increase the number of trammel net. Statistical data showed that the number of trammel net in Langsa in 2013 was 84 units and the number increased to 152 units in 2016. The main target of trammel net is shrimp. Whereas in reality the most catches are fish, with different species, small sizes of fish and not sellable. The objective of the present study was to assess the enviromental friendliness level of trammel net to the environment. Data collection was carried out by experimental fishing, with 3 samples of purse seine ships and 3 catching trips each. The data collected were number of fishes, species and size of the length and weight of the fishes. Data were analyzed using Shannon diversity index, Simpson dominance index, and scoring analysis (based on the 9 criteria of CCRF (Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries) about the environmental friendliness level of fishing gear). The results showed that the catch species diversity index was average 0.80 (high diversity index; low fishing gear selectivity) and average of dominance index was 0.27 categorized as low dominance (no dominance of certain species). The total score of the enviromental friendliness level was 27 which means trammel net categorized as less friendly to the environment.

Problems of architectural organization of envi-ronmental and energy-efficient housing on the example of environmental blocked residential building in the Poltava city

The article investigates the tendencies of architectural organization of ecological and energy-efficient housing in Ukraine. The types of calculations were analyzed. The main directions of the decisions are made according to which it is necessary to make calculations of the energy efficiency of housing. Architectures-and-planning features with a constructive solution are the priorities in the frame of this study. The interaction and interconnection of the design scheme and the materials with the form of the building, which establishes certain restrictions or specifies a certain on-line of the volume-spatial and compositional-stylistic solution of the facades of the building is investigated. Local environmental materials with potential for reuse without polluting the environment are considered. It has been discovered that the great potential of environmental and accessibility among local traditional materials in Ukraine is such a renewable material as straw, which simply turns into building material and can easily be utilized after many years of use. The advantages and disadvantages of using straw blocks (panels) were analyzed. It is proposed to analyze the project of an energy-efficient residential building on the Lysenko street in the Poltava city (Chervonyi Shlach district). The main architectures-and-planning and space-spatial solutions of the house are described, the choice of basic constructions and building materials is grounded. The thermo-technical characteristics of the structures with the definition of the necessary cabling of heat-insulating materials are calculated. The rise of environmental friendliness level of the building in three directions is proved: 1 - ecological compatibility and elasticity of materials of the main consortia (walls and floors); 2 - reduction of energy for the manufacture of walls and installation (in the same way as conventional brick - less than 300 times); 3 - the cost of construction of 1 m2 of buildings with straw panels (blocks) can be 3 times less than traditional construction systems (brick, concrete floors). The article demonstrates the enhance of architectural, planning and design techniques on the energy efficiency of a building, for example, in the design of an environmental blocked residential building in the Poltava city.

Methodical approach to define external environment friendliness level of enterprise development

Methodical approach to define external environment friendliness level of enterprise development

Modeling of magnetic cooling power of manganite-based materials using computational intelligence approach

Magnetic refrigeration (MR) technology has been identified as a potential replacement for the gas compression system of refrigeration due to its environmental friendliness and high level of efficiency. This technology utilizes manganite-based materials as magnetic refrigerants due to the dependence of magnetic properties as well as relative cooling power (RCP) of this class of materials on the concentration and nature of the dopants. Quantifying the effect of dopants on RCP of manganite-based materials requires a long experimental procedures and techniques that are costly and time-consuming. In order to circumvent these challenges, we propose a model, based on support vector regression (SVR), which quickly estimates the RCP of doped manganite-based materials with high level of accuracy using crystal lattice constants as descriptors. The accuracy and ease with which the proposed SVR-based model estimates RCP of doped manganite-based materials is very promising and effective in designing MR system of desired RCP.

Level of Environmental Friendliness of Collapsible Trap Based in the Archipelagic Fishing Port of Karangantu Serang City Banten Province

The archipelagic fishing port of Karangantu is a main place of swimming crab fishing and processing in Serang City. The fisherman using collapsible trap to catch swimming crab in this port. The objective of this research is to analyze the environmental friendliness level of collapsible trap was used by fishermen. The research was carried out by experimental fishing method on 20th January –17th February 2015 using a collapsible trap that has a length x width x height: 41 cm x 29 cm x 18 cm. This research used four criteria for assessing the environmental friendliness is a high selectivity, low by-catch, high quality of catches and low impact to biodiversity. The catches consist of Portunus pelagicus (82%), Nibea albiflora (5%), Harpiosquilla raphidea (3%), Octopus sp. (3%), Epinephelus sp. (2%), Terapon jarbua (1.5%), Podopthalmus vigil (2%), and Charibydis feriatus (1.5%). The proportion of main catch of 86%, 97% of live catch, and diversity index of 0.84. The total scores is 20, its mean a collapsible trap is environmentally friendly of fishing gear to catch swimming crab.

Modulating adaptation to emotional faces by spatial frequency filtering.

In four experiments, we investigated the presence and strength of perceptual aftereffects to emotional faces, using spatial frequency filtering to manipulate awareness of emotional content. We presented angry and happy faces as adapters and used a control condition without adaptation. Participants were subsequently requested to judge the friendliness level of a neutral target face. We confirmed the well-known aftereffect for unfiltered emotional faces in Experiment 1. In the experiment, friendliness judgments were greater for the angry than the happy or the control condition. In Experiment 2, in which the "hidden" emotional expression contained in the low spatial frequencies (LSF) was superimposed to the neutral expression presented in the rest of SF of the same image (emotional hybrid faces), the difference in friendliness judgments between angry and happy was significant, but none of the two conditions significantly differed from the control. In Experiment 3, faces were presented at LSF, confirmed a difference between the two emotions, but only the judgments of angry faces differed from the control condition. In Experiment 4, we extended the initial finding to stimuli presented at middle and high spatial frequencies (M-HSF). Finally, a comparison among all experiments revealed that the aftereffect was stronger with angry faces filtered at M-HSF than all of the other filtering conditions, whereas there were no differences for happy faces. We conclude that spatial frequency filtering influences aftereffects and that these effects are also related to emotional awareness. The results are discussed with reference to the dual route model of visual perception.

The cerebral correlates of subliminal emotions: an eleoencephalographic study with emotional hybrid faces.

In a high-resolution electroencephalographic study, participants evaluated the friendliness level of upright and inverted 'hybrid faces', i.e. facial photos containing a subliminal emotional core in the low spatial frequencies (< 6 cycles/image), superimposed on a neutral expression in the rest of the spatial frequencies. Upright happy and angry faces were judged as more friendly or less friendly than neutral faces, respectively. We observed the time course of cerebral correlates of these stimuli with event-related potentials (ERPs), confirming that hybrid faces elicited the posterior emotion-related and face-related components (P1, N170 and P2), previously shown to be engaged by non-subliminal emotional stimuli. In addition, these components were stronger in the right hemisphere and were both enhanced and delayed by face inversion. A frontal positivity (210-300 ms) was stronger for emotional than for neutral faces, and for upright than for inverted faces. Hence, hybrid faces represent an original approach in the study of subliminal emotions, which appears promising for investigating their electrophysiological correlates.

Right hemisphere or valence hypothesis, or both? The processing of hybrid faces in the intact and callosotomized brain

The valence hypothesis and the right hemisphere hypothesis in emotion processing have been alternatively supported. To better disentangle the two accounts, we carried out two studies, presenting healthy participants and an anterior callosotomized patient with ‘hybrid faces’, stimuli created by superimposing the low spatial frequencies of an emotional face to the high spatial frequencies of the same face in a neutral expression. In both studies we asked participants to judge the friendliness level of stimuli, which is an indirect measure of the processing of emotional information, despite this remaining “invisible”. In Experiment 1 we presented hybrid faces in a divided visual field paradigm using different tachistoscopic presentation times; in Experiment 2 we presented hybrid chimeric faces in canonical view and upside-down. In Experiments 3 and 4 we tested a callosotomized patient, with spared splenium, in similar paradigms as those used in Experiments 1 and 2. Results from Experiments 1 and 3 were consistent with the valence hypothesis, whereas results of Experiments 2 and 4 were consistent with the right hemisphere hypothesis. This study confirms that the low spatial frequencies of emotional faces influence the social judgments of observers, even when seen for 28ms (Experiment 1), possibly by means of configural analysis (Experiment 2). The possible roles of the cortical and subcortical emotional routes in these tasks are discussed in the light of the results obtained in the callosotomized patient. We propose that the right hemisphere and the valence accounts are not mutually exclusive, at least in the case of subliminal emotion processing.