Fresh Stover Research Articles

Effects of Trichoderma Fermented Biourine Dosage on the Growth of Two Shallot Varieties

This study aims to determine the effect of Trichoderma harzianum fermented biourine dosage on the growth of two shallot (Allium ascolonicum L.) varieties. The research employed an experimental method with a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors: biourine dosage and shallot variety. The biourine dosage levels were: q0 = Without biourine application, q1 = 5 ml/plant, q2 = 15 ml/plant, q3 = 25 ml/plant, and q4 = 35 ml/plant. The shallot varieties tested were v1 = Keta Monca and v2 = Bali Karet. In total, 10 treatment combinations of biourine dosage and variety were evaluated. The results showed that the most effective biourine dosage for promoting shallot growth was 35 ml (q4). This dosage significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, fresh stover, dry stover, fresh tuber weight, and dry tuber weight. The Keta Monca variety outperformed in terms of number of tillers, fresh tuber weight, and dry tuber weight, while the Bali Karet variety exhibited greater plant height, number of leaves, fresh stover, and dry stover. Significant interactions between biourine dosage and variety were observed in parameters such as plant height at 3 and 4 weeks after planting (WAP), number of leaves at 1, 4, and 5 WAP, number of tillers at 6 and 7 WAP, fresh tuber weight, and dry tuber weight.

Pengaruh Dosis Phospor Dan Pupuk Cair Pada Tanaman Bunga Kol (Brassica Oleracea Var. Botrytis L)

Cauliflower is a vegetable that has commercial value and excellent prospects for public consumption. According to the Central Statistics Agency of the Republic of Indonesia, cauliflower production has decreased from 2019 to 2021, therefore it is necessary to improve maintenance, one of which is by providing Phosphorus fertilizer to increase productivity. This will increase the rate of photosynthesis to produce high productivity and the correct dose of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) to maximize growth in the vegetative and generative phases thereby increasing the yield of cauliflower plants. This research aims to determine the effect of giving various doses of Phosphorus and POC fertilizers on the growth and yield of cauliflower plants. The research was carried out in the village, Girilayu, Matesih, Karanganyar from February to May 2024. Using the Complete Randomized Block Design (RAKL) method consisting of 2 treatment factors and 3 replications. The first factor is the dosage of Phosphorus (P) fertilizer P1: 100 kg/ha, P2: 150 kg/ha, P3: 200 kg/ha. The second factor is the dose of POC (C), C1: 4 cc/L, C2: 8 cc/L, C3: 12 cc/L. The results research showed (1) Giving various doses of Phospor fertilizer had a very real effect on fresh stover, dry stover, plant diameter, plant weight per plant, and crop weight per plot. However, it does not have a real effect on plant height and number of leaves. (2) Giving various doses of POC had a very real influence on fresh stover, dry stover, plant diameter, and plant weight per plant had a real influence on crop weight per plot and had no real influence on plant height and number of leaves. (3) The interaction between treatments had a very real influence on fresh stover, dry stover, and plant weight per plant, and had no real influence on plant height, number of leaves, plant diameter, and weight per plant plot. (4) The highest results were obtained in the branch pruning treatment 3 weeks after planting with an NPK fertilizer dose of 200 kg/ha, namely a plant weight of 11,997.4 grams per plot (26,644 kg/ha).

Onion Varieties (Allium Ascalonicum L.) Test With Application Of Several Kinds Microbia Consortium Its Influence On Growth and Yield

Shallots are one of the horticultural commodities that Indonesian people need. The use of bacterial consortia in shallot cultivation is expected to be useful for increasing soil fertility due to soil biochemical processes. This research aims to determine the effect of applying a microbial consortium from several products to the growth and yield of several shallot varieties. This research was carried out using a Split Plot Design with a split plot method which consists of two factors, namely: 1. Red onion variety, (V1: local rubber variety; V2: white local variety; V3: local Javanese varieties), 2. Types of decomposing plants (microbial consortium), : (P0: Control; P1: M21; P2: EM4; P3: Beka Decomposer). The research results showed: (1) The variety test showed very significant plant height, number of leaves, fresh stover weight, dry stover weight, tuber diameter, fresh tuber weight per bunch, tuber dry weight per bunch, and tuber dry weight per plot. However, there was no real difference between the number of bulbs per plant and the number of bulbs per plot. (2) The combination of microbial consortia with shallot varieties showed significantly different results regarding the number of leaves and bulb diameter. However, there were no real differences in plant height, fresh stover weight, dry stover weight, number of tubers per plant, number of tubers per plot, fresh weight of tubers per bunch, dry weight of tubers per bunch and dry weight of tubers per bunch. (3) The research results showed that the highest yield was obtained from the combination of V2P1 with the treatment of local white varieties of shallots and the application of the M21 microbial consortium with an average value of 150.27 g/plot (16,905 kg/ha or 16.9 tons/ha).

Uji Dosis Pupuk Kandang Kambing Dan Macam Pupuk Majemuk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis Hypogaea L.)

The peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a food crop that has a strategic role in the national economy and given its multipurpose function as a source of food, feed and industrial raw materials. The aim of this research was to determine the growth and yield of peanut plants by providing goat manure and various types of compound fertilizer. The research was carried out in August - December 2022 in Dukuh Pokoh, Musuk Village, Musuk District, Boyolali Regency with an altitude of 632 (masl) and the soil type is Vertisol (PPT = Grumosol).
 The research used the Factorial method with a basic design of Complete Randomized Block Design (RAKL) consisting of 2 treatment factors, The first factor was the dose of goat manure: D1: 5 tons/ha, D2: 10 tons/ha, D3: 15 tons/ha. The second factor is the type of compound fertilizer: M1: 15-15-15, M2: 16-16-16, M3: 30-6-8.
 The results of the study showed that (1) The treatment dose of goat manure (D) had a very real influence on the number of pods planted, the number of pods contained in the plant, the weight of 100 seeds and had no effect on plant height, weight of fresh stover, weight of dry stover, number of empty pods per plant, pod weight per plant and pod weight per plot. (2) The type of compound fertilizer (M) had a very significant effect on fresh stover weight, dry stover weight and pod weight per plot. Significant effect on pod weight per plant and weight of 100 seeds and no effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, number of filled pods per plant, and number of empty pods per plant. (3) The combination of doses of goat manure (D) and types of compound fertilizer (M) has a very significant effect on the weight of fresh stover and the weight of dry stover. Has a significant effect on the weight of 100 seeds and has no significant effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, number of filled pods per plant, number of empty pods per plant, weight of the pods per plant and weight of the pods per plot. (4) The best results were at a fertilizer dose of 15 tonnes/ha with 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, namely pod weight of 751.60 gr per plot (3.11 tonnes/ha of dry beans).

The effect of varieties of true shallot seed and paclobutrazol concentrations on growth and production of shallot plant

The increasing demand for shallots is inversely proportional to the quality of the current production. Efforts to improve and increase quality of production are selection of good varieties and add plant regulatory substances has also become the focus of many researchers in their effect on plant growth. Therefore, research was carried out on the effect of the varieties and also plant regulatory substances namely paclobutrazol on the growth and production of shallot plants. This research was carried out at the Teaching Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University from August to November 2021. This research was carried out as a factorial experiment in a split plot design, as the main plot, namely the botanical seed varieties of shallot (v) consists of 3 varieties, namely the Lokananta varieties (v1), Maserati varieties (v2), and Sanren varieties (v3), as a sub-plot, namely the concentration of paclobutrazol consists of 4 levels, namely 0 ppm (k0), 100 ppm (k1), 200 ppm (k2) and 300 ppm (k3). The research results showed that the interaction of the Sanren varieties with paclobutrazol concentration of 100 ppm gave the best results on the weight of fresh stover per plant (26.04 g), weight of dry stover per plant (19.23 g) and production per hectare (9.20 ton/ha). The Sanren varieties gave the best results on chlorophyll a (387.23 μmol.m−2), chlorophyll b (187.12 μmol.m−2), total chlorophyll (564.14 μmol.m−2) and number of tubers (1.81). Paclobutrazol concentration of 100 ppm gave the best results on plant height (43.07 cm) and number of leaves (6.24 strands), while paclobutrazol concentration of 200 ppm gave the best results on tuber diameter (23.13 mm) and paclobutrazol concentration of 300 ppm gave the best results on the number of tubers (1.54).

Pengaruh Pemangkasan Cabang Lateral dan Dosis Pemberian Pupuk NPK pada Tanaman Bunga Kol (Brassica Oleracea Var. Botrytis L)

Cauliflower is a vegetable that has commercial value and good prospects, especially for public consumption. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia cauliflower production has decreased from 2019 to 2021, it is necessary to improve maintenance, one of which is by pruning lateral branches to increase productivity, thereby increasing the rate of photosynthesis to produce high productivity and the right dose of NPK fertilizer to maximize growth in the vegetative and generative phases thereby increasing the yield of cauliflower plants. This study aims to determine the effect of pruning lateral branches and doses of NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of cauliflower.
 The research was conducted in the hamlet of Jinarum, Girilayu, Matesih, Karanganyar from July to September 2022. The research method used a Completely Randomized Block Design (RAKL) consisting of 2 treatment factors and 3 replications. The first factor is lateral branch pruning P0: without pruning, P1: pruning lateral branches 3 WAP, P2: pruning lateral branches 5 MST. The second factor is the dose of NPK fertilizer with doses of N1: 150 kg/ha, N2: 200 kg/ha, N3: 250 kg/ha.
 The results showed (1) Pruning lateral branches had a very significant effect on fresh stover, dry stover, crop diameter, crop weight per plant, and crop weight per plot. However, it did not have a significant effect on plant height and number of leaves. (2) NPK fertilizer doses had a very significant effect on fresh stover, dry stover, crop diameter, and crop weight per plant, had a significant effect on crop weight per plot, and had no significant effect on plant height and number of leaves. (3) The interaction between treatments had a very significant effect on fresh stover, dry stover, and crop weight per plant, and had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, crop diameter, and crop weight per plot. (4) The highest yield was obtained in the pruning treatment 3 weeks after planting with a dose of NPK fertilizer of 200 kg/ha, namely the crop weight of 11,997.4 grams per plot (. 26,644 kg/ha).
 Kata kunci : pruning lateral branches, the dose of NPK fertilizer

Genetic diversity and gain quantitative characters of maize from index-based selection at two dry lands in Lombok, Indonesia

Abstract. Sudika IW, Soemeinaboedhy IN, Sutresna IW. 2023. Genetic diversity and gain quantitative characters of maize from index-based selection at two dry lands in Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 11-19. Genetic diversity and gain quantitative characters of maize from index-based selection at dry land is poorly reported. This research aims to study the genetic diversity and gain of several traits quantitative of the index-based selection at two dry lands in Amor-Amor and Pererenan, Lombok, Indonesia. A randomized block design with three replications was applied to design the experiment. The materials used is maize from nine populations, namely eight populations from the selection of index-based and one from the initial population. The data were analyzed for variance at the 5% significance level. The results showed that the genetic diversity of yields was categorized as moderate, and the weight of dry cobs harvested per plant was narrow in both locations. The genetic diversity of fresh stover weight per plant in Pererenan was wider than in Amor-Amor, but still in the same category, which was medium. These three traits had a significant genetic gain in the moderate category for both locations, except for the weight of fresh stover per plant, which was high in Pererenan. The dry seed weight per plant had a moderate genetic diversity and gain with a significant positive phenotypic correlation with yield. Yield and fresh stover per plant can still be increased through index-based selection by using dry seed weight per plant and fresh stover per plant in both locations.

Komposisi Media Tanam Organik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) di Polybag

The productivity of red ginger in Indonesia has decreased by 9,174 tons compared to 2017. The decrease is due to the very limited area of red ginger production, the method of red ginger cultivation, which is still very conventional, and the low amount of organic matter in the soil. This study examines the effect of planting media composition on the growth and production of red ginger. The study used a Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments, namely control (soil without manure), cow manure: green manure: soil (1:1:1), P2 = goat manure: green manure: soil (1:1:1), green manure: soil (1:2), cow manure: soil (1:2), and goat manure: soil (1:2) and repeated four times. Composition media of goat manure: green fertilizer: soil with a ratio of 1:1:1 could increase the growth of red ginger in variable plant height, number of leaves in the clump, leaf area, and the weight of fresh stover with a yield of 52.7 cm; 10,75; 148,5; 2952.59 cm2; and 307.33 g. Composition of green fertilizer media: soil with a ratio of 1:2 could increase the weight of dry stover with a value of 39.32 g, and red ginger production includes fresh weight of rhizomes 111.32 g, storage weight of rhizomes 107.87 g, and rhizome volume 124.12 cm3.

Pengaruh PGPR dan Pupuk Kandang terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Paprika (Capscium annuum, L.) di Dataran Rendah

This study was done on December, 2020 until April, 2021, at an altitude ofp+125 meters above sea level in Palur Village, Mojolaban District, Sukoharjo Regency, Central of Java. The purpose ofithis study is to know how PGPR and various types ofpmanure affect on growth and yield ofppaprika (Capsicum annuum L.) in the lowlands. This study used an environment with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) basic pattern, followed by a 5% DMRT test with considerably different outcomes. Two factors and four replicates made up the treatment factor. The first element was the availability of PGPR, which was divided into two tiers (P0: without the use of PGPR, P1: the use of PGPR). The second factor was the provision of various forms of manure, which was divided into three kinds (M1: chicken manure, M2: goat manure, and M3: cow manure). Plant height, fruit weight, number of fruits, fruit diameter, fresh weight of stover, and driedweight of stover were all observed metrics. The results showed that the PGPR treatment had a substantial effect on the parameters ofpfruit weight and fresh weight of stover, as well as on the parameters of fruit diameter and dry weight of stover, but not significantly different on the parameters ofpplant height andpnumber ofpfruit, while the effect ofpthe use of various types of manure showed a very significant effect on all parameters. The treatment with cow manure had the best effect on paprika growth and yield. The combination between PGPR treatment and various types of manure had a substantial impact on fresh stover characteristics as well as fruit weight, However, plant height, quantity of fruits, diameter, and dry stover were not significantly different. The application of PGPR and cow manure was the best treatment combination for paprika growth and yield.

Effect of Coconut Shell Biochar Application on the Effectivity of NPK Fertilizer in Red Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) Cultivation

Shallot cultivation in Lampung faces challenges because the land is dominated by ultisol soils, which have low nutrients. Therefore, soil improvement materials such as biochar and fertilizers are needed. This study aims to determine the effect of coconut shell biochar addition on the effectiveness of NPK fertilizer in the production of shallots. The study was arranged in a Factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of 2 factors, namely the dose of biochar (0, 40, 80, and 120 g/pot) and the dose of NPK fertilizer (0, 0,8, 1,6, and 2,4 g/pot). Each treatment combination was repeated 3 times. Parameters included soil characteristics (pH, soil volume shrinkage) and plant parameters (plant height, number of leaves, canopy area, buld number and diameter, evapotranspiration, fresh root weight, bulb air dry weight, and water productivity. The results showed that coconut shell biochar had a significant effect (α = 0.05) in increasing soil pH and decreasing soil shrinkage. The dose of biochar 80 g/pot (B2) with a dose of NPK 1.6 g/pot (N3) was the best treatment. In this treatment combination, shallots produced an average weight of 120.54 g/pot of fresh stover, 14 bulbs with diameter of 2.05 cm and air dry bulb weight of 70.17 g/pot, and the water productivity of 18.22 kg/m3. Keyword: Canopy area, Fertilizer dose, pH, Soil shrinkage, Water productivity

UJI DOSIS PUPUK K DAN BERBAGAI MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BAWANG MERAH VARIETAS BIMA (Allium ascalonicum L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of K2O Fertilizer Dosage and Various Planting Media on Growth, Yield and Interaction of the Two Treatments on Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.). This research was conducted in August 2020 in Jembungan Village, Banyudono District, Boyolali Regency with an altitude of ± 195 meters above sea level with entisol soil type.
 This study used a factorial method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of two factors with three replications. The first factor is the dose of K2O (K) fertilizer, consisting of 3 levels: K1 = 100 kg/ha, K2 = 200 kg/ha, K3 = 300 kg/ha. The second factor is Planting Media (M), consisting of 4 levels: M1 = Soil Planting Media + Bokashi, M2 = Soil Planting Media + Cow Manure, M3 = Soil Planting Media + Goat Manure, M4 = Soil Planting Media + Cocopad.
 The results of the study can be concluded as follows: 1) The dose of K2O (K) fertilizer has a very significant effect on all growth parameters and yield parameters, 2) Planting Media has a significant effect on plant height and fresh stover, no significant effect on the number of leaves, dry stover and all result parameters. 3) The combination of the treatment dose of K2O fertilizer and Planting Media (K x M) showed a very significant effect on all growth parameters and yields of shallots.

Effect of biofertilizer application on rainfed sorghum in calcareous soil

The influence of biofertilizers like Azospirillum, phosphobacteria, azophos (50:50 combinations of Azospirillum and phosphobacteria) and mycorrhiza, individually and in combination was investigated in pre-monsoon sowing with sorghum APK 1 variety in randomized replicated field trial at the Regional Research Station, Aruppukottai, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu. The adherence of the inoculated bacteria was recorded under all treatments. The results showed the feasibility of biofertilizer treatment to seeds in pre-monsoon sowing as the bacterial inoculants survived on seeds up to 21 days even though they were sown in dry soil and colonized until the receipt of showers. Treatment azophos + mycorrhiza with 75 per cent recommended N and P treatment was found most effective in enhancing fresh stover weight (70 tonnes/ha) and grain yield (3,536 kg/ha). This treatment also resulted in higher earhead yield (13.00 kg/plot) alongwith phosphobacteria + mycorrhiza treatment (12.80 kg/plot).

A THE EFFECT OF DOSE AND TIME OF ADMINISTRATION OF TRICHODERMA SP ON FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM ON SHALLOT (Allium ascalonicum L)

ABSTRACT
 This studypaimsptopdeterminepthe appropriate dosepand time ofxadministration ofxTrichoderma sp to control Fusarium oxysporum disease in shallot plants. Thepresearch waspconductedpfrompSeptemberp2020ptoxDecemberx2020 in Karangasem Hamlet, Guli Village, Nogosari District, Boyolali Regency. Thispstudypusedpapfactorialpcompletely randomizedpdesign (RAL) methodpwhich consisted ofp2pfactors. Thepfirst treatmentpfactor was thepdose ofpTrichoderma sp (D) which consisted of 3 g, 5g, 7g and the time of administration (T) which was one week before planting, during planting and a week after planting. Parameterspobservedpwerepnumberpof leaves, number ofptubers, weightpof fresh stover, weight of dry stover and intensity of disease attack. The results showed that the treatment with the best Trichoderma sp (D) dose was obtained in the D3 treatment with a dose of 7 grams / liter of solution had a very significant effect on the number of leaves, fresh stover, dry stover, intensity of disease attack and not significantly different on the number of tubers. The best time treatment for giving Trichoderma sp (T) was obtained in T1 treatment, namely the time of administration one week before planting had a significant effect on the number of leaves, fresh stover, and was not significantly different on the number of tubers, dry stover, intensity of disease attack. Meanwhile, the best combination of dosage and time of administration of Trichoderma sp was obtained in the (D3T1) treatment, namely the administration of a dose of 7 grams / liter of solution and the time of administration one week before planting had a significant effect on dry stover and had no significant effect on other parameters.
 
 Keywords : Trichoderma sp, fusarium oxysporum, shallot.

The effect of biochar application and number of shoots on the growth of ratoon sorghum in vertisol soil

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)) is one of the potential commodities that can be developed to support food and energy diversification programs in Indonesia. It has the advantage that one of them can be ratoon. However, the yield of ratoon is lower than that of the main crop. The research on ratoon sorghum was carried out in vertisol soil. This aims of the study to determine the interaction between biochar application and number of shoots on the growth of ratoon sorghum in vertisol soil, to obtain the right dose of biochar and to get the appropriate number of shoots to increase the yield of ratoon sorghum. The study was arranged in a factorial manner using a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD). The treatment factors were biochar (without biochar, 2.5 tons/ha, 5 tons/ha and 7.5 tons/ha), and the number of shoots (1 shoot, 2 shoots, 3 shoots, and 4 shoots) at the 5% level. The results showed that there was no interaction between biochar treatment and the number of shoots on the variable of panicle sorghum, weight of fresh stover, and weight of dry stover. The results showed an interaction on the variable of plants height observation. Provides growth results that are not significantly different in the parameters of plant height, panicle length and panicle weight. Gives significantly different results on panicle length, weight of fresh stover, and weight of dry stover. The number of 1 shoots produced the highest growth for all observed variables.

PENGARUH KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM DAN DOSIS PUPUK MAJEMUK TERHADAP TANAMAN SAWI HIJAU (Brassica rapa L.)

The part of the mustard plant consumed is the young leaves. This research aims to determine the composition of the media and the best dose of compound fertilizer that can increase the yield of mustard greens. The method used in this research was factorial with the basic pattern of Completely Randomized Group Design with two treatments and 3 replications. The first factor is the composition of planting media: soil: sand: manure (M) which consists of three levels: M1 = 1 : 1 : 1, M2 = 1 : 1 : 2, M3 = 1 : 1: 3. While the second factor is Compound fertilizer dosage (D): D0: No fertilizer, D1: 1 g/polybag, D2: 2 g/polybag, D3 : 3 g/polybag. It will be held in February – May 2021, in the village of Bejen, Karanganyar. The treatment composition of planting media and various doses of compound fertilizer significantly affected plant height, dry stover weight, root volume and had a very significant effect on the number of leaves, fresh stover weight, plant weight, and consumption weight per plant. The highest consumption weight was 126.34 g/plant, obtained from the composition of the growing media: soil: sand: manure = 1: 1: 3, and the dose of compound fertilizer was 3 g/polybag. The lowest consumption weight was 87.07 g/plant, the composition of the soil medium: sand: manure = 1: 1: 1 and without compound fertilizer application.

Pertumbuhan dan produksi kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir) pada berbagai dosis pupuk papua nutrient granule di Manokwari

The aim of the study was to determine the apropriate dose of Papua Nutrient Granule fertilizer on the growth and production of kangkong (Ipomea reptans poir). The research was carried out at the screen house of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Papua, Manokwari for 2 months from July to August 2019. The study was a single factor experiment using a Randomized Block Design. The treatment dose of Papua Nutrient Granule fertilizer consisted of control/Papua Nutrient Fertilizer 0 tons/ha), Papua Nutrient Fertilizer 5 tons/ha, Papua Nutrient Fertilizer 10 tons/ha), Papua Nutrient Fertilizer 15 tons/ha), Papua nutrient fertilizer 20 tons/ha. The results showed that the application of Papua Nutrient significantly affected the growth and yield of kangkong at all ages of observation. Papua Nutrient granule fertilizer with doses of 15 and 20 tons/ha produced height, rate of plant height, number of leaves and leaf growth rate, fresh stover weight and fresh root weight per plant better than other fertilization treatments and control.

Effects of manure types on the growth and yield of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in dryland

Sweet sorghum is one of the superior commodities to increase the production of food and energy. Sweet sorghum seeds produce carbohydrates that can be processed into food ingredients, while the sap from the stems and starch in the seeds can be converted into bioethanol through fermentation processes. Sweet sorghum crops tolerant to drought and stagnant water can produce on marginal land and relatively resistant to pests and diseases. This research aims to determine the interaction between sweet sorghum varieties and kinds of organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of sweet sorghum in dryland. The research method is a factorial experiment using Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), which consists of two factors, which is sweet sorghum varieties and manure types. The varieties which were used are Kawali and Numbu. The second treatment used is without manure, chicken manure, goat manure, cow manure, and vermicompost. The total treatment combination is ten units, and each combination is repeated three times. The research variables are plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, fresh stover weight, dry stover weight, sap content, panicle length, number of seeds per panicle, and production per hectare. Data were analyzed using the F test with a 95% confidence level if there is significantly a difference and then followed by the DMRT method at the 5% level. This research shows that the highest production per hectare is sorghum treatments by chicken manure equal 2.64 ton/ha, and this yield is higher than all other treatments.

The Effect of Concentration and Time Interval of Kinetin Application on The Growth of Daun Duduk (Desmodium triquetrum L.) Seeds

<p>Daun duduk (<em>Desmodium triquetrum </em>L.) is a medicinal plant that has the power to treat hemorrhoids, but has not been widely cultivated. This research was conducted to obtain the right concentration and time interval of kinetin application to increase the growth of Daun duduk seedlings. This research was conducted from November 2019 until March 2020 at the Screen House, Faculty of Agriculture, UNS. The factors of the experiment were concentration of kinetin (0 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm and 30 ppm) and the time interval of application (once every three months, once every 1.5 months and once a month). The parameters observed in this study were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of branches, number of roots, root length, fresh stover and dry stover. The results showed that the single factor of kinetin concentration could increase plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of branches and dry stover. Meanwhile, the time interval for application and the interaction between the two factors did not have any significant effect. The most effective kinetin concentration in increasing the growth of Daun duduk was 30 ppm.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords<strong>:</strong> growth regulators; herbal medicines; plant height.</p>

Nutritive value for ruminants of different fresh and ensiled sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties harvested at varying maturity stages

ABSTRACT The occurrence of the Western corn rootworm and increasing frequency of summer droughts have reduced forage maize yields and quality in Central Europe in recent years. Therefore, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) has been increasingly used as alternative forage in ruminant feeding, although information on the nutritive value of whole crop sorghum silage (WCSS) under Central European climate conditions is scarce. This research project aimed to study differences between sorghum varieties and harvest dates regarding dry matter (DM) yield, chemical composition of fresh panicle, fresh stover, fresh whole plant and WCSS as well as whole tract digestibility and energy content of WCSS. For this purpose, six sorghum varieties, classified by their predominant use (biomass, silage, grain), were cultivated and harvested at three maturity stages (late milk stage, dough stage, full maturity). Furthermore, WCSS quality was compared with feed value of fresh and ensiled forage maize. Dry matter yield was higher (p < 0.05) in biomass sorghum (24.9 t/ha) compared to other sorghum varieties (12.4 to 16.7 t/ha). However, panicle proportion was lowest in biomass sorghum (10.5%), highest in grain sorghum (59.1%) and intermediate in silage sorghum. Fibre content declined and starch content increased with rising panicle proportion in fresh panicle, fresh whole plant and WCSS. Therefore, whole tract organic matter digestibility (66.8%) and metabolisable energy (ME) content (9.49 MJ/kg DM) were highest in grain sorghum silage. Especially low ME content was found in the biomass sorghum silage (7.43 MJ/kg DM). Dry matter yield of sorghum increased between late milk and dough stage of maturity, while it remained constant afterwards. Furthermore, ME content of WCSS rose tendentially (0.05 < p < 0.10) between late milk and dough stage of maturity and dropped again between dough stage and full maturity. Highest nutritive value of WCSS is achieved if grain sorghum varieties are used and both nutritive value and DM yield are optimised if harvest is carried out at dough stage of maturity. However, compared to forage maize, grain sorghum varieties have disadvantages both in DM yield and in nutritive value under common Central European climate conditions.

Role of phosphate fertilizer on growth and yield of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.)

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a strategic commodity because its high productivity and diverse uses. This study aims to obtain a dose of phosphate fertilizer which increases growth and yield of hybrid maize. The research was conducted on the acid dry land, Faculty of Agriculture, UNS, Jumantono in June-September 2019. The research method used was an experimental method with a Randomized Completed Block Design one factor with four dose and was repeated six times. The dose is 0; 100; 150; 200 kg. ha−1 P fertilizer. The observed variables namely plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area index, fresh stover weight, dry stover weight, weight of cobs with husks, weight of cobs without husks, average of cobs per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per hectar, and weight of 100 seeds. Application of 150 kg.ha−1 of phosphate fertilizer SP-36 increases growth variable on the leaf area index (LAI). The application of 150 kg.ha−1of phosphate fertilizer SP-36 increases yield variable on the weight of 100 seeds. But seen from the average dose of 100 kg.ha−1 has a higher yield than the control because it increases yield per hectare (5.91%) to 2.15 tons.ha-1.