Fresh Properties Of Self-compacting Concrete Research Articles

Evaluation of rheological properties of sustainable self-compacting recycled aggregate concrete produced by two-stage mixing approach

The rheological properties such as static yield stress (τ0s), dynamic yield stress (τ0d), and plastic viscosity (μ) play an important role in controlling the fresh state activities of self-compacting concrete (SCC). In the present investigation, these rheological parameters of self-compacting recycled aggregate concrete (SCRAC) prepared by two-stage mixing approach (TSMA) are determined as a function of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) percentage. Five types of samples are prepared for this purpose: M1 (0% RCA), M2 (25% RCA), M3 (50% RCA), M4 (75% RCA), and M5 (100% RCA). The static yield stress is determined by a well-accepted static yield stress formula; whereas, the dynamic yield stress and plastic viscosity are determined by Reiner-Riwlin theory in conjunction with the Bingham and modified Bingham models. The values of τ0s, τ0d, and μ are observed to increase with the increase in RCA%. This is due to the increase in internal friction between the particles. However, the influence is less in the proposed TSMA. Various conventional fresh properties of SCC of the same mixes are evaluated and the correlations between the conventional fresh properties and rheological properties have been established. Finally, the compressive strength of the samples is reported and a plausible model is developed to elucidate the mechanism based on the various characterizations including X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The study found that the proposed TSMA is an effective approach for improving the rheological and mechanical properties of SCRAC.

Relationships between Mortar Spread and the Fresh Properties of SCC Containing Local Metakaolin

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) production is a complex operation that requires finding a good combination and suitable dosages for its constituents. Several formulation methods have been developed to meet the workability requirements of SCC. Mortar spread is used to estimate SCC’s rheological properties, but the use of supplementary cementitious materials, such as metakaolin, could affect the accuracy of the estimation. In this paper, the relationships between the fresh properties of local-metakaolin (MK)-based SCC and the spreading of its mortar portion were investigated. The results showed the existence of good correlations between the spreading of mortar portion of SCC and its fresh state properties. The partial substitution of cement with MK did not affect these correlations. The mortar flow should be chosen according to the required rheological properties of the SCC. This can be achieved by using an appropriate viscosity-enhancing agent (VEA).

SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE WITH GROUND FERRONICKEL SLAG AS SUPPLEMENTARY CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL

Ferronickel slag (FNS) is a by-product of the smelting of nickel ore. When ground to powder, it can be used to partially replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC). This study focused on the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC) by replacing OPC with 20%, 35%, and 50% ground ferronickel slag (GFNS). In addition, natural sand was replaced by FNS in all the mixtures. Thus, the significance of this research is the conservation of natural resources by the dual use of FNS and GFNS. The fresh properties of SCC were evaluated as per EFNARC. The results show that the concrete mixtures using FNS and GFNS together met the criteria of SCC. Concrete microstructure was investigated by SEM images, and a detailed phase assemblage was studied by XRD. The highest 28 days compressive strength was found as 68 MPa in the mixture with 35% GFNS. The 50% cement replacement by GFNS showed the lowest compressive strength among all the mixes. The splitting tensile strength results followed a similar development as compressive strength. Hence, it implies that FNS can be a potential eco-friendly material that can be used in the production of SCC

Effect of Local Feldspar on the Properties of Self Compacting Concrete

This research of using Feldspar in the production self compacting concrete (SCC) ( 5,10,15 )% as partial replacement by weight of cement .In this research some of fresh properties of SCC ( slump flow used V-funnel test and filling ability used ( U- box test ) for concrete mixes and also some of the harden properties of SCC ( compressive and flexural tests ). The research results showed that negative effect of Feldspar on the fresh properties of self compacting concrete but the positive effect of Feldspar on the harden properties of self compacting concrete .

Properties and durability of self‐compacting concrete incorporated with nanosilica, fly ash, and limestone powder

AbstractThis research focused on finding the effect of nanosilica (NS) on the properties of self‐compacting concrete (SCC). NS in various proportions of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 8%, and 10% was added to SCC with 10% silica fume (SF) or 10% fly ash (FA) by weight of cement to improve the properties of SCC. While the limestone powder (LSP) was used at a fixed supplementation of 15% by cement weight for all mixes. Fifteen SCC mixtures were designed based on the European guidelines for self‐compacting concrete. The properties of fresh SCC were evaluated by several tests of the slump flow, slump T50, V‐funnel, V‐funnel T5min, L‐box J‐ring, and fill box. Meanwhile, several tests evaluated SCC's mechanical properties, including compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, bond strength, and modulus of elasticity. Moreover, the permeability properties of SCC were evaluated by water permeability and air‐content tests. The effect of applying high temperatures (100–800°C) on the compressive strength of SCC containing NS with cementitious materials (SF, FA, and LSP) was also evaluated. Results showed that adding 3% NS with 10% SF and 15% LSP by weight of cement can be used to achieve the best mechanical properties of SCC. The SFNS3 mixture achieved the highest mechanical properties of 75.1, 11.9, and 41,300 MPa for compressive strength, bond strength, and modulus of elasticity tests. While the results for the slump flow, slump T50cm, and fill box were 680 mm, 6 s, and 93%.

Predicting the behaviour of self-compacting concrete incorporating agro-industrial waste using experimental investigations and comparative machine learning modelling

This study examines the effects of the silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA) together as a binary replacement of cement on the behaviour of self-compacting concrete (SCC) using experimental investigation and application of various machine learning (ML) models developed for this study. The SF and FA were used in combination of 25/75, 50/50, 75/25 proportions with 5%, 10% and 15% cement replacement, respectively, at 3,7, 14- and 28-days curing. In first phase, unit weight, workability, compressive strength (CS) and dimensional stability of the sustainable SCC were investigated through experimental testing. The experimental results revealed that the fresh properties of SCC, at all replacement levels and combination of SF and FA, were remained within the range of the standard values. At the same replacement percentages, the combination of SF/FA of 50/50 was more effective than the other two combinations of SF/FA at the same dosage levels and at all the ages of SCC. The CS was improved by 17% at 15% replacement level when SF and FA were blended at the combination of 50/50. The second phase of this study differentiate this research from the past literature. The collection of modelling algorithms used in this study have never been applied to this kind of data to provide a comparative analysis over two different datasets. The ML modelling was performed using Neural Network Regression (NNR), Decision Forest Regression (DFR), Linear Regression (LR) and Bayesian regression (BR). Initially, the dataset achieved through the experimental investigations performed in this study was modelled. The models efficiently predicted the CS of sustainable SCC when compared with experimental results. Later, the dataset available in the literature was also used to verify the accuracy of the proposed ML models. Based on the findings, the best performing algorithms were LR and NNR, both with R2 = 0.9, that highlights the optimum and enhanced performance of the ML modelling over other numerical methods.

Research on discrete element simulation of slump test for fresh self-compacting concrete

A numerical computational modelling of slump tests for fresh self-compacting concrete (SCC) was developed in this investigation based discrete element method (DEM). The coarse aggregates in DEM model were characterized by using spherical shapes and 3D irregular geometries obtained by scanning real aggregates, respectively. By comparing the results of the slump simulation tests corresponding to the two geometric models, it was found that the average error of the latter was smaller, about 2.9%. The results of quantitative analysis of the rotational kinetic energy for both found that the motion of the real coarse aggregate model was more consistent with the actual situation. The effect of coarse aggregate gradation characteristics on the flow properties of fresh SCC was investigated based on the real coarse aggregate model. The results indicated that the increase in the content of large-size coarse aggregate or its replacement of small-size coarse aggregate both resulted in the deterioration of the flow properties of fresh SCC. During the lifting of the bucket at the beginning of the slump test, different velocity distribution patterns existed before and after the complete separation of the bucket from the concrete. The maximum flow velocity, about 0.8 m/s, occurred when the bucket was not completely separated from the SCC and was distributed in the top part of the inner bucket.

Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Rice Husk Ash

Palm fuel ash (POFA) and rice husk ash (RHA) are usually disposed to open areas and landfills without treatment, resulting in environmental problems. Both materials fulfilled the criteria as pozzolanic material, thus can be used as substitutes to cement. This paper presents the comparison in the fresh and hardened properties between self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing POFA and RHA. The SCC mixtures were produced based on water/binder ratio of 0.6. Both POFA and RHA were introduced in concrete replacing 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of cement by weight. The fresh SCC was tested for three (3) fresh properties including filling ability, passing ability and segregation resistance. Meanwhile, the hardened properties of concrete were tested for its compressive strength. The fresh properties of SCC incorporating POFA and RHA fulfilled all the requirements of SCC which include the filling ability, passing ability and segregation resistance. Meanwhile, SCC containing RHA had higher compressive strength than the SCC containing POFA for all different replacement level. This is because RHA had higher SiO2 content than POFA, thus promote more pozzolanic reaction to improve the strength of concrete. Furthermore, the optimum replacement level of POFA and RHA in SCC are 10% and 20%, respectively. However, the compressive strength of both SCC containing POFA and RHA were still lower than the control SCC. It is suggested that the SCC containing POFA and RHA to be cured for longer period to achieve better or equivalent strength to the control SCC.

Impact of Partial Replacement of Ordinary Aggregate by Plastic Waste Aggregate on Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete

Different properties of Self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing plastic waste aggregate (PWA) have been experimentally studied by researchers. However, most of these works focused on examining the properties of one type of PA. In the present paper, the influence of four different types; namely Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Heat-treated plastic (PEL), Mixed plastic (Mix), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a fine aggregate (FA) replacement; on fresh properties of SCC was examined. Results indicated that changing the PWA geometry influenced different properties of SCC. All concrete samples with PVC and PEL plastic were in the range of EFNARC classification (classified in VS2/PA2 class), causing no blocking in V-funnel and L-box test. Meanwhile, mixed plastic up to 7.5% and PET up to 5% fall within VS2/VF2 class; otherwise, the mixture was outside the range of EFNRAC standards. The best plastic waste aggregate regarding all new properties was PVC confirming all requirements for a successful SCC, causing no blocking or segregation. Thus, 10% was selected as the optimum percentage. Furthermore, PET was the worst, for PET-7.5% significant increase in the V-funnel (57.6 sec) and reduction in H2/H1 ratio (0.58) was obtained besides blocking in L-box tests, segregation, and bleeding in slump flow test. Thus, more than 5% is not recommended when using PET in Self-compacting concrete.

Experimental Study of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Plantain Leaf Ash and Polycarboxylate Ether Solution as Superplasticizer

Concrete is a binding material, made up of constituent of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. Self-Compacting Concrete is an innovative concrete that does not require vibration for placing and compaction. It is able to flow under its own weight, completely filling formwork and achieving full compaction, even in the presence of congested reinforcement. The study also intended to quantify the amount of plantain leaf ash to be added to the concrete according to the value of concrete properties measured. For such purpose, the fresh concrete must possess intense fluidity and great cohesiveness. Plantain leaf ash is waste and is causing threat to environment in terms of odour and to reduce this problem of this material the project has been undertaken so that it can be used for construction purpose. The following points were attempted for the resdearch; i. To replace cement by different percentage of Plantain leaf ash, ii. To prepare concrete by replacing the cement by Plantain leaf ash, iii. To compare the fresh properties of self-compacting concrete containing varying amounts of plantain leaf ash with that containing commercially available superplasticizer, iv. To study the compressive strength of normal conventional concrete and self-compacting concrete.

Effect of Recycled Aggregate Concrete and Steel Fibers on the Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete

Globally, the amount of solid waste is constantly increasing, and its disposal is one of the critical issues in recent research studies. Concrete waste includes the rubble of demolished buildings, whether old buildings or those that have been subjected to earthquakes, etc. This research project aims to improve sustainability in the construction industry by recycling and reusing coarse aggregate that was previously used in concrete buildings. The objective is to utilize this recycled material to produce self-compacting concrete (SCC) and assess its performance in its fresh state. By finding new ways to repurpose materials that would otherwise go to waste, this research contributes to developing environmentally friendly practices and reducing the industry's carbon footprint. Furthermore, evaluating the performance of the recycled coarse aggregate in SCC will provide insights into its potential for future use in construction projects, which could ultimately lead to cost savings and improved efficiency in the industry. Recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) was used as a substitute for the natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with volume ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, and steel fibers (SF) were added to the concrete with different volumes ratios (0, 0.5, and 1 %). Workability tests such as slump flow, V-funnel, and L-box tests were carried out for the mixtures in their fresh state. In general, the results of the experimental work showed that the fresh properties indicated that almost all SCC mixtures were within the specified range, as stated in EFNARC requirements.

A comprehensive study on physico-mechanical properties of non-metallic fibre reinforced SCC blended with metakaolin and alcofine

This study presents a detailed experimental investigation on the effects incorporating non-metallic fibers in hybrid form in self-compacting concrete (SCC). In this regard SCC was prepared with Alccofine and Metakaolin as partial replacement for cement in 15% and 20% respectively along with the hybrid fibre combinations namely abaca fibres (0.25%, 0.5% & 0.75%), polypropylene fibres (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% & 2%) and glass fibres (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, & 2%). The fresh properties of SCC with and without hybrid fibre combinations were assessed through the standard tests such as slump flow, J ring and V-funnel tests. The conventional mechanical tests such as compressive strength test, split tensile strength test and flexural strength test were performed at 7 and 28 days. The experimental results reveal that the fresh properties of SCC were highly influenced by alccofine and Metakaolin adopted in this research. Furthermore, that the hybrid combination of abaca with polypropylene and glass fibres improved the mechanical properties of SCC and in particular the mix with 1% glass fibre and 0.25% Abaca fibre had shown better flexural and tensile strength behaviour. Microstructure analyses were also done to confirm the improvement in mechanical properties. The Scanning Electron Microscope images of the mix with 1% glass fibre and 0.25% abaca fibre showed less voids presence and presence of more hydrated components conveying that the usage of hybrid fibres had restricted the propagation of cracks there by reducing the percentage of voids and the use of metakaolin and alcofine helping in forming hydrated components at earlier stage leading to better strength.

Influence of Superplasticizers (Conplast Conplast SP 430) on Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete: An Experimental Investigation

Abstract: Super plasticizer has played a significant part in the recent issues of stability, particle suspension, particle segregation, flow properties, and cohesiveness in concrete. This study looked at how self-compacting concrete's characteristics and workability were affected by super plasticizer (SCC). Super plasticizers Conplast Conplast SP 430 is employed in the current investigation with concrete grades M30 and M40. Fresh concrete was used for the workability slump, compressive strength, and flexural strength test. On the hardened concrete, a test for compressive strength was performed. While every mix was acceptable, the one containing Conplast SP 430 had the best workability, compressive strength, and flexural strength. In the present investigation, it is show, how the cement content decreased by 23% and increasing compressive strength, flexural strength and reduced water –cement ratio also.

Use of Ground Calcium Carbonate for Self-compacting Concrete Development based on Various Water Content and Binder Compositions

Objective: The development of a Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) mixture requires a different composition compared to normal vibrated concrete. This experimental study was designed to propose a modification of the concrete mix design formula to produce an SCC mix that meets the specified requirements for both fresh and hardened concrete using Ground Calcium Carbonate (GCC) as local fine powder material. Methods: The research was carried out with a targeted compressive strength between 30 and 60 MPa. The materials that were used in this research were fine natural aggregate, crushed stone as a coarse aggregate with a maximum size of 19 mm, Portland pozzolan cement (PPC), GCC, freshwater, and high-range water reducer. The properties of fresh concrete were tested using the slump-flow test method, while the compressive strength test was carried out on 50 standard cylinders after 28 days of curing with water immersion. Results: Test results indicated that the compressive strength and fresh properties of SCC significantly depend on the water content, the water/cement ratio, the volume ratio between water to the total binder, and the weight ratio between the GCC and Portland cement. Conclusion: Furthermore, using the experimental data based on varied water content and binder compositions produces equations with a good fit for SCC mix design in the compressive strength range between 30 MPa to 60 MPa.

Experimental Study on the Strength Characteristics of M25 & M30 Grades of Self-Compaction Concrete by Partial Replacement of Saw Dust in Fine Aggregates

Abstract: Self - compacting concrete (SCC) is a high - execution concrete that can stream under its own load to totally fill the structure work and self-unites with next to no mechanical vibration. Such concretes are a speed up for the placement, to lessen the work prerequisites required for combination, getting done and wipe out ecological contamination. This will guarantee that the concrete acquired has great stream capacity, self-compacting capacity and other wanted SCC properties.Self-compacting concrete is a kind of concrete that gets under its self-weight. Self-compacting concrete is a type of concrete that gets under its self-weight. It is commonly abbreviated as the concrete. Which can placed and compacted in to every corner of a formwork; purely means of its self-weight by eliminating the need of either external energy input from vibrators or any type of compacting effort. There is a current trend in all over the world to utilize the treated and untreated industrial By-products, domestic wastes etc. as raw materials in concrete. These not only help in the reduce of the waste materials but also create a cleaner and greener environment. This report demonstrates the possibilities of using saw dust as partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. This experimental investigation was performed to evaluate the strength and durability properties of M25 and M30 grade of self compaction concrete, in which fine aggregate was partial, replaced with saw dust waste. Fine aggregate was replaced with four percentage (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%) of saw dust waste by weight. Fresh properties of self-compacting concrete were studied. Compression test and splitting tensile strength test were carried out to evaluate the strength properties of concrete at the age of 7, 14, and 28 days. Keywords: Self-compacting concrete (SCC), Saw dust, strength and durability properties of concrete, Compression test and splitting tensile strength test.

Assessment of M30 Grade Self Compaction Concrete by Partial Replacement of Bagasse Ash in Place of Cement and Glass Powder in Place of Fine Aggregate

Abstract: Self-compacting concrete (SCC), a recent innovation in concrete technology, has numerous advantages over conventional concrete. Self-compacting concrete, as the name indicates, is a type of concrete that does not require external or internal compaction, because it becomes leveled and consolidated under its self weight. SCC can spread and fill all corners of the formwork, purely by means of its self- weight, thus eliminating the need of vibration or any type of consolidating effort. This report demonstrates the possibilities of using Bagasse ash and Glass powder as partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate in concrete. This experimental investigation was performed to evaluate the strength properties of concrete, in which the cement is partially replaced by Bagasse ash and fine aggregate was partial replaced with Glass powder. Cement was replaced by weight with five percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) and fine aggregate was replaced with only one percentage (20%) of Glass powder by weight. Fresh properties of self-compacting concrete were studied. Compression test, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength test were carried out to evaluate the strength properties of concrete at the age of 7, 14, and 28 days. Keywords: Bagasse ash, Glass powder, Self-compacting concrete, splitting tensile strength, Compressive strength, flexural strength.

Optimum Percentage of Fly Ash as Cement Replacement and Effect on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a type of concrete that does not require vibration and undergoes compaction under its own self-weight. Cement being the major constituent of self-compacting concrete is very expensive. Thereby incorporating fly ash, a by-product obtained by burning coal in coal power plants, the percentage of cement can be reduced. Thus in this study, class C fly ash in varying percentages from 0 to 30% has been used as a partial replacement of cement. The main purpose is to study the effects of fly ash on mechanical behavior and durability properties of self-compacting concrete and to choose the optimum dosage of fly ash. To determine the mechanical behavior, fresh properties of self-compacting concrete were studied by performing Slump flow, J-ring, V-funnel, and L-box tests. Hardened properties were evaluated by performing the Compressive strength and Split tensile test. The durability was determined using the volume of voids and sorptivity test. Tests to study mechanical behavior were performed by casting cylinder, whereas, concrete discs were cast to perform durability tests. Finally, it was observed that the replacement of 25% Fly ash with cement was found to be the optimum percentage.

Recycling of bone china ceramic waste as cement replacement to produce sustainable self-compacting concrete

Ceramic waste (CW) is produced during the cutting and polishing stage in the ceramic industry, which is hazardous to the environment and requires a large area for its disposal. This study aims to see the incorporation of bone china ceramic waste (BCCW) in self-compacting concrete (SCC) as a partial substitution for cement. BCCW was used at a percentage of 0 to 40% with an improved step level of 10% through mass of cement. Different properties of SCC were examined for the fresh and hardened state. Various fresh properties of SCC as slump flow, V-funnel, L-box height, J-ring, and T500 were examined, and results are found acceptable within the EFNARC limitation. To assess the hardened property of concrete, compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and ultrasonic pulse velocity experiments were performed. The experimental results exhibited that incorporating up to 10% BCCW in SCC enhanced the compressive and flexural strength. However, on further inclusion of BCCW (beyond 10%), decrease in the strength of modified SCC was observed. Moreover, superior ultrasonic pulse velocity and better resistance to water absorption were found on the inclusion of up to 20% BCCW in SCC. The experimental results of scanning electron microscopic and X-ray diffraction also showed the dense concrete matrix and higher hydration products on the inclusion of up to 10% BCCW in SCC. Study concluded that the inclusion of up to 10% BCCW in SCC increases the fresh and hardened characteristics of concrete and can be effectively used in the concrete industry as a substitute material for natural sources.

A review of fresh properties of self-compacting concrete incorporating sugarcane bagasse ash

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a new generation concrete having high deformability in the fresh state and the ability to compact by itself without the use of vibrators, thus reducing time and labor. They are widely used nowadays in zones of congested reinforcements in concrete elements and structures. To achieve the necessary performance targets, SCC requires higher use of viscosity modifying agents and superplasticizers, which increase the cost of production significantly. Thereby, studies are being conducted for incorporating the use of agricultural wastes as partial substitutes for cement in SCC production to bring down the usage of the admixtures, along with lowering the cost. Agricultural wastes, such as sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), a waste generated from the sugar industry, if used as a partial replacement to cement after suitable processing, improve the fresh properties of SCC. The effect of fresh properties of SCC by the addition of SBA, as investigated by different authors is reviewed in this study. Results of slump flow test, V-funnel test, T500, L-box and J-ring test, obtained from the different papers are compiled and optimum content of SBA that has to be used for the required performance is concluded. Slump flow was observed to decrease with increasing SBA content in SCC, due to higher water absorption of the SBA particles, resulting in a more viscous concrete mix. Similarly, V-funnel time increased due to the increased viscosity. An increase was observed in T500, the time required for the slump flow to reach a diameter of 500 mm, as well. Thus, from analysis of the changes in the fresh properties, this literature review has helped us identify that a replacement of 10–15% cement with sugarcane bagasse ash provides desirable results.

The effects of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles on the properties of fresh and hardened self-consolidating concrete

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) due to several economical and technical advantages is increasingly used in construction industry. It can be improved on strength behavior when the particles are added. Although the workability as a significant factor for this concrete must be maintained. This investigation experimentally evaluated the effects of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) particles on the properties of either fresh or hardened SCC. This particles resulting from cutting and pulverizing water and bavarage bottles and plastic bags. Fresh properties of SCC have been investigated by slump flow, V-funnel and L-box tests. Hardended properties were tested for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, shrinkage and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests on different ages. The results showed that 3 Kg/m3 PET particles can be considered as suitable contents regarding to fresh and hardened properties of SCC. However, the addition of PET particles have caused a slight decrease in compressive strength.