Consumption Of Fried Foods Research Articles

Nutrition literacy and eating habits in children from food-secure versus food-insecure households: A cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to explore whether maternal food and nutrition literacy (FNL) can mitigate negative effects of food insecurity on children's eating habits and assist food-insecure households in making better nutrition choices with limited resources available. A cross-sectional study was conducted on children aged 6 to 12 years and their mothers. FNL was assessed using a validated Food and Nutrition Literacy Assessment Tool, and household food security was evaluated with the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Eating habits were measured through a structured questionnaire that focused on various dietary habits. Logistic regression was used to determine the associations between maternal FNL, food insecurity status, and children's eating habits. A total of 327 children-mothers, comprising 159 food-secure and 168 food-insecure households, were evaluated. Maternal FNL was inversely associated with consumption of fast-foods and fried foods, and skipping breakfast in both food-secure and food-insecure participants. However, only food-secure participants showed an inverse association between FNL and the habit of eating out. Both groups indicated lower sweet consumption associated with higher FNL. Maternal FNL was inversely associated with lower dairy and nut intake in food-secure group and lower fruit and vegetable consumption in food-insecure participants. This study suggests that in conditions of food insecurity FNL may reduce the negative impact of food insecurity on children's nutrition choices and food habits.

Sociodemographic correlates of dietary habits among university students of health sciences in Kosovo

We aimed to assess the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of selected dietary habits among students of health sciences in Kosovo. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kosovo in 2024, including 470 students of health sciences (≈86% females; mean age: 20.7±2.7 years; response rate: 70%). Information on selected dietary habits and sociodemographic factors of the students was gathered. Independent positive correlates of a lower fruit intake (<1 time/day) included male gender (OR=2.3, 95% CI =1.3-4.2) and a lower economic level (OR=1.5, 95% CI =1.0-2.3). Furthermore, positive independent correlates of a higher frequency of consumption of fried foods (≥1 time/day) included male gender (OR=2.2, 95% CI =1.2-4.1), urban residence (OR=1.6, 95% CI =1.0-2.6) and a lower economic level (OR=1.7, 95% CI =1.0-2.7). Conversely, excessive salt intake was positively and strongly correlated to a lower economic level (OR=3.5, 95% CI =2.1-6.0), but inversely related to students’ age (OR=0.4, 95% CI =0.2-0.9). Male gender and particularly a lower economic level were strong correlates of poor dietary habits among university students in Kosovo. Targeted interventions are needed to address dietary habits among youths, with a focus on providing support and resources to economically disadvantaged individuals.

Urban-rural differences in food consumption and central obesity among middle-aged adults: A cross-sectional population study in Indonesia

Background: The prevalence of central obesity is increasing in many regions, including low- and middle-income countries. It has been identified that a poor diet has become a significant risk factor for central obesity. However, the relationship between diet and the prevalence of central obesity among rural and urban communities remains unclear in low- and middle-income countries. Aim: This study aimed to analyze the association of food consumption with central obesity among middle-aged adults (45–59 years) in urban and rural areas in Indonesia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from a national survey (Indonesia Basic Health Survey) in Indonesia in 2018. A total of 154,449 subjects were analyzed for the study. We used the International Diabetes Federation to define central obesity. Food consumption was measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the association between food consumption and central obesity. Results: Frequent consumption of refined desserts, fried food, processed food, and inadequate consumption of fruit was significantly associated with central obesity in urban and rural areas ( p < 0.05). In contrast, frequent consumption of seasoning and inadequate consumption of vegetables was significantly associated with central obesity only in rural areas ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Food consumption has a different association with central obesity risk in rural and urban areas in Indonesia.

The Results of the "My Challenge" Camp in Addressing Childhood Obesity.

This article presents the development, implementation and results of the project "An interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of overweight children" under the name "My Challenge" camp. It is a 2-week multidisciplinary programme involving a physician, a dietitian, a psychologist, an occupational therapist or physiotherapist and a kinesiologist. The children stay in camp for 2 weeks and are actively involved in the daily preparation of healthy meals, participate in cooking workshops and interactive nutrition lessons, and are active outdoors throughout the programme. The study included 117 overweight or obese children, aged 7-18 years, 66 girls and 51 boys from ten camps between 2017 and 2023. Completed dietary questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were compared at baseline, after 2 weeks, and after 1 month. Changes in children's diets include an increase in meal frequency, in higher vegetables, fish, and seafood consumption, lower consumption of fried food and reduced consumption of sugary drinks. Boys more frequently consume fried food than girls and less frequently consume milk and dairy products. After one month, there was a decrease in body fat percentage, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in both genders. The "My Challenge" camp demonstrates promising outcomes in combating childhood obesity. Through a two-week multidisciplinary programme, significant improvements in dietary habits and anthropometric measures were observed. The findings underscore the importance of preventive education programmes for children in addressing the long-term health consequences of obesity. Further research and continued implementation of such initiatives are warranted to effectively tackle this public health issue.

Feeding rats with used cooking oil elevates malondialdehyde, TNF-α, and creatinine compared to tempe fried with used oil.

In vivo studies on the hazards of deep-fried foods were commonly done by feeding used-or heated-cooking oil to rats. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feeding tempe deep-fried in palm, olive, and coconut oils and the used frying oil on the blood biochemical profile of laboratory rats. An in vivo randomized control group study with pre-test and post-test was conducted. This study included healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 2-3 months and weighing 100-200 grams. After acclimatization, the rats were randomly assigned to seven groups, which were: (1) regular diet (control diet); (2) diet of tempe deep-fried in 5× used palm oil (Tempe-in-used-Po); (3) diet of tempe deep-fried in 5× used coconut oil (Tempe-in-used-Co); (4) diet of tempe deep-fried in 5× used olive oil (Tempe-in-used-Oo); (5) diet of 5× used palm oil (Used-Po); (6) diet of 5× used coconut oil (Used-Co); and (7) diet of 5× used olive oil (Used-Oo). Each rat received 15 grams of a treatment diet daily and blood samples were collected after four weeks for a complete blood count and serum biochemistry analysis. The results showed that the final body weight and the weight gain of Tempe-in-used-Po, Tempe-in-used-Co, Tempe-in-used-Oo group, and Used-Po groups increased significantly compared to the control, Used-Co, and Used-Oo groups. However, there was a significant increase in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the Used-Co and Used-Oo groups (p<0.05), suggesting the used oil's detrimental effect. The Used-Co and Used-Oo were the only two groups whose creatinine increased significantly (p<0.05). Subsequently, only the Used-Oo group had a significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level compared to all groups (p<0.05). These results prove that the effect of feeding fried food differs from used oils. Feeding used oil did not reflect the consumption of fried foods as part of the whole diet and generally resulted in more harmful effects. This is the first study to report an in vivo rat feeding study of deep-fried tempe and the used oil as part of the diet.

Refugee and immigrants’ food consumption, housing and sociodemographic characteristics in southern Brazil

ObjectiveTo describe the food consumption of immigrants and refugees in a city in southern Brazil and evaluate the associations with sociodemographic and housing characteristics.MethodThis is a cross-sectional study with users of an association specialized in assisting refugees and immigrants in Porto Alegre-RS. Individuals aged 18 or over of both sexes with an understanding of Portuguese were included. An online questionnaire with sociodemographic, housing, and food characteristics was available to service users, and data analysis was performed using SPSS, considering p < 0.05.ResultsThe study included 68 individuals, predominantly women (76.5%) with a mean age of 34.39 (± 8.9) years and mainly from Venezuela. The food group most frequently consumed daily was the cereal group. Groups such as legumes and vegetables, meat and eggs, biscuits, and cold meats presented a higher weekly consumption frequency. Fruit, Brazil nuts and walnuts, dairy products, regular soda, ready-made desserts, frozen ready-made meals, and fried foods had the highest monthly consumption. There was an association between the consumption of fried foods and sex, cereal consumption and self-declared color, the consumption of biscuits, chocolate drinks, schooling, and cold meats consumption and age.ConclusionIn this study we observed that men consumed more fried foods than women and low education level was associated with the frequent consumption of biscuits, chocolate drinks, ham, salami or mortadella and ready-made meals. This study allowed us to investigate the profile and diet of people among refugees and immigrants in the South of Brazil since most of the data on food consumption of this type of population are from the North, and these regions are different in relation to socioeconomic characteristics. It is essential to become aware of the health and food situation of this population group to assist in the acculturation process and ensure adequate reception.

A study on the configuration of factors influencing overweight and obesity in adolescents based on fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis.

Overweight and obesity among adolescents are grave public health issues around the world. Although the conditions that contribute to obesity have been extensively researched, little is known about how multiple conditions interact to cause overweight and obesity. The current study intends to investigate the histomorphic configuration pathways of several conditions of adolescent overweight and obesity by gender. The data came from a social survey conducted in June 2021 in Changchun, Jilin Province, China. The sample collected was 14-year-old adolescents, including 167 boys and 137 girls. The school physicians examined the participants' weight and height, and questionnaires were used to collect risk indicators from adolescents, such as sleep duration, electronic screens times, consumption of sugary drinks and fried foods, and physical activity. Simultaneously, a Fuzzy Qualitative Comparative Analysis will be performed to investigate the combinations of diverse conditions. We found that there is no determining necessary condition that, once present, directly determines that an individual is in a state of overweight and obesity. Simultaneously, this study revealed nine alternative configurational paths of overweight and obesity in teenagers of different genders, with a concordance of 0.805 for six male groupings and 0.916 for three female groupings. The outcomes of overweight obesity in adolescents under different genders are similar but not identical. This study examined the interactions of a number of conditions from the individual, behavioral, learning and living environment that led to the same overweight obese outcome among adolescents of different genders. Our research will be useful to policymakers in that interventions should take into account the combined effects of a number of different aspects rather than focusing on a single factor that causes overweight and obesity.

The Relationship Between Fried Food Consumption, Alcohol Consumption, and Nutritional Knowledge of "Isi Piringku Model T" with the Incidence of Overweight in 19-44 years Adult in Indonesia

The prevalence of overweight in Indonesia increased very quickly from 8.6% in 2007 to 11.5% in 2013, and increased to 13.6% in 2018. This research aims to determine the relationship between fried food consumption patterns and consumption patterns. alcohol, and nutritional knowledge of "Isi Piringku Model T" with the incidence of overweight at the age of 19-44 years in Indonesia. Respondents in this study numbered 581 from all over Indonesia and were aged 19-44 years. The sampling technique was non-random sampling technique with consecutive sampling method. This research uses a cross sectional research design. The data collection instrument uses a questionnaire via Google Form. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and Chi Square test. The results showed that the type and frequency of fried food consumption, status, frequency, amount of alcohol consumption, and nutritional knowledge of "Isi Piringku Model T" showed a relationship that was not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05). Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between consumption of fried foods, alcohol consumption, nutritional knowledge of "Isi Piringku Model T" and the incidence of overweight in adults aged 19-44 years in Indonesia.

Prevalence and Determinants of Obesity and Overweight Among Children and Adolescents in the Middle East and North African Countries: An Updated Systematic Review.

In recent years, the countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have experienced alarming increases in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity. This updated systematic review sought to measure the prevalence and determinants of obesity and overweight among children and adolescents in MENA countries. A literature search for relevant observational studies published in English was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Saudi Digital Library. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Twenty-one published articles during the past five years were included in the systematic review. Varied approaches were used to diagnose childhood overweight and obesity, including the International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF), Centre for Disease Control (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), and Saudi Growth Pattern Curves. We found that the combined prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in the Middle East is up to 49.4%, depending on the methods applied in their studies. Risk factors identified were age, male gender, lack of sufficient physical activity, consumption of fried food, perceived stress level, number of family members, family size, mother's occupation, education level, family history of obesity, high energy consumption from carbohydrates, ≥2 hours spent on watching television on weekend days with overweight, and always eating breakfast while watching television with obesity. The results of this review indicate that the issue of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in the Middle East is substantial and concerning. Most of the risk factors identified are modifiable and, if given appropriate attention, could significantly reduce the burden of associated chronic complications.

Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Factors Associated with Gastric Cancer

Numerous studies have investigated the associations between dietary components, behavioral patterns, and susceptibility to gastric cancer (GC). Diet and lifestyle cover a spectrum of both protective and harmful factors associated with GC. Additionally, non-modifiable factors such as age, gender, blood type, family history, and genetic predispositions may influence GC development. This review aims to explore the interplay between modifiable and non-modifiable factors, along with dietary habits and lifestyle practices, in relation to GC risk and the potential underlying mechanisms. We have synthesized the primary findings of observational studies (case-control and cohort), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses pertaining to preventive and deleterious factors affecting the incidence of gastric cancer. A literature search was conducted on Google Scholar, MEDLINE (PubMed), ScienceDirect, and Scopus for articles published in English from 2001 to 2024. The main search terms included body weight and body fat; diet; fruits and vegetables; meats and processed meats; fried and fast foods; milk and dairy products; salty foods; food and dietary patterns; fat and sweets intake; alcohol consumption; smoking; physical activity; age; sex; family history; blood type; genetics; and medication, and the risk of gastric cancer. Unhealthy dietary patterns, consumption of fried and fast foods, salty foods, alcohol, and smoking have been associated with an increased risk of GC. Non-modifiable factors such as advanced age, male sex, family history, genetics, and blood type A were linked to an elevated risk of GC. Conversely, physical activity and high consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables may prevent GC occurrence due to the presence of antioxidants, fiber, and polyphenols. While many studies have demonstrated that dietary patterns loaded with red and processed meats were associated with a high risk of GC, others have yielded inconclusive results. Controversial findings regarding the relationship between body weight and body fat, medications, milk and dairy products, and fat and sweets consumption with the risk of GC were also observed. Adequate diet modification and addressing preventable factors may play a pivotal role in reducing the incidence of gastric cancer.

Incidence Rates of Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer's Early Symptoms in the Community in Gondanglegi District, Malang, East Java, Indonesia: An Epidemiological Study

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. CRC is most typical symptom is hematochezia while the risk factors encompass sex, age, genetic predispositions, history of colorectal polyps or cancer, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, physical exercise, and specific dietary choices, including high red meat intake, fried food, and low fiber consumption. This study aims to screen the risk factors of colorectal cancer.Subjects and Method: This research was conducted on residents in the Sepanjang village, Malang Regency, involved in community service by the Internist Association of Malang. Community service was carried out in July 2023 and 148 residents were involved in collecting data on risk factors for colorectal carcinoma. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire with a cross-sectional approach. The questionnaire assesses the presence of symptoms of bloody stools and several habits related to colorectal carcinoma risk factors, including age, gender, exercise routine, and dietary history. Data presentation and analysis were carried out as in the table.Results: Among the risk factors listed assessed using the questionnaire, Men (p=0.021), lack of exercise (p= 0.008), consumption of fried food (p= 0.021), and consumption of instant noodles (p= 0.013) significantly affect the prevalence of hematochezia.Conclusion: Men, lack of exercise, consumption of fried food, and consumption of instant noodles significantly affect the hematochezia indicating CRC.

Diet Intake After Diet Modification Intervention in Women With Fecal Incontinence.

Older women with fecal incontinence (FI) who underwent diet modification intervention (DMI) showed significant improvement in FI symptoms. It is unclear whether improvement in symptoms was associated with objective changes in dietary intake quality. The primary aim was to determine if improvement in overall dietary intake quality was associated with improvement in FI symptoms. Our secondary aim was to evaluate whether individual food group consumption changes were associated with changes in FI symptoms. This was an ancillary analysis of a prospective cohort study of women aged 65 years and older with FI who underwent DMI. Seven-day diet-and-bowel diaries at baseline and 6 weeks after DMI were examined for how frequently participants consumed food categories and FI triggers. Adherence to recommended dietary guidelines was assessed between 2 and 4 weeks using a 24-hour diet recall. Baseline and postintervention consumption were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Spearman correlation was used to compare dietary intake changes with FI symptom changes. Twenty-four women completed the 24-hour diet recalls, and 17 women completed the 7-day diet-and-bowel diaries at baseline and 6 weeks. More participants who were adherent had clinically significant improvement in symptoms compared with those who were not adherent (70% vs 30%, P =0.57). Decreased consumption of saturated fats ( P =0.01) and fried foods ( P <0.001) was associated with improvement in FI symptoms. In this small population, overall dietary intake quality was not associated with change in FI symptom improvement. Decreased intake of saturated fat and fried food was associated with FI symptom improvement.

Modulation of fried spring roll wrapper quality upon treatment of batter with maltogenic amylase, transglutaminase and bromelain.

Fried foods are favored for their unique crispiness, golden color and flavor, but they also face great challenge because of their high oil content, high calories and the existence of compounds such as acrylamide and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Long-term consumption of fried foods may adversely affect health. Therefore, it is necessary to explore fried foods with lower oil contents and a high quality to meet the demand. A method of enzyme treatment was explored to investigate the effects of maltogenic amylase (MA), transglutaminase (TG) and bromelain (BRO) on the physicochemical properties of the batter and the quality of fried spring roll wrapper (FSRW). The results showed that the MA-, TG- or BRO-treated batters had a significant shear-thinning behavior, especially with an increase in viscosity upon increasing TG contents. FSRW enhanced its fracturability from 419.19 g (Control) to 616.50 g (MA-6 U g-1), 623.49 g (TG-0.75 U g-1) and 644.96 g (BRO-10 U g-1). Meanwhile, in comparison with BRO and MA, TG-0.5 U g-1 endowed batter with the highest density and thermal stability. MA-15 U g-1 and TG-0.5 U g-1 displayed FSRW with uniform and dense pores, and significantly reduced its oil content by 18.05% and 25.02%, respectively. Moreover, compared to MA and TG, BRO-50 U g-1 improved the flavor of FSRW. MA, TG or BRO played a key role in affecting the physicochemical properties of the batter and the quality of FSRW. TG-0.5 U g-1 remarkly reduced the oil content of FSRW with a great potential in practical application. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Abstract 121: Gut microbiome association with dietary habits and abemaciclib-induced diarrhea:A multicenter, prospective study

Abstract Background: Abemaciclib, a leading treatment used for HR-positive, HER2-negative metastatic and primary breast cancer patients, often causes diarrhea. Understanding the reasons machinery behind this adverse event leads to reduce the toxicity and improve the quality of life. This study explores a hypothesis that specific gut microbiota profiles are engaged in gastrointestinal toxicities caused by abemaciclib and may be influenced by patients' dietary habits. We assessed it using the Brief Diet History Questionnaire (BDHQ). Materials and Methods: Our research involved collecting blood and stool samples, as well as dietary data through the BDHQ from 39 patients diagnosed with HR-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. These were obtained prior to the start of abemaciclib treatment, at the first imaging evaluation, and at either disease progression or treatment discontinuation due to adverse effects. Incidence and severity of diarrhea were evaluated by the Bristol stool scale at baseline, from day 1 to day 14, and at day 90 of treatment. Stool samples were collected at baseline and at day 90 after the start of abemaciclib treatment. We conducted 16S metagenomic sequencing for gut microbiome analysis and used mass cytometry along with RNA-sequencing to profile immune cells. Results: Our findings indicate a significant association between the gut microbiota composition and abemaciclib-induced diarrhea, which also appears to be modulated by dietary patterns. An increase in Dorea was observed with higher Bristol Stool Scale scores, while Bifidobacterium and Sellimonas abundances were inversely related to changes in stool characteristics. The presence of Dorea was also positively associated with the consumption of specific food items such as tea, root vegetables, and dietary minerals. In contrast, Collinsella abundance decreased as the frequency of diarrhea increased and it was associated with the consumption of fried foods and certain fats. Conclusion: The prevalence of diarrhea as a side effect of abemaciclib treatment highlights the need for better management strategies. Our study indicates that gut microbiota, altered by dietary habits, is linked to this adverse effect. The data suggest a possibility of using specific gut bacteria as probiotics to alleviate this condition, pointing towards personalized dietary interventions as a potential avenue for improving treatment tolerance. Citation Format: Yuri Fujimoto, Kosuke Kawaguchi, Yurina Maeshima, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Kazuhiko Yamagami, Sachiko Takahara, Hirofumi Suwa, Masae Torii, Shigenori Nagai, Yasuaki Sagara, Wakako Tsuji, Hiroyasu Yamashiro, Takeshi Kotake, Shinji Fukuda, Kuniaki Saito, Yasuko Yamamoto, Masako Kataoka, Yuki Himoto, Atsushi Yonezawa, Yukiko Fukui, Yuki Nakamura, Wei Li, Sunao Tanaka, Masahiro Takada, Satoshi Morita, Masakazu Toi. Gut microbiome association with dietary habits and abemaciclib-induced diarrhea:A multicenter, prospective study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 121.

Food insecurity is associated with low diet quality and unhealthy cooking and eating habits in Iranian women

BackgroundFood insecurity affects diet and nutrition intakes. We explored the relationship between food insecurity and dietary intakes in a group of Iranian women.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was performed on 190 healthy females aged 20–55 years attending primary healthcare centers in Shiraz. Food insecurity was evaluated by Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, which is a validated tool for assessing food insecurity in developing countries. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The association of dietary patterns and food insecurity was assessed by linear regression.ResultsAssessment of dietary intakes revealed that consumption of red meat, poultry, fish, dairy, fruits, non-starchy vegetables, and nuts decreased whereas that of grains, processed meats, potato, and sugary foods increased with increasing food insecurity. Among nutrients, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, folic acid, potassium, calcium, and magnesium decreased while fat and sodium increased as food insecurity increased. Three major dietary patterns were detected. Healthy dietary patterns showed inverse associations with food insecurity in the crude (β = -0.422 and − 0.435, P < 0.001) and adjusted (adjusted for age, marital status, and educational level) (β = -0.475 and − 0.341, P < 0.001) models of regression analysis but unhealthy pattern did not show an association with food insecurity. Compared to food secure participants, a higher percentage of food insecure individuals indicated unhealthy eating habits, such as skipping breakfast, lower snack ingestion, more fast and fried food consumption, and using unhealthy cooking methods.ConclusionOverall, this study showed that food insecurity was associated with less healthy diet and unhealthy cooking and eating habits.

Assessing the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with multimorbidity in reproductive aged women in India

BackgroundReproductive span is the foundation of every woman’s health in later life. India is currently facing a growing burden of multiple morbidities among the women in their reproductive age group which may further increase over the coming decades. The purpose of the present study aimed to identify different modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors affecting multimorbidity among the women in reproductive age group in Indian context.MethodsSecondary data were obtained from the Demography and Health Survey (DHS), conducted in India during 2019–2021. A total of 671,967 women aged 15–49 years were selected for this present study. Descriptive, association studies and multinominal logistic regression analyses were performed to accomplish the objectives.ResultsCurrently, 6.3% of total study participant’s reproductive age group women suffered from multimorbidity in India. Never consuming protein, fruits, vegetables and milk increase the chances of developing multimorbidity. Consumption of fried foods, aerated drinks and addiction towards tobacco and alcohol also has a greater influence on the prevalence of multimorbidity. The prevalence of multimorbidity is sharply increased with increasing age and Body Mass Index (BMI). Regionally, the prevalence of multimorbidity was found more among the women hailed from eastern and north-eastern India.ConclusionTo reduce the risk of developing multimorbidity, targeted interventions are needed in the form of educating every woman concerning the importance of having minimum health-related knowledge, maintaining healthy lifestyle, weight management and having proper and balanced diet.

Exploring the triggers of premature and early menopause in India: a comprehensive analysis based on National Family Health Survey, 2019–2021

Due to ovarian insufficiency, some women attain menopause at an early age due to lifestyle factors and hormonal imbalances. Menopause occurring before the age of 40 is premature and between 40 and 44 years age is early, since the natural age of menopause lies between 45 and 50. The study estimated the prevalence of both premature and early menopause, and examined the potential associated factors that could trigger its occurrence in India. The National Family Health Survey, conducted during 2019–2021, was used to fulfil the study objective. The study sample was divided into two parts, with age group 15–39 and 40–44 for estimating premature and early menopause, respectively. Cox-proportional hazard model was used for the multivariate analysis. The estimated prevalence of premature menopause is 2.2% and early menopause is 16.2%. Lower educational level, poor economic condition, smoking, fried food consumption, early age at menarche are some of the significant explanatory factors. In India, both the proportion and the absolute number of post-menopausal women are growing, therefore it is critical to revamp public reproductive healthcare facilities to include menopausal health segment in women's health as well. Future detailed micro-studies would help in better understanding of the premature or early menopausal cases.

Habitual Daily Intake of Fried Foods Raises Transgenerational Inheritance Risk of Heart Failure Through NOTCH1-Triggered Apoptosis.

Consumption of fried foods is highly prevalent in the Western dietary pattern. Western diet has been unfavorably linked with high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Heart failure (HF) as a cardiovascular disease subtype is a growing global pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. However, the causal relationship between long-term fried food consumption and incident HF remains unclear. Our population-based study revealed that frequent fried food consumption is strongly associated with 15% higher risk of HF. The causal relationship may be ascribed to the dietary acrylamide exposure in fried foods. Further cross-sectional study evidenced that acrylamide exposure is associated with an increased risk of HF. Furthermore, we discover and demonstrate that chronic acrylamide exposure may induce HF in zebrafish and mice. Mechanistically, we reveal that acrylamide induces energy metabolism disturbance in heart due to the mitochondria dysfunction and metabolic remodeling. Moreover, acrylamide exposure induces myocardial apoptosis via inhibiting NOTCH1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling. In addition, acrylamide exposure could affect heart development during early life stage, and the adverse effect of acrylamide exposure is a threat for next generation via epigenetic change evoked by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). In this study, we reveal the adverse effects and underlying mechanism of fried foods and acrylamide as a typical food processing contaminant on HF from population-based observations to experimental validation. Collectively, these results both epidemiologically and mechanistically provide strong evidence to unravel the mechanism of acrylamide-triggered HF and highlight the significance of reducing fried food consumption for lower the risk of HF.

Prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Iran: A cross-sectional analysis from the PERSIAN cohort.

This study assessed the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a general adult population in Iran. The association between GERD and various factors was also evaluated. We performed a cross-sectional study on 163,018 individuals aged over 35 who were enrolled in the PERSIAN cohort. GERD was defined as the occurrence of heartburn and/or regurgitation symptoms at least several days a month. Survey design analysis for pooled data was performed and multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent risk factors for GERD. The prevalence of GERD in our study was estimated at 21.86% (95% confidence interval:17.4%-36.4%). The mean age of the participants was 49.84 years±9.25 (35-70) and 44.75% of the participants were male. Symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation were reported in 18.65% (n: 29,170) and 6.06% (n: 9,717) of participants, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, several factors were found to be associated with a higher prevalence of GERD: female sex, age >50, current smoking, opium use, weekly consumption of fried foods, frequent consumption of hot tea, less than 6 hours of sleep per night, psychiatric disorders, usage of NSAIDs, and poor oral hygiene, were associated with a higher prevalence of GERD. Conversely, higher education levels and average physical activity were found to be less commonly associated with GERD. We found a relatively high prevalence of GERD (21.86%) in this population-based study in Iran. By identifying modifiable risk factors, this research offers opportunities for targeted interventions and lifestyle modifications to reduce the burden of GERD.

Fried food consumption, genetic risk, and incident obesity: a prospective study.

Background and aims: Genetic and dietary factors contribute to adiposity risk, but little evidence supports genetic personalization of fried food intake recommendations for the management of obesity. This study aimed to assess the associations between fried food consumption and adiposity incidence and whether the associations were modified by an individual's genotype. Methods: We included 27 427 participants who had dietary data assessed by a validated 24 h dietary recall and available anthropometric information from the UK Biobank study. The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated using 940 BMI associated variants. Results: With an average of 8.1 years of follow-up, 1472 and 2893 participants were defined as having overall obesity and abdominal obesity, respectively. Individuals in the highest categories of fried food consumption were positively associated with the risk of obesity (HR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.10-1.56) and abdominal obesity (HR = 1.27; 95% CI 1.12-1.45) compared with the lowest categories. Moreover, fried food consumption had a significant interatction with obesity GRS for abdominal obesity risk (P interaction = 0.016). Fried food intake was associated with a higher abdominal obesity risk (HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.25-2.00) among participants with a lower genetic risk. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that fried food consumption had a higher abdominal obesity risk among individuals with a lower genetic risk, suggesting the restriction of fried food intake for this group of people.