Fresh Flesh Research Articles

Atlantic salmon adulteration authentication by machine learning using bioimpedance non-destructive flexible sensing

Temperature fluctuations at different stages of the supply chain increase the frozen-thawed cycle of perishable foods, potentially leading to quality and safety issues. For raw edible salmon in particular, it is not possible to ignore the issue of adulteration when frozen-thawed flesh is sold as fresh flesh. It is a challenge to achieve real-time detection of frozen-thawed salmon adulteration in fresh salmon. Existing impedance change ratio (Q-value) and PCA models cannot accurately authenticate frozen-thawed cycle adulterated salmon. In this paper, a flexible bioimpedance based non-destructive detection system was designed to authenticate adulterated salmon by online monitoring of changes in bioimpedance signals, ambient temperature, and relative humidity. The system provided a high level of monitoring accuracy and stability. Furthermore, an improved machine learning classification model based on principal component analysis - Bayesian optimization algorithm - support vector machine (PCA-BOA-SVM) was developed to effectively identify frozen-thawed adulterated salmon. The optimised model performance enhanced with prediction accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score of 0.9683, 0.9708, 0.9683 and 0.9679, respectively. This work could provide an effective solution to improve the authentication of food adulteration in the perishable food supply chain by improving traceability at all stages of the supply chain and sustainability of food industry development.

Ciabatta Bread Incorporating Goji (Lycium barbarum L.): A New Potential Functional Product with Impact on Human Health.

This work investigated the phytochemical content and bioactivity of Lycium barbarum collected in Calabria and evaluated, for the first time, the possibility of enriching traditional ciabatta bread with goji fresh flesh puree. For this purpose, goji flesh puree, bread, and bread enriched with 20% and 40% goji flesh puree (G20 and G40 samples, respectively) were subjected to several analyses. Selected compounds were quantified by UHPLC analysis in both goji fresh flesh puree and after simulation of the cooking process. The impact of the addition on key enzymes (lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase) related to metabolic syndrome was assessed together with the antioxidant properties. Texture, colourimetric, and sensory analyses on enriched bread were performed to evaluate consumer acceptance. Despite cooking, the enriched bread maintained good levels of bioactive compounds compared to the berry pulp alone (p < 0.01). The enriched bread showed the ability to protect against lipid peroxidation, with IC50 values of 6.88 and 6.52 μg/mL for samples G20 and G40, respectively, after incubation for 30 min (p < 0.01). Although less active than the control, the enriched bread showed inhibitory activities against the enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates. From a sensory point of view, the addition of goji fresh pulp puree slightly modified the appearance but not the flavour and taste of the bread. Collectively, our results support the potential healthy function of this baked product.

Meat and fish packaging and its impact on the shelf life – a review

The shelf life of fresh meat and fish is highly dependent on packaging technologies. The aim of any packaging system for fresh flesh foods is to prevent or delay undesirable changes to the appearance, flavour, odour, and texture. Moreover, microbial contamination, together with lipid and protein oxidation, are major concerns for meat and products thereof in terms of food safety. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is widely applied in the packaging of both meat and fish. This packaging technology extends shelf life and improves appearance; however, several variables must be considered, such as temperature control and differences in gas compositions in combination with different types of meat. This review provides an overview of the available information on packaging technologies, from the perspectives of their characteristics, application types, and effects on the shelf life of poultry, meat, and fish. Special attention is paid to the MAP and active packaging.

Citrus peels in cosmetics

Citrus, in addition to the undoubted taste values appreciated for many centuries, are also characterized by significant health-promoting properties, thanks to the natural ingredients with significant activity. Around the world, the most consumed part of citrus is fresh flesh or the juice squeezed from it. The residue in the form of skins is treated by consumers as waste, but in fact it is a rich source of molasses, pectins and polyphenols, vitamins, mineral salts, essential oils and carotenoids with antioxidant activity. These substances very often appear in cosmetics that are use for face skin care. They can delay the formation of wrinkles and help to maintain skin elasticity.

Evolution of the characteristics of the hackberry (Celtis australis L.) fresh flesh stored under refrigeration conditions

The characteristics of the hackberry (Celtis australis L.) fresh flesh stored under refrigeration conditions during ten weeks have been investigated. The hackberries were harvested at maturity (October) in Moratalla (Spain). The flesh was obtained using a pilot scale rotational sieve. Sterile plastic containers of 150 grams were fully filled with the hackberry fresh flesh and stored at 5ºC. Three containers were sampled at time intervals (initial, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks). The following parameters were analysed in the samples of hackberry fresh flesh: physicochemical characteristics (pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, colour, moisture and water activity) and the microbiology (bacteria, yeasts and moulds). The results indicated that the pH decreased from 6.7 (initial) to 5.1 (10 weeks) and the titratable acidity increased from 0.48 g ACA/100 g (initial) to 1.26 g ACA/100 g (10 weeks), while the other physicochemical characteristics were constants during the ten weeks of refrigerated storage. The microorganisms were the key factor to stablish the acceptability of the fresh flesh. There was only the growth of the aerobic mesophilic from 9.0 x 105 cfu/g (initial) to 3.5 x 107 (8 weeks) and 2.8 x 107 (10 weeks of refrigerated storage). These results are to be considered for the use of the refrigerated hackberry fresh flesh as a natural ingredient at both domestic and industrial level.

Black Sea Mussels Qualitative and Quantitative Chemical Analysis: Nutritional Benefits and Possible Risks through Consumption.

Mussels have a particular nutritional value, representing a highly valued food source and thus sought after worldwide. Their meat is a real culinary delicacy, rich in proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, trace elements, enzymes, and vitamins. The seasonal variation of mussels’ biochemical composition has been studied to determine the best harvesting period to capitalize on various biologically active fractions. In this work biochemical determinations have been performed on fresh flesh samples of Mytilus galloprovincialis specimens from the Black Sea coast to study seasonal variations in mussels’ biochemical compounds. An analysis of significant lipid classes and the fatty acid composition of lipid extracts obtained from mussel flesh has also been performed. Since mussels retain pollutants from the marine environment, in parallel, the concentration of heavy metals in the meat of mussels collected for the analysis of the chemical composition was investigated. The impact and risk of heavy metal poisoning due to food consumption of mussels contaminated due to pollution of the marine harvesting area was evaluated by the bio-concentration factor of metals and estimated daily intakes of heavy metals through mussel consumption.

Impact of the variety on the adsorption of anthocyanins and tannins on grape flesh cell walls.

During winemaking, after extraction from the skins, anthocyanins and tannins adsorb onto the pulp flesh cell walls. The present study aimed to quantify the amounts adsorbed and their impact on wine composition, the impact of variety and ethanol on adsorption, and whether the presence of anthocyanins plays a role and impacts tannin adsorption. Anthocyanin and tannin fractions obtained by mimicking winemaking conditions were mixed with fresh flesh cell walls of two varieties: Carignan and Grenache. Adsorption isotherms were measured. Adsorption of tannins was higher with Carignan than with Grenache and decreased when the ethanol content increased. In comparison, anthocyanins were adsorbed in small amounts, and their mixing with tannins had no impact on their adsorption. The differences were related to differences in pulp cell wall composition, particularly in terms of extensins and arabinans. Adsorption of tannins, which can reach 50% of the initial amount, depends on the pulp cell wall composition. This needs to be investigated further. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK OLAHAN LABU KUNING BAGI PETANI BENIH LABU KUNING DI KECAMATAN TEGALSARI, KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI

Tegalrejo village is one of distric that produced yellow pumpkin largest in Banyuwangi. Most of people in Tegalrejo village were yellow pumpkin farmers who produced seed of yellow pumpkin for sale. Selling seeds of yellow pumpkin has been coorporate contract system with PT. Panah Merah Jember. Needed seeds was provided by PT. Panah Merah Jember while the land, production equipments and worker was provided by farmers. Waste production of seeds yellow pumpkin was fresh flesh of yellow pumpkin fruit. As long as, it just discarded by farmers if the harvest time yellow pumpkin. Even, it can be used feed to cows, goats and chicken.  Methods:  Community Partnership Program is implemented by the team of State Polytechnic of Jember aims to increase the economic value of pumpkin by producing various processed yellow pumpkin eggroll, Bolu steamed, roti tawar, foodbar, cookies and jelly drink drinks. The types of training provided is to provide training for production step of various processed pumpkin, packaging training yellow pumpkin products, marketing strategy training, mentoring and monitoring and evluation of PKM.Results: Participants consisted of wife’s of farmers and they are 20 persons. The results of this activity was they can made variant product from yellow pumpkin fruit for example steamed cake, eggroll, cookies, food bar, bread and jelly drink. After they made the various product pumpkin, they can sale in e-commere like shopee, so they get extra income.  Monitoring carried out by visiting some of the participants in the pengabmas. The process of mentoring and monitoring has resulted in a PIRT filing document and PIRT result is PIRT number 206-3510021110-23.Conclusion: Increased knowledge of participans to produced variant product from yellow pumpkin. The product of yellow pumpkin can sale in e-commere and they get extra income.     Keywords : yellow pumpkin fruit, variant product of yellow pumpkin, e-commere, extra income

Effect of Fruit Maturity on Microstructural Changes and Oil Yield during Cold‐Pressed Oil Extraction of ‘Hass’ Avocado

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of avocado fruit maturity (as estimated by time of harvest during the season) on cold‐pressed oil yield. ‘Hass’ avocado fruit at six different stages of on‐tree maturity (harvested between September and April 2016/2017) were processed in a commercial cold‐pressed oil extraction plant. After destoning and grinding, the fruit pulp was malaxed for 120 min. Avocado pulp samples were examined by light microscopy, electrical conductivity, and electrical impedance spectroscopy. More intact parenchyma cells were observed by microscopy in early‐season fruit. The greatest cell disruption occurred after the grinding step as shown by electrical resistance values. The late‐season fruit were found to have higher conductivity and lower electrical resistance values which indicated more cell disruption occurred during extraction. Cell walls extracted from fruit harvested later in the season showed a higher yield of the water‐soluble polysaccharides and a lower yield of the trans‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (CDTA)‐soluble polysaccharides. The cold‐pressed oil extraction yield (g oil/100 g fresh flesh) was found to increase with fruit maturity from 10.4 in the early season to 22.5 (g oil/100 g fresh flesh) in the late season. The extraction efficiency (cold‐pressed extraction yield/total oil content) also increased from early season (77.2%) to late season (96.6%). In conclusion, the avocado flesh cellular structure ruptured more easily in late‐season fruit suggesting of a contribution to more oil release and improved extraction yields.

Effect of different preparation techniques of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) extracts on normal human fibroblast viability

Red dragon fruit is one of the popular fruits that have been widely used both for consumption and food coloring. The red dragon fruit peel and flesh contain various antioxidant compounds that can be used as pharmaceutics and nutraceuticals. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various extract preparations of the peel and the flesh of red dragon fruit on the viability of normal human fibroblasts. Seven conditions of peel and flesh extracts were prepared as follows, i.e. dried peel ethanolic extract, fresh blended peel ethanolic extract, dried flesh, fresh blended flesh ethanolic extract, blended fresh flesh, filtrate of pressed flesh, and pomace of pressed flesh. Each sample preparation was tested for its effect on the viability of normal human fibroblasts using MTT assay. Results showed that dried peel ethanolic extract reduce cell viability. Red dragon fruit flesh extracts caused no significant effect on the fibroblast viability. In conclusion, the fruit flesh extracts are relatively safer to normal cells than the peel extracts. IC 50 value of the ethanolic extract of dried peel was 55.38±3.85 µg/mL, while the IC 50 value of various types of flesh extract were more than 500 µg/mL.

Carotenoid Analysis of Ripe Banana Flesh and Peel from Three Cultivars of Banana

Banana peel is a promising source to be utilized in fortification of food products due to the high content of carotenoids (Cars) which are active as provitamin A. Dominant, total and relative concentrations of Cars were determined from fresh flesh and peel in three cultivars of banana obtained from Raja, Ambon Kuning, and Kepok Kuning. To evaluate the difference in Car compositions principal component analysis (PCA) was also performed. Based on chromatographic, spectroscopic, and mass spectrometric analyses, dominant Cars were separated and identified to be lutein, α-carotene and β-carotene. Lutein was the major Car of fresh peel, while other two Cars were found in fresh flesh in addition to lutein. Raja banana had the highest total concentration of Cars among three banana samples used. PCA results generated from the absorption spectra showed three clusters of the different banana samples. PCA results are correlated to their Car compositions and this method might be applicable for the determination of dominant Cars.

Psychiatrie et violences intrafamiliales. Quand dire c’est aliéner

ObjectiveThis article examines the effects of the forced marriage injunction on ten girls. Paternal aunts ordered them to stop theirs studies and marry men chosen by their families. This extreme severity provokes hostile conflict, school demotivation, and fear to be subjected to the husband's arbitrariness. The article presents clinical data collecting and analyzing method, effects of this injunction and three profiles of emancipation. MethodThe participants of the study are 16 to 18 year's old immigrant's girls who are recruited through an intercultural association where the author has a research contract on domestic violence. They come from African families where parental and social authority is carried by the father, mother and paternal aunt. Migratory process, as well as plural, complex even divergent cultural legacies exposes them to cumulative traumas. The injunction of forced marriage exasperates their vulnerability, weakens their psychological resources and hinders on their efforts to work through the pathogenic traces of these legacies. The author conducted four research interviews aimed at renewing the state of knowledge about adolescent processes facing the forced marriage injunction. The first two interviews aimed to create a bond of trust with the girls and clarify their problem, the third to assess their degree of vulnerability. The last aimed to study the links of descent, generational transmission and conflicts of loyalty. The analysis evaluates the quality of biopsychosocial maturation. ResultsEffects – The aunt's injunctive speech denies the verifiable and evaluative dimension of language risks. It makes an alienating interpretation of female destiny. The adolescents live it like a cruelty that condemns them to become slaves in the social and conjugal bond. It has visibly alienated psychic conflicts into pathogenic ones, created hatred and mutual rejection. It has also created confusion in the language between aunts and nieces. The aunts are trapped in a compulsion of repetition of an obsolete custom and seem blind to their niece's request for initiation into becoming responsible and autonomous. This request has turned into a nightmare that engulfs them with anguish and fantasies of being banished, killed or sacrificed as a “fresh flesh” to the husband's arbitrary speech and behavior. Three emancipation profilesFor two girls, oscillation between hope and intense depression related to multiple crisis of mental maturation has turned into depression diagnosed by a psychiatrist. But the psychiatric care, followed by psychological and social one allowed them to find a psychic balance and to resume their studies. Three girls made a positive cultural transgression. Breaking taboos and loyalty conflicts, they summoned their parents before a public authority, provoked an intercultural conflict mediated by the law and justice. They understood that the custom transgressed the rules of the palaver, discussion of a family drama or social in a space protecting the protagonists against the arbitrary of the language and the behaviors. Their transgression is thus a counter-transgression that demands to play reasonably with words, scenes and conduct to create the meaning of living together. Five girls, who conceived their problem as generational, asked for community mediation. They realized that their aunts and grandmothers cannot help them emancipate themselves because they all are caught in a compulsion to repeat an androcentric social model and its discourse that only value them as producers of boys, future soldiers, fathers or lineage continuators. This model has become unsuitable. Girls solicit grandfathers and religious leaders who are aware of this obsolescence and who are empowered by their authority and place to bring about cultural change in the community. ConclusionLanguage, the fundamental tool for the psychic maturation of individuals and societies, can create a pathogenic emancipation conflict between adults and adolescents and lead to devastating arbitrariness. In this context, some adolescents go through a positive cultural transgression to access the maturation of their psychic processes.

LW-NIR hyperspectral imaging for rapid prediction of TVC in chicken flesh

Total viable count (TVC) is often used as an important indicator for chicken freshness evaluation. In this study, 112 fresh chicken flesh samples were acquired after slaughtered and their hyperspectral images were collected in the LW-NIR (900-1700 nm) range. The full LW-NIR spectra (486 wavebands) within the images were extracted and applied to related to reference TVC values measured in different storage period, using partial least squares regression (PLSR) algorithm, resulting in high correlation coefficients (R) and low root mean square errors (RMSE), for either raw spectra or pretreatment spectra. By using regression coefficients (RC) method, 20, 18, 17 and 20 optimal wavebands were respectively selected from raw spectra, baseline correction (BC) spectra, Savitzky-Golay convolution smoothing (SGCS) spectra and standard normal variate (SNV) spectra and applied for the optimization of original full waveband PLSR model. By comparison, RC-PLSR model based on the SGCS spectra showed a better performance in TVC prediction with RC of 0.98 and RMSEC of 0.35 log10 CFU/g in calibration set, and RP of 0.98 and RMSEP of 0.44 log10 CFU/g in prediction set. At last, by transferring the best RC-PLSR model, the dynamic TVC change during the storage was visualized by color maps to indicate the TVC spoilage degree. The overall study revealed that LW-NIR hyperspectral imaging combined with PLSR could be used to predict the freshness of chicken flesh. Keywords: hyperspectral imaging, chicken, TVC, partial least square regression (PLSR) DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191203.4444 Citation: H Wang, H J He, H J Ma, F S Chen, Z L Kang, M M Zhu, et al. LW-NIR hyperspectral imaging for rapid prediction of TVC in chicken flesh. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(3): 180–186.

Olej kokosowy – możliwości zastosowań kosmetycznych

Coconut oil is a substance obtained form coconut palm fruit grown mainly in Africa. It is a material with many application. It is valued by the cosmetic industry and enjoys an increasing interest of individual clients. To learn its properties and possibilities of use in the cosmetic industry, the literature from 2004-2018 was reviewed. Copra is the part of the fruit that is rich of fatty compounds, carbohydrates and proteins. Depending on the methods of obtaining several types of coconut oil are distinguished: coconut butter, coconut oil extracted from copra, fractionated coconut oil and coconut oil from fresh flesh. Each one of these materials due to differences in composition may have other cosmetic properties. Coconut oil is a product rich in medium chain fatty acids, contains vitamin E and K, iron and phenolic compounds. Because of that it has some antioxidant effect, enhancing cellular and anti-aging immunity. In traditional and modern cosmetology it is valued for its ability to bind water, retain it in deeper skin layers and to create a protective antimicrobial barrier. It has been shown that coconut oil reduces the colonization of Candida fungi and also has relativity high SPF index in comparison with other vegetables oils. All these properties also make it extremely useful in haircare. Many studies confirm positive effect of using coconut oil in case of atopic dermatitis, hyperkeratosis and dryness. It is use in massage salons as an excellent lubricant. His role in skin care of newborns was also indicated. Coconut oil is safe and relatively cheap compound but it is use in many aspects is conditioned only by traditional knowledge not supported by many research. Returning to natural sources of cosmetics raw materials requires increasing efforts towards scientific confirmation of their operation.

Cookie-cutter shark Isistius brasiliensis eats Bryde’s whale Balaenoptera brydei

We examined the stomach contents of cookie-cutter sharks, Isistius brasiliensis, collected by drift-net surveys in the western North Pacific in the early summer. The stomachs contained fresh flesh plugs and cephalopod beaks. Approximately half of the flesh plugs were identified as Bryde’s whale, Balaenoptera brydei, based on genetic analysis, and several of the lower beaks were identified as boreal clubhook squid, Onychoteuthis borealijaponica. The range of estimated dorsal mantle lengths for the squids was 60–172 mm. These results are evidence of predation by of cookie-cutter sharks on cetaceans and of an overlap in the vertical distribution of both species.

Antifungal and cytotoxic activities of extracts obtained from underutilised edible tropical fruits

Objective: To evaluate antifungal and cytotoxic activities of four underutilised fruit species, i.e. Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit), Cynometra cauliflora (nam-nam), Mangifera pajang (M. pajang) (Bambangan) and Physalis minima (wild gooseberry). Methods: Extracts from the fresh flesh of Artocarpus altilis and Cynometra cauliflora, the flesh and kernel of M. pajang, and the whole fruit of Physalis minima were obtained by sequential extraction using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and distilled water. Each extract was assessed against six species of human fungal pathogens using a colourimetric broth microdilution method. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using African monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells. Results: All 30 extracts showed inhibitory activity against Cryptococcus neoformans. However, none of the extracts were active against Aspergillus fumigatus. The ethanol, methanol and water extracts from the kernel of M. pajang fruit showed the strongest activity against three species of Candida and Trichophyton interdigitale, with a minimum inhibitory concentration range of 0.001 - 0.630 mg/mL. The corresponding mean 50% cytotoxic concentrations for these three extracts were 358.7, 158.4 and 261.3 μg/mL, respectively against Vero cells. In contrast, the flesh of M. pajang fruit (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts) showed statistically significant (P

Biometric evaluation of twelve olive cultivars under rainfed conditions in the region of Calabria, South Italy

Biometrics are widely considered in table olive and olive oil production. Fruit size, flesh content and flesh/pit ratio are among the most important parameters in table olive processing, whereas oil and water content are among the most important parameters in olive oil production. In this work, twelve parameters from drupes of 12 cultivars in three harvest years 2014, 2015, 2016 (Region of Calabria, South Italy) were studied. Fruit weight was highest in Nocellara Messinese cv (more than 5 g in all the three considered harvest years) for this reason these fruits are preferred for table olives processing. Ottobratica cv showed the lowest number of fruits/kg as a consequence of the high weight of its drupes. Pit or stone (endocarp) weight was lowest in Ottobratica, Pendolino and Roggianella cvs (less than 0.5 g). Fresh flesh (mesocarp) weight was highest in Nocellara Messinese cv (4.26 – 4.49 g) and in Picholine cv (3.68 – 3.88 g), whereas flesh dry weight was highest in Frantoio and in Roggianella (more than 40% on pitted fruit), these last two cvs also showed the lowest moisture content i.e. less than 60% on pitted fruit. The longest drupes (longitudinal diameter) were produced by Nocellara Messinese and Picholine cvs measuring more than 25 mm, these two cvs produced also the fruits showing the highest horizontal diameter more than 18 and more than 16 mm respectively. In 10 from 12 cvs the highest oil content was found on 2016 and Pendolino cv showed the lowest content on 2014 and 2015. Cultivar and harvest year showed a highly significant influence on the olive fruit biometrics.

Biological analysis on extractives of bayberry fresh flesh by GC-MS.

Bayberry has been largely planted in China, and the waste of fresh flesh of bayberry was still abandoned. Therefore, the extractives of fresh flesh of bayberry were studied to further utilize the bio-resources. Through the Foss method, the result shown that ketone, aldehyde, ester and acid compounds were accounted for 1.30, 92.61, 0.54 and 6.09% of the extractives which were extracted from fresh flesh of bayberry by methanol solvents. Aldehyde, bicyclic sesquiterpenes, acid, ester and alcohol compounds accounted for 53.74, 9.95, 28.49, 6.79 and 1.05% of the extractives which were extracted from fresh flesh of bayberry by ethanol solvents. Ketone, aldehyde, carbohydrate, acid and ester compounds accounted for 4.77, 77.95, 12.06, 4.77 and 0.44% of the extractives which were extracted from fresh flesh of bayberry by ethyl acetate solvents. The extractives of fresh flesh of bayberry were rich in rare drug and biomedical activities and the ethanol is more better to extract the fresh flesh of bayberry.

Study on biomolecules in extractives of Camellia oleifera fruit shell by GC-MS.

This study aims to present an integrated process that can be used to produce biomedical and biological active components from the fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel. Through the Foss method, Aldehyde, acid compounds, acyl and alcohol compounds account for 22.7, 15.93, 0.24 and 61.13% of the extractives which were extracted from Camellia oleifera fruit shell by methanol solvents. Furfural, Pyrazole-4-carboxaldehyde, 1-methyl- and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural account for 4.74, 1.22 and 58.78% of the extractives which were extracted from the fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel by ethanol solvents. Aldehyde, acid and amine compounds account for 5.01, 56.18 and 7.20% of the extractives which were extracted from the fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel by ethyl acetate solvents. The extractives of fresh flesh of bayberry were rich in rare drug, biomedical and biological activities.

Analisis Nilai Impedansi Listrik pada Daging Ikan Nila Berformalin

Electrical impedance can be used as a non-destructive method to determine the bio-electrical characteristics on biological materials. Analysis of the electrical impedance value by using an electrode needle method has been applied to the tilapia flesh which aims to determine the bio-electrical characteristics on tilapia flesh, and determine the effect of formalin on it. The measurements were carried out to compare the characteristics of bio-electrical characteristics of the fresh tilapia flesh, the tilapia flesh soaked in formalin, and the one that was lay without any preservation treatment at a 10 Hz - 200 kHz frequency. The result shows that the impedance value characteristics of the fresh tilapia flesh decreased as long as the increase of frequency. Both the preserved and the rotten tilapia flesh have the decreased impedance value. The concentration of formalin immersion is directly proportional with the value of electrical impedance.