Freshwater Fish Labeo Rohita Research Articles

Toxic Effects of Lead Chloride (PbCl2) on Behavioral, Hematological, and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Labeo rohita

Background. Lead (Pb) is an extremely toxic metal in aqueous environments. Fish are highly susceptible to the lethal effects of lead exposure since it induces toxicity in fish, with oxidative stress causing neurotoxicity. Moreover, lead affects immune responses in exposed fish. This study aimed to determine the numerous lethal effects of lead exposure, comprising oxidative stress, immune responses, and neurotoxicity. It also aimed to identify its indicators to assess the degree of lead toxicity. Method. Freshwater fish Labeo rohita, (number of fish = 60), with body weight (70–120 g), were divided into one control and three experimental groups namely T1, T2, and T3 (0.44mg/l, 0.89mg/l, and 1.34 mg/l), randomly. For comparative analysis of changes in hematological and biochemical parameters, samples were collected on 7th, 14th, and 21st day. Results. There was a significant increment in WBC. While, RBCs count, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit were significantly decreased in treated groups as compared to the control group. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MHC) and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) indicated a non-significant reduction in lead treated groups as compared to the control. On the other hand, serum biochemical parameters comprising total proteins (TP), albumin, and globulin reduced significantly (p<0.05). Simultaneously, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol, and glucose significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the treated groups compared to control. Conclusion. The study showed that lead chloride exposure can adversely alternate hematological and biochemical parameters in Labeo rohita, even in minor concentrations

Histopathological alterations in the vital organs of Indian major carp Labeo rohita exposed to monosodium glutamate (MSG)

BackgroundMonosodium glutamate (MSG E621) is one of the most popular flavouring agents of modern times and is widely used in many commercially packed food and even in house hold cooking. Previous studies revealed that excessive intake of MSG in diet causes obesity, metabolic defects, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats, but no reports are available in the literature about the ecotoxicological assessment of MSG by using fishes as a bioindicators. Since fishes are important consumer in aquatic food chain and directly linked with human health status, the present study was aimed to investigate the impact of MSG in freshwater fish Labeo rohita by using histological biomarkers.ResultsNinety-six h-LC50 of MSG to Labeo rohita was determined (1.5 g/L), and fish exposed to sub-lethal concentration of MSG (1/10th of 96 h-LC50 concentration of MSG (150 mg/L)) showed distinguished behavioural changes like erratic movement, loss of appetite and excessive mucous secretion all over the body as an adaptive syndrome to avoid the direct exposure to MSG in the medium. Histopathological analysis clearly depicts severe damages in the vital organs of fish. In gills, epithelial necrosis, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, primary and secondary gill lamellae degeneration, oedema, fusion of adjacent secondary lamellae and rupture of gill epithelium were observed. The intensity of tissue damage was increased as the exposure period was extended. The liver displayed vein congestion, vacuole formation, degeneration in parenchymal cells and bile stagnation, whereas MSG-treated kidney tissue showed high interstitial inflammation. Among the vital organs gill and liver displayed the highest histopathological alterations.ConclusionsThe present study clearly demonstrated that MSG is toxic to fish and able to cause significant damages in the vital organs as the exposure period was extended. Since the studies on the toxicity of MSG to fish are rare, the present investigation may contribute to the scarce literature on sub-lethal toxicity of MSG to freshwater fishes.

Influence of Different Levels of Cyanazine on Blood Picture of Labeo rohita

The freshwater fish Labeo rohita is found in Asian countries and around the world. Cyanazine herbicide produce extensive threat to freshwater fishes and used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. Subsequently, freshwater ecosystem was facing potential risk due to extensive application of this herbicide. Objective: To find the toxic effects of cyanazine on hematological parameters of Labeo rohita. Methods: For this purpose, fish was divided into four groups. Ten fish were introduced into each group. The group 1 was taken as control group. The group 2, 3 and 4 were treated groups and exposed to different concentration of cyanazine 3µgL-1, 6µgL-1 and 8µgL-1 respectively. Results: The current study showed that WBC, RBC, HGB and HCT increased while the MCV, MCH, MCHC and PLT decreased significantly. Conclusions: Hematological parameters of L. rohita were significantly affected by exposure to Cyanazine. These alterations indicate that Cyanazine can potentially disrupt the fish's hematological balance, which could have implications for its overall healt

Influence of Cypermethrin and Chelating Properties of 2r, 4c-Bis(p-Methoxyphenyl)-7c-(t- Butyl)-3-Azabicyclo (3.3.1) Nonan-9-One Oxime on Ultra structure of Gill and liver

The toxic effects of cypermethrin on the ultrastructure of the gills and liver of the freshwater fish Labeo rohita's gills and liver were studied. The purpose was to see if pesticide concentrations and exposure time influenced the degree and nature of ultrascture alterations in exposed fish's gills and liver. Selected fish were exposed to a mixture of 5% concentrations of the LC50 of cypermethrin for both short and long periods of time. The gills and liver of specimens subjected to 120 hours experienced similar hyper structural alterations. Clearly indicating a harmful response to both pesticide doses. These ultra structural changes included lesions such as oedema in the primary and secondary lamellae, fusion of neighbouring secondary lamellae, and epithelial layer lifting, hyalinization, hepatocyte vacuolation, cellular swelling, and blood vessel congestion. The amount of the exposure period, however, had an effect on the degree of these hyper structural alterations.

Potentials of Aloe barbadensis inclusion in fish feeds on resilience to Aeromonas hydrophila infection infreshwater fish Labeo rohita.

Aquatic bacterial pathogens can cause severe economic loss in aquaculture industry. An opportunistic pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila is responsible for Motile Aeromonas Septicemia, leading to high mortality rates in fish. The present study was focused on the efficacy of Aloe barbadensis replacing fishmeal diets on hematological, serum biochemical, antioxidant, histopathological parameters, and disease resistance against A. hydrophila infection in Labeo rohita. Isonitrogenous fishmeal replaced diets (FMR) were prepared with varying levels of A. barbadensis at D1 (0%) (control), D2 (25%), D3 (50%), D4 (75%) and D5 (100%) then fed to L. rohita. After 60days of post-feeding, the experimental fish were challenged with A. hydrophila. Blood and organs were collected and examined at 1- and 15-days post infection (dpi). The results demonstrated that on 1 dpi, white blood cells (WBC), total protein, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were significantly increased in D3 diet fed groups. The D2 and D3 diet fed group showed decreasing trends of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and antioxidant enzymesactivity on 15 dpi. The histopathological architecture results clearly illustrated that the D3 diet fed group had given a higher protective effect by reducing the pathological changes associated with A. hydrophilainfection in liver, intestine and muscle. Higher percentage of survival rate was also observed in D3 diet fed group. Therefore, the present study suggested that the dietary administration of A. barbadensis up to 50% fishmeal replacement (D3 diet) can elicit earlier antioxidant activity, innate immune response and improve survival rate in L. rohita against A. hydrophila infection.

Protein Banding Pattern Changes in Muscle and Brain Tissues of Fresh Water Fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Exposed to Malathion in Gel Electrophoresis

The impact of the organophosphate malathion on the protein electrophoretic patterns of the freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton) brain and muscle tissues were examined. Over 10 days, fish were given sub-lethal dosages of malathion (2 percent) at 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-hour intervals. For example, muscle and brain tissue proteins, were run on 7.5% SDS -PAGE to look for alterations in protein structure. Ten protein bands were found to be responsible for controlling skeletal muscle and brain function. At various times after Malathion exposure, the quantity and intensity of protein bands were reduced in the fish. There were also new protein bands found to be antagonistic to pesticides. Standard marker proteins were used to determine protein banding patterns, and Rm values were then determined. Electrophoretogram data from this investigation demonstrated that protein bands in gills and muscles were similar, with very slight differences.

Biochemical Patterns and Genotoxicity of the Endocrine Disruptor Metformin in the Freshwater Fish Labeo rohita

Metformin is one of the most extensively used drugs, making it one of the most likely endocrine disruptors in the environment, which may negatively affect fish and other freshwater animals. Still, there is a dearth of studies examining metformin’s impact on freshwater creatures, like fish. This research aimed to identify the biochemical and genotoxicity effects of the endocrine disruptor metformin in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita at ecologically appropriate doses. Metformin’s toxicity was evaluated by subjecting L. rohita to the drug over 28 days at two dosages (40 µg/L to 80 µg/L). The results indicated that 40 µg/L and 80 µg/L of metformin caused an increase in reactive oxygen species and the generation of free radicals in the body of L. rohita, which in turn caused impairment and alterations in total hemoglobin, red blood corpuscles, white blood corpuscles, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl activity, respiratory burst activity, myeloperoxidase activity, and lysozyme activity. In addition, animals treated with the maximum metformin dose (80 µg/L) demonstrated substantial DNA damage in the genotoxicity experiment. Metformin’s endocrine-disrupting actions may have unintended ramifications for the well-being of aquatic species in their natural habitats. Results of the study demonstrated a serious concern that metformin exposure might be harmful to aquatic life.

Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Insecticide Emamectin Benzoate in Liver and Brain Tissues of Freshwater Fish Labeo rohita

Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Insecticide Emamectin Benzoate in Liver and Brain Tissues of Freshwater Fish Labeo rohita

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) Naproxen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in a Freshwater Fish Labeo rohita

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) Naproxen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in a Freshwater Fish Labeo rohita

Toxic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus on Muscles of freshwater fish Labeo rohita. (Vikhar)

The present study is conducted and assessed the toxicity of Parthenium hysterophorus is on locally available fresh water fish. The present study deals with to determine histological effects on fresh water fish, Labeo rohita. The fishes were collected from nearby water body and brought to the laboratory for determination of histological parameters up to 96hr. period. The muscles of fish exposed lethal concentration for different time exposure (24hrs. 48hrs. 72hrs. and 96hrs.) showed lesion, inflammation, pigment and necrosis of primary and secondary gill lamellae during low concentration while, increasing concentration for different time exposure showed necrosis, malignancy and cellular degeneration were seen at later time of exposure.

Exploration of marine red seaweed as a dietary fish meal replacement and its potentiality on growth, hematological, biochemical, and enzyme activity in freshwater fish Labeo rohita.

The present study investigated the dietary fishmeal replacement by marine red seaweed (Halymenia dilatata) meal (RSM) on growth performance, feed utilization, chemical body composition, hematological constituents, digestive, antioxidant, and metabolic enzymes in freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Rohu) fingerlings. The fish were fed with RSM-free control diet (RSM0) and four experimental diets, which replaced fish meal (FM) with varying levels of RSM (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, represented as RSM25, RSM50, RSM75, and RSM100 respectively). After a 60-day feeding trial, the survival rate (SR), growth performance (length gain, weight gain, and specific growth rate), protein efficiency ratio, chemical body composition (protein, lipid, and ash), and digestive enzymes (amylase and protease) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the fish fed with RSM50 diet containing 39% protein level. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed a higher staining intensity of muscle proteins in fish fed with the RSM50 diet. However, the hematological constituents (hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell, white blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), antioxidant enzyme- superoxide dismutase, and metabolic enzymes (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase) were not significantly altered in RSM50 diet when compared to control. In contrast, hematological constituents were decreased (P < 0.05), and antioxidant and metabolic enzymes were increased in rohu fed with RSM75 and RSM100 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, these findings suggest that RSM might be adopted at a pace of 37% (estimated polynomial second-order regression) and is found to be beneficial for freshwater fish L. rohita diets that enhance growth and immune responses. The current study recommended substituting (50%) of marine red seaweed (Halymenia dilatata) for fish meal significantly improves the growth performance, chemical body composition, and digestive enzymes of L. rohita and this could be a valuable natural replacement for fishmeal to reduce the production cost of aquatic feed.

Effect of meal containing Flax seed on Red Blood Corpuscles in Fresh water fish Labeo rohita in Balagahat region at Ahmedpur

Effect of meal containing Flax seed on Red Blood Corpuscles in Fresh water fish Labeo rohita in Balagahat region at Ahmedpur

Valorization of Waste Tungsten Filament into mpg-C3N4-WO3 Photocatalyst: A Sustainable e-Waste Management and Wastewater Treatment.

The waste of tungsten filament materials in the environment is one of the reasons for environmental pollution, and it is very dangerous to animals and plants. To date, not much attention has been given to its utility or recyclability. Herein, the present work reported the synthesis of tungsten trioxide nanoparticles (WO3 NPs) by the utilization of cost-free waste tungsten filament by a simple calcination method. A mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride-tungsten trioxide (mpg-C3N4-WO3) composite designed from the WO3 NPs produced from tungsten filament waste and thiourea as a carbon and nitrogen precursor by a one-step calcination method. The synthesized samples were characterized and confirmed by different characterization techniques. The photocatalytic behavior of the synthesized mpg-C3N4-WO3 composite was assessed, with respect to the effect of initial pH, amount of photocatalyst, dye concentration, and reaction time, as well for the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye under sunlight. The best photocatalytic performance (92%) was achieved using mpg-C3N4-WO3 with experimental condition ([photocatalyst] = 100 mg/L, [MB]0 = 10 mg/L, pH 8, and time = 120 min) under sunlight irradiation with excellent photostability than that of isolated mpg-C3N4 and WO3 NPs. The histotoxicological studies also showed that the photodegraded products of MB were found to be nontoxic and did not structurally changes in the gill architecture as well as brain tissues of freshwater fish Labeo rohita.

Impact of sublethal phenol in freshwater fish Labeo rohita on biochemical and haematological parameters.

Phenol, an aromatic chemical commonly found in domestic and industrial effluents, upon its introduction into aquatic ecosystems adversely affects the indigenous biota, the invertebrates and the vertebrates. With the increased demand for agrochemicals, a large amount of phenol is released directly into the environment as a byproduct. Phenol and its derivatives tend to persist in the environment for longer periods which in turn poses a threat to both humans and the aquatic ecosystem. In our current study, the response of Labeo rohita to sublethal concentrations of phenol was observed and the results did show a regular decrease in biochemical constituents of the targeted organs. Exposure of Labeo rohita to sublethal concentration of phenol (22.32mg/L) for an epoch of 7, 21 and 28days shows a decline in lipid, protein, carbohydrate content and phosphatase activity in target organs such as the gills, muscle, intestine, liver and kidney of the fish. The present study also aims to investigate the toxic effects of phenol with special reference to the haematological parameters of Labeo rohita. At the end of the exposure period, the blood of the fish was collected by cutting the caudal peduncle with a surgical scalpel. And it was observed that the red blood corpuscle count (RBC), white blood corpuscle (WBC), haemoglobin count (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values showed a decline after exposure to phenol for 7days, while white blood corpuscle (WBC) shows an increased count. At 21days and 28days, all the haematological parameters showed a significant decrease.

“Fishcide” effect of the fungicide difenoconazole in freshwater fish (Labeo rohita): A multi-endpoint approach

Difenoconazole is widely used to protect crops, fruits, and vegetables. However, this fungicide can enter aquatic environments and cause harmful effects to non-target organisms and induce little-known biological disorders. Thus, aiming to expand our knowledge about the ecotoxicity of difenoconazole on freshwater ichthyofauna, we aimed to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of difenoconazole and evaluate its possible impacts from different toxicity biomarkers, using freshwater fish Labeo rohita as a model system. Using the probit analysis method, the 96 h LC50 value of difenoconazole in the fish was calculated as 4.5 mg L−1. Posteriorly, fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (0.45 mg L−1 1/10th and 0.9 mg L−1 1/5th LC50 value) for 21 days. A significant reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity was noted in the gill, liver, and kidneys of fish compared to the control groups. The level of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity was higher in all vital tissues of difenoconazole-treated fish. Histological alterations in the gill include epithelial lifting, lamellar fusion, hypertrophy, and epithelial necrosis. At the same time, the liver showed pyknotic nucleus, vacuolation, cellular edema and tubular necrosis, shrinkage of glomeruli, vacuolation, and pyknotic nuclei in the kidney. DNA damage was increased significantly with tail formation based on the concentration and time-dependent manner. Therefore, our study confirms that the exposure of L. rohita to difenoconazole induces negative biological consequences and sheds light on the danger of this fungicide for freshwater fish species. We believe that studies like ours can support actions and strategies for the remediation/mitigation of aquatic pollution by difenoconazole and for the conservation of freshwater ichthyofauna.

IMPACT OF ENDOSULFAN (35% EC) AND FENVALERATE (20% EC) ON ACTIVITY OF ACID PHOSPHATASE AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN A FRESHWATER FISH LABEO ROHITA

The freshwater fish Labeo rohita was exposed to endosulfan and fenvalerate a synthetic pyrethroid.The LC50 values determined for endosulfan and fenvalerate at 24hrs were 0.6876 and 0.4749 μgl-1respectively. The fish were exposed to lethal endosulfan 0.6876 and fenvalerate 0.4749 μgl-1 andsublethal concentrations of endosulfan 0.06876 and 0.04749 μgl-1 for 24hrs and 15days and changesin the activity of Acid phosphatase and Alkaline phosphatase were observed. The enzymesshowed a decrease in activity on pesticide exposure.

HAEMATOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS INDUCED BY BIFENTHRIN (A SYNTHETIC PYRETHROID) TECHNICAL GRADE AND 10% EC IN THE FRESH WATER FISH LABEO ROHITA (HAMILTON, 1822)

Alterations in the blood components of the freshwater fish Labeo rohita are studied after exposingthem to both technical grade and10% EC of bifenthrin a synthetic pyrethroid as toxicant for 10 days in 1/10th of LC50 values 96 hrs LC50 values as sublethal and lethal of 4 days. The parameters that are studiedinclude erythrocytes (RBC), Leucocytes (WBC), Haemoglobin (Hb) Haemotocrit (Ht), Mean CorpscularVolume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean CorpscularHaemoglobin Concentration(MCHC). The first four are determined and the last three are calculated values. Except WBC, all others aredecreased as quantitative alterations and will be the impediments for the normal functioning of allphysiological processes and are the one of the biomarker study of the toxicity and will be the indices oftoxicity and pollution load. They are the one of the reasons for causing the death of the fish. The resultsare going to be discussed with earlier studies and objective is to not to allow the pollution of such causedby pesticides and in the agriculture practices and such contaminated waters should not be used as it is goingto be detrimental for the impairment of growth for the fish which are cultured.

Study on impact of parboiled rice mill effluents on biochemical constituents of Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822)

The parboiled rice mill effluents (PRME) are among the major contributors of chemical pollutants that enter into various aquatic bodies and affect the aquatic biota, accounting for several types of chemicals released in the nearby areas. The present investigation (2021-22), fingerlings of Labeo rohita was exposed to acute (96 hrs) and chronic (30 days) dose of parboiled rice mill effluents (PRME). The PRME collected from the parboiled rice mills were analyzed for Physico-chemical parameters and chronic and acute toxicity tests in Labeo rohita fish. The results showed that the severity in the Physico-chemical parameters and toxicity levels cause moderate to massive destruction in gills, liver and muscle, which is concentration and time-dependent. In acute toxicity experiments (96hrs) the fingerlings of fresh water fish Labeo rohita was exposed to different concentrations of (12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) parboiled rice mill effluents. The LC50 value for various exposure times was determined and analyzed by using Finney probit method. The value of LC50 of untreated (UT) parboiled rice mill effluents after 96hrs was calculated as 88%.

Total Lipid Alteration Gill and Muscle of Fingerlings of Freshwater Fish Labeo Rohita Fed on Formulated Feed

Now a day’s consumer wants to know and ensured the nutritional value of the products what they are eating.The biochemical composition of the whole body indicates the fish quality. In the biochemical composition lipids are of great important not only to fish nutrients but also to human nutrition. For this in the present experiment, Nighty days experiment was conducted in glass aquaria to study lipid content in intestine of fingerlings of freshwater fish Labeo rohita fed on 100%,75%,50% and 25% non-conventional source of protein in formulation of fish feed i.e., Blood of bovine animals obtained from slaughter house waste and conventional feed. i.e., Groundnut oil cake. The fishes were fed at the rate of 2% of the body weight every day. After specific time intervals the fishes were weighed and sacrificed for intestine tissue. The estimation of total lipid by Floch’s method. The above result demonstrated that, the maximum lipid content was observed at 25% formulated feed followed by 50% 100% and 75% formulated as compared to conventional feed and muscle at 100% formulated feed as compared with conventional feed.

Circulatory physiology and erythropoiesis in freshwater fish Labeo rohita experimentally parasitized by Argulus bengalensis

Circulatory physiology and erythropoiesis in freshwater fish <i>Labeo rohita</i> experimentally parasitized by <i>Argulus bengalensis</i>