Fresh Commodities Research Articles

Protecting celtuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. augustana) slices against storage-induced oxidative stress and discoloration by using diode laser exposure

Diode laser irradiation is a novel approach applied to preserve the quality of fresh commodities and minimise oxidative processes, including browning in fresh-cut products. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of diode laser treatment in enhancing the quality of celtuce slices during refrigerated storage at 4 °C. The celtuce slices were subjected to a 660 or 450 nm diode laser for 5 min and then stored for 10 d. Both laser treatments hindered the progression of weight loss and firmness increase in the celtuce slices. The use of a 450 nm diode laser effectively prevented the development of browning and preserved the surface colour by inhibiting the increase in a* and overall colour difference values, as compared to other treatments, during storage for 10 d. The diode laser treatment suppressed the increase in oxidative stress by lowering the levels of MDA, H2O2, and O-2 while retaining a high level of DPPH scavenging activity, AsA, and antioxdant enzyme activities, including SOD, CAT, APX, and GR, in comparison to the untreated slices. The treatment enhanced chlorophylls content due to the up-regulation of LsHEMA1 gene and down-regulation of LsNYC1 gene. The treatment also inhibited factors involving enzymatic browning reaction by suppressing PAL activity, total phenols content, PPO activity and LsPPO gene expression. These suggest that the blue diode laser exposure at 450 nm for 5 min is an effective approach hindering oxidative stress and discoloration of celtuce slices during storage.

Comparing the biological effectiveness of low energy 100 kV and high energy 5 MeV X-rays against Oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae).

Radioisotope irradiators (using cesium-137 or cobalt-60) are used as sources of ionizing radiation to control quarantine or phytosanitary insect pests in internationally traded fresh commodities and to sterilize insects used in sterile insect release programs. There are institutional initiatives to replace isotopic irradiators (producing γ-rays) with lower-energy X-ray machines due to concerns about radiological terrorism and increasingly stringent regulations on the movement of radioisotopes. Questions remain about whether the biological effects of low-energy X-rays are comparable to those of γ-rays since differences in energy levels and dose rates of X-rays may have different efficacies. We compared adult emergence, flight ability, and adult survival in the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritdae), after irradiation of third instar larvae with 100 kV or 5 MeV (5,000 kV) X-rays at 20 and 40 Gy in replicated studies. At 20 Gy, the adult emergence rate was significantly lower after irradiation with 100 kV compared to 5 MeV X-rays, suggesting higher efficacy at the lower energy level. In a follow-up study using 100 kV X-rays, applying 20 Gy using a slow dose rate (0.24 Gy min-1) resulted in significantly higher adult emergence than did a fast dose rate (3.3 Gy min-1), suggesting lower efficacy. Although our study suggests higher efficacy of low energy 100 kV X-rays, there is uncertainty in measuring the dose from an X-ray tube operating at 100 kV using an ionization chamber; we discuss how this uncertainty may change the interpretation of the results. Using a 100 kV X-ray irradiator to develop a phytosanitary treatment may underestimate the dose required for insect control using commercial high-energy γ-ray or X-ray systems.

A Study of Fresh Commodities Sales Analysis Based on Time Series Modeling - Taking Vegetable Category Commodities as an Example

A Study of Fresh Commodities Sales Analysis Based on Time Series Modeling - Taking Vegetable Category Commodities as an Example

Investigating the crucial role of logistics service quality in customer satisfaction for fresh e-commerce: A mutually validating method based on SERVQUAL and service encounter theory

The incessant advancement of e-commerce has brought promising opportunities for vending fresh commodities and stimulated the ongoing growth in the demand for fresh products. Logistics services serve as a vital link between fresh e-commerce and customers, playing a pivotal role in enhancing customer satisfaction and fostering the sustainable growth of businesses. Therefore, this study endeavors to investigate the correlation between logistics service quality and customer satisfaction within the context of fresh e-commerce, while also identifying the pivotal factors that impact logistics service quality. Initially, a novel logistics service quality measurement scale is developed based on the SERVQUAL model. Then, the study formulates the first hypothesis testing model using customer expectations and perceived value as mediating variables. Subsequently, incorporating the service encounter theory, the constructed logistics service quality measurement factors are re-clustered to establish distinct encounter dimensions and to formulate the second hypothesis testing model, which includes mediating variables of customer emotions and perceived value. Finally, empirical data are gathered and subjected to regression analysis and structural equation modeling to mutually validate both models employing identical input indicators. Results suggest that logistics service quality significantly impacts customer satisfaction across the delineated factors within the five dimensions of the SERVQUAL model, alongside the four aspects of service encounters. Moreover, in the fresh e-commerce sector, customer perceived value, service expectations, and customer emotions play crucial mediating roles between logistics service quality and customer satisfaction. These findings hold practical implications for fresh e-commerce businesses aiming to enhance the service quality of logistics operations and achieve sustainable development in a customer-centric market context.

Color and Firmness Quality Changes of Java Apple During Postharvest Transportation and Storage

Transportation vibration adversely affects fresh produce during transportation. In addition, storage temperature affects the quality of fresh commodities. The physical changes in Java apples during transportation and storage were evaluated in this study. Java apples were transported from local farms to wholesale markets (180 km). Java apples were stored at room temperature (28°C) for six days. Physical qualities such as weight loss and firmness of the Java apple samples were evaluated. The RGB image acquisition system was used to assess changes in the color of the Java apple. The vibration showed that more than 70% of the acceleration occurred between 220-290 cm/s2 in the vertical and horizontal directions during transportation. Analysis showed that physical qualities, such as weight loss and firmness, were strongly affected by the packaging used, vibration during transportation, and storage temperature. The weight loss and reduction in firmness was highest in Java apples transported using wholesaler packaging (packaging A). The lightness, yellowness, and hue values decreased significantly because transportation vibration was relatively high, and the Java apples were stored at room temperature. Redness, total color difference, and color index increased significantly in Java apples that were transported using package A and stored at room temperature. The results showed that the use of transportation packaging affected changes in the physical quality of Java apples. Packaging A generally increase in weight loss, hardness, and changes in fruit color than other packaging types.

Occurrence and molecular characteristics of antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolated from the retail produce commodities in Bangkok, Thailand

The incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment is often overlooked and leads to serious health threats under the One Health paradigm. Infection with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in humans and animals has been widely examined, with the mode of transmission routes such as food, water, and contact with a contaminated environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence and molecular characteristics of resistant Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) (n = 59) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) (n = 392) isolated from produce commodities collected from fresh markets and supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand. In this study, the S. enterica isolates exhibited the highest prevalence of resistance to tetracycline (11.9%) and streptomycin (8.5%), while the E. coli isolates were predominantly resistant to tetracycline (22.5%), ampicillin (21.4%), and sulfamethoxazole (11.5%). Among isolates of S. enterica (6.8%) and E. coli (15.3%) were determined as multidrug resistant (MDR). The prevalence of ESBL-producing isolates was 5.1% and 1.0% in S. enterica and E. coli, respectively. A minority of S. enterica isolates, where a single isolate exclusively carried blaCTX-M-55 (n = 1), and another isolate harbored both blaCTX-M-55 and blaTEM-1 (n = 1); similarly, a minority of E. coli isolates contained blaCTX-M-55 (n = 2) and blaCTX-M-15 (n = 1). QnrS (11.9%) and blaTEM (20.2%) were the most common resistant genes found in S. enterica and E. coli, respectively. Nine isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin contained point mutations in gyrA and parC. In addition, the odds of resistance to tetracycline among isolates of S. enterica were positively associated with the co-occurrence of ampicillin resistance and the presence of tetB (P = 0.001), while the E. coli isolates were positively associated with ampicillin resistance, streptomycin resistance, and the presence of tetA (P < 0.0001) in this study. In summary, these findings demonstrate that fresh vegetables and fruits, such as cucumbers and tomatoes, can serve as an important source of foodborne AMR S. enterica and E. coli in the greater Bangkok area, especially given the popularity of these fresh commodities in Thai cuisine.

The Postharvest Safety and Quality of Fresh Basil as Affected by the Use of Cypriot Oregano (Origanum dubium) Extracts

The use of natural products (including essential oil—EO from medicinal and aromatic plants) on fresh commodities such as leafy greens has gained a lot of attention due to the beneficial effects of those products. However, fresh herbs are highly perishable commodities, and very little is known for their postharvest preservation. The present study aimed to (i) investigate the effects of Cypriot oregano (Origanum dubium) EO and hydrosol (at different concentrations and times of application) on fresh basil’s quality attributes and preservation and (ii) examine the efficacy of selected doses of O. dubium EO and hydrosol against two major foodborne pathogens inoculated on fresh basil stored at 4 °C for six days. The results of the current study indicated that the application of O. dubium EO at high concentrations in combination with a longer dipping time presented a less aromatic (less basil-like aroma) and preferable commodity, whereas hydrosol application resulted in a more acceptable and marketable commodity. In addition, an increase in antioxidant capacity and ascorbic acid content were observed with the EO, whilst hydrosol application was found to decrease basil’s antioxidant capacity. Both investigated products (EO and hydrosol) where found to present great antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on fresh basil even six days after the application. Overall, the investigated natural products (i.e., O. dubium EO and hydrosol) could be considered alternative sanitizing agents during the postharvest processing of fresh basil, whilst preserving and/or improving its nutritional value (i.e., an increase in antioxidants or flavonoids). However, caution should be taken when using it at high concentrations; thus, further research is needed for future commercial-scale use and on other fresh produce.

Origanum dictamnus Essential Oil in Vapour or Aqueous Solution Application for Pepper Fruit Preservation against Botrytis cinerea

The use of synthetic sanitizers for fresh commodities preservation is of concern, with eco-friendly alternatives, including essential oils (EOs), attracting research and industry interest. Dittany (Origanum dictamnus—DIT) oil was applied, either through vapour or dipping, on pepper fruit or in vitro against Botrytis cinerea, and compared to untreated (control) or chlorine (CHL)-treated fruits stored at 11 °C. Direct DIT vapours (up to 6 d) suppressed lesion growth, spore germination, and spore production compared to the untreated fruits. The antimicrobial properties of EOs were evidenced in pre-exposed-to-DIT oil vapours (residual effect), resulting in fruit lesion suppression. However, DIT-pretreated fruits had the same spore production and spore germination as the control and CHL applications. In in vitro tests, DIT vapours decreased colony growth and spore production when fungi were grown on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) or PDA pre-exposed to DIT following B. cinerea inoculation. This evidenced that the disease suppression after DIT vapour application primarily affected the interaction of the fruit–pathogen and/or residual responses on fruit tissue and/or PDA media. Fungal biomass in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) was evaluated after DIT and CHL applications (10–50–100–500–5000 μL L−1) and decreased with the DIT oil. Additionally, DIT or CHL sanitary dipping on pepper was ineffective against B. cinerea compared to vapour application. Therefore, DIT vapours revealed antimicrobial properties and could be an alternative postharvest sanitiser. DIT oil application should also be evaluated at semi-commercial scale for further optimizations, prior to commercialisation.

Research on Replenishment and Pricing Strategies for Fresh Commodities in Supermarket

Research on Replenishment and Pricing Strategies for Fresh Commodities in Supermarket

Acute and chronic exposure risks of insecticide residues in fresh commodities collected from Bursa province markets during winter season

This study shows the findings about pesticide residues and the associated acute and chronic exposure risks of different fresh commodities collected from different markets located in Bursa province during 2023 winter season. For this purpose, pesticide residue levels of the collected samples were analysed with LC-MS/MS. Highest levels of insecticide and acaricide residues were detected in some lettuce, parsley, dill, carrot, pear, mandarin and banana samples and they were exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL). The acute and the chronic exposures to pesticides were assessed by using the highest and the average redidue levels of each pesticide respectively. Highest acute exposure was calculated as acute reference dose (ARfD) exceedance rate and it was 104.27% for indoxacarb in apples, 107.06% and 137.11% for lambda-cyhalothrin in pears and mandarins, and 158.2% for phosmet in pears. For all commodity types, none of the pesticide residues displayed chronic hazard. When the cumulative long-term exposure evaluated, none of the insecticides was found to be risky for adults. The findings showed that the levels of insecticide residues on lettuce, parsley, dill, carrot, apple, pear, mandarin, orange and banana samples collected from Bursa markets in winter 2023 could not be considered as an important public health risk.

Application of Lavender and Rosemary Essential Oils (EOs), Their Mixture and Eucalyptol (EOs Main Compound) on Cucumber Fruit Quality Attributes and Microbial Load

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), one of the most widely consumed vegetables, presents high perishability during storage and marketing if it is not handled and stored properly. Currently, there is an increased interest of the food industry to reduce waste (due to quality losses) and to utilize natural products for the preservation of fresh commodities. This study’s goal was to evaluate the effects of lavender (Lav) and rosemary (Ros) essential oils (EOs), their mixture (Lav + Ros, 1:1 v/v) and their main compound (eucalyptol) via vapor phase on cucumber’s postharvest quality. The outcomes of this study demonstrated that 200 μL/L of Lav and Ros EOs increased the respiration rate of cucumbers after 10 days of storage at 11 °C, while 100 μL/L of the EOs mixture and Eucalyptol (100 and 200 μL/L) had no effect on respiration, on the same day. The application of Eucalyptol (100 and 200 μL/L) resulted in less acceptable fruits (less pleasant aroma and unpleasant taste). A decrease in fruit firmness was found in cucumbers exposed to Lav 200 μL/L and Ros 100 μL/L. Interestingly, Eucalyptol was found to accelerate the fruit ripening index after five days of storage, and to decrease organoleptic properties of the fruit (i.e., aroma, taste) on the fifth day of storage. The fruit revealed increased oxidative stress (i.e., increased lipid peroxidation), especially at a high concentration (200 μL/L) of Eucalyptol after 10 days. This has resulted in the activation of other non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms such as the increase in fruit ascorbic acid content. Notably, no effects on fruit weight loss, total soluble solids and color were observed with the examined treatments. Overall, this study suggests that the investigated products (EOs and their main compound) have a putative role in postharvest storage for the preservation of cucumbers. However, further investigation is needed for the determination of the optimum application conditions (i.e., concentration, time and method of application) on cucumbers and other fresh produce.

Development and evaluation of earth air heat exchanger cum evaporative cool system as an energy-efficient method for storage of tomatoes.

The lack of adequate on-farm storage facilities is one of the leading causes of enormous postharvest losses of fresh commodities, negatively affecting farmers' livelihoods and the sector's economic contribution. The aim of the current study was to develop and evaluate a solar-powered earth air heat exchanger cum evaporative cooling (EAHE-EC) system as an energy-efficient method for the storage of fresh produce for smallholders. The postharvest quality parameters of tomatoes stored under ambient storage (AS) and in an EAHE-EC system were assessed at regular time intervals during storage. These include weight loss, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, fruit firmness, color, pH, ascorbic acid, lycopene content, total phenolic acid, and antioxidant activity. The average temperature and relative humidity inside the EAHE-EC system varied from 20.59 to 22.61 °C and 82.60% to 89.43%, respectively, in comparison with AS (26.39-39.21 °C and 22.09-43.58%). Storage methods and time had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on tomato quality. Based on the retention of the overall quality until the end of the storage period, the shelf life of tomatoes was recorded as 21 days in the EAHE-EC system, which was 1.5 times more than AS (14 days). The extra shelf-life gained by tomatoes in the EAHE-EC system may provide a sufficient buffer period for smallholders for retailing and marketing. This suggests that the developed system can maintain postharvest quality and increase the shelf life of tomatoes. It therefore has potential as an energy-efficient system for the storage of fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Ethylene modelling in package headspace of fresh produce: A review

AbstractEthylene accumulation is one of the main causes of rapid deterioration of climacteric fruit and vegetables in a package as ethylene accelerates the ripening process. Modelling the ethylene gas in a package headspace is a promising way to control the ripening process as it provides and optimises the methods to remove ethylene. In this review, the transmission of ethylene through a package, ethylene removal by a scavenger and ethylene accumulation inside the package are discussed with their models. The permeability of packaging material allows ethylene to escape from the package to a little extent. The perforation in packaging material also helps ethylene to depart rapidly from the fruit package which is explained and modelled using Fick's first law of diffusion. The pseudo‐first‐ and second‐order kinetics based on the adsorption phenomena have been used to model the removal of ethylene by a scavenger. The mass balance between the ethylene transmission rate through the package, ethylene production rate by fruit and ethylene removal by scavenger provides the ethylene accumulation which can be helpful for predicting the quality of the fruit inside a package. This study could lead to the development of an active fruit packaging system with the inclusion of ethylene along with oxygen and carbon dioxide for extending the shelf life of fresh commodities in postharvest storage.

Low O2 and high CO2 atmospheres have no impact on efficacy of phytosanitary irradiation doses for Drosophila suzukii larvae

Use of irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment has been restricted in atmospheres with low O2 because extreme low O2 exposure can potentially induce radioprotective responses and enhance survival after irradiation. In addition to being low in O2, many controlled atmosphere treatments and modified atmosphere packaging materials maintain high CO2 levels along with low O2. Few studies have combinatorically tested the combined effects of high CO2 and low O2 on radiation sensitivity, and none have done so in a fully factorial design. Here we exposed larvae of the fly Drosophila suzukii to a range of concentrations of low O2 and high CO2 at a series of radiation doses up to 60 Gy. We found that low levels of O2 (≤ 5 kPa) induced a radioprotective response, with the radioprotective response greatest at the lowest O2 concentrations (2.5 & 0 kPa). Adding CO2 significantly decreased this protective response of low O2 on healthy adult emergence when O2 was 2.5 & 5 kPa, but this effect was only apparent at lower radiation doses, well below those used for phytosanitary treatments for this pest. Our study suggests that either controlled atmospheres or modified atmosphere packaging will not challenge the efficiency of phytosanitary irradiation for D. suzukii, and that high CO2 may act as an additional mitigation measure to disinfest insect pests from fresh commodities.

Factors influencing consumers’ repurchase behavior on fresh food e-commerce platforms: An empirical study

The e-commerce of fresh commodities keeps being adaptive to the change of consumer consumption attitudes and behavior in the current era of global economy. In the fierce competition of the industry, how to attract and retain customers more efficiently and increase consumer repurchase behavior is a long-term concern for fresh food e-commerce platforms. This research aims to focus on how the fresh e-commerce platforms can reduce consumer conversion to other forms of purchase and increase consumer repurchase. In this paper a research model is constructed whereby a set of perceived value scales is generated to evaluate consumer repurchase behavior. Data from a sample of 515 consumers is collected through a web-based questionnaire, and structural equation modeling is used to test the research hypotheses and empirically investigate the factors and internal mechanisms influencing repurchase behavior on fresh e-commerce platforms. Results from the analysis show that the product quality and product price from the product-side, perceived ease of use, reliability, response speed and convenience from the service-side, and subjective norms of the consumer personal factors impose significant effects on consumer satisfaction. consumer satisfaction plays a key mediating role in consumer repurchase behavior. Guidance and suggestions for the operation processes of e-commerce platforms are developed based on these key factors to cultivate customer loyalty and attract potential customers more specifically. Moreover, the examination of the factors from the three dimensions promotes the e-commerce platforms to raise their service level by enhancing their supply chain as the bottom rocks of the platform enterprises.

Supply forecasting and profiling of urban supermarket chains based on tensor quantization exponential regression for social governance.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the accurate forecasting and profiling of the supply of fresh commodities in urban supermarket chains may help the city government make better economic decisions, support activities of daily living, and optimize transportation to support social governance. In urban supermarket chains, the large variety of fresh commodities and the short shelf life of fresh commodities lead to the poor performance of the traditional fresh commodity supply forecasting algorithm. Unlike the classic method of forecasting a single type of fresh commodity, we proposed a third-order exponential regression algorithm incorporating the block Hankle tensor. First, a multi-way delay embedding transform was used to fuse multiple fresh commodities sales to a Hankle tensor, for aggregating the correlation and mutual information of the whole category of fresh commodities. Second, high-order orthogonal iterations were performed for tensor decomposition, which effectively extracted the high-dimensional features of multiple related fresh commodities sales time series. Finally, a tensor quantization third-order exponential regression algorithm was employed to simultaneously predict the sales of multiple correlated fresh produce items. The experiment result showed that the provided tensor quantization exponential regression method reduced the normalized root mean square error by 24% and the symmetric mean absolute percentage error by 22%, compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.

Teknologi Pangan Produk Perikanan : Fermentasi Terasi

The large number of fishery commodities spread across Indonesia has great potential for the development of fish-based food products in the future. Not all fishery and marine products are used optimally even though their availability is very large in nature, for example, rebon shrimp and small fish. The weakness of fresh commodities such as fisheries requires processing so that they can be consumed in the long term because fish is a perishable food. The process of processing rebon shrimp and fish with the help of the fermentation process into shrimp paste products, so as to extend the shelf life. The purpose of this review journal is to find out the differences between shrimp and fish paste and how consumers like them to give advice to businesses or coastal communities about the potential for developing shrimp paste. The method used is Randomized Block Design to determine the quality and determinants of nutritional content and also the results of processing shrimp paste products.

Interregional Differences in Agricultural Development across Circumpolar Canada

In response to the circumpolar region’s high levels of food insecurity, many Canadian communities have identified the development of local agriculture as a means to resolve the issue. Agricultural development is varied across the circumpolar region, an area which includes Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Nunavik (Quebec), and Nunatsiavut (Newfoundland and Labrador). This review explores the interregional differences in circumpolar agriculture, their historical development, and their relationship to prevailing biophysical, socioeconomic, and political conditions. Drawing upon local food strategies and literature pertaining to current agricultural initiatives, we discuss the future direction of circumpolar agriculture in Canada. Yukon and the Northwest Territories are the most agriculturally developed subregions of circumpolar Canada, and their territorial governments support the development of commercial agriculture. In Nunavut, Nunavik, and Nunatsiavut, relatively few agricultural initiatives are underway although local efforts have been made to establish community gardens or greenhouses and improve access to fresh commodities through subsidization of imported goods. Because of variability in biophysical, social, institutional, and political environments, strategies for food production would be most effective if tailored to each subregion. The continued development of agriculturally favorable policies and certified processing facilities in Yukon and the Northwest Territories could improve market access, both locally and out-of-territory. The eastern subregions (Nunavut, Nunavik, and Nunatsiavut) seem more inclined towards small, community-driven projects; these initiatives could be promoted to encourage community involvement for their long-term sustainability. Most studies on circumpolar agriculture have focused on the biophysical and social challenges; the region would benefit from additional research into the institutional and political barriers to agricultural development.

Hyperspectral imaging based kinetic approach to assess quality deterioration in fresh mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) during postharvest storage

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a non-destructive analytical tool that can be used for sensing multiple quality attributes for fresh commodities, but is usually constrained by complex data processing. Here, we report the development of HSI based simple kinetic models to assess quality deterioration in A. bisporus mushrooms. The commercially available fresh mushroom packages kept at constant refrigeration temperature (4 °C) were selected for HSI analysis in the visible and near infrared (VNIR) wavelengths (400–1000 nm) for a postharvest storage of 11 d. The observed HSI reflectance patterns clearly showed two sensitive wavelength regions: i) 450–700 nm and ii) 800–900 nm, which were termed as HSI index-I and HSI index-II, respectively. Alongside this, physicochemical and microbiological characterization of mushrooms were carried out and were related to HSI quality indices. The kinetic analysis showed that the HSI index-I is a useful quality indicator for the assessment of storage time for A. bisporus mushrooms. Furthermore, the physical quality attributes such as color and texture, which were changed significantly (p < 0.05) during the storage were linked to HSI index-I through linear regression models. The data processing approach presented in this study is quite useful that will facilitate the application of HSI in quality assessments of fresh commodities. • Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) based kinetic models are presented for A. bisporus . • HSI index-I (450–700 nm) was found a strong quality indicator. • HSI index-I can be simultaneously linked to color and texture parameters.

Efficacy and Phytotoxicity Assessment of Successive Application of Methyl Bromide and Cold Treatment on Export Strawberry Fruits.

Simple SummarySpotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is an important quarantine pest in Korea due to its oviposition behavior. In this study, insecticidal effects of methyl bromide (MB) alone and successive application of methyl bromide and cold treatment were compared to examine their potential to reduce methyl bromide usage and shorten the cold treatment periods. Eggs, larvae, and pupae were subjected to treatment with fumigants to determine the 50 and 99% lethal concentration time values. The results show that, through treatment with methyl bromide plus cold, control can be achieved at lower concentrations than for treatment with methyl bromide alone and with shorter treatment periods than for treatment with cold treatment alone. Phytotoxic effects from successive treatment on strawberry were not observed. Therefore, methyl bromide plus cold treatment can effectively control D. suzukii in strawberry without damage to fresh fruits.Recently, spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is globally prevalent and causes agricultural losses to many fruits. To export Korean strawberry, methyl bromide fumigation is required to remove D. suzukii infestations, but Korean strawberry farmers are worried about fruit damage because methyl bromide can cause phytotoxicity on fresh commodities. In this report, we assessed the efficacy and phytotoxicity of single and successive application of methyl bromide and cold treatment on an export variety of strawberry to reduce fruit damage. The currently recommended dosage of methyl bromide, 40 g/m3 for 3 h at 18 °C, was enough to control all stages of D. suzukii without phytotoxicity. A dosage of 20 g/m3 of methyl bromide treatment for 3 h, followed by 1 d of cold (0 °C) treatment, showed 100% mortality in all growth stages of D. suzukii without fruit damage. Successive application of methyl bromide and cold treatment shows potential as a method of decreasing phytotoxicity and reducing the use of methyl bromide for environmental considerations.