Frequent Type Of Injury Research Articles

The Incidence of Clinical Injuries among Undergraduate Dental Students: A Prevention Protocol

Dental students are frequently exposed to percutaneous injuries (PCIs) due to the nature of their clinical work, which involves sharp instruments and close patient contact. The COVID-19 pandemic further emphasized the need for stringent biosafety measures and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Despite these precautions, injuries remain prevalent, highlighting the need for comprehensive education and training in biosafety and infection control. This study investigates the incidence and causes of injuries among undergraduate dental students during clinical sessions. This study was conducted at the Department of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, focusing on injuries reported from 2021 to 2024. Data were collected through self-reported clinical records. The primary variables assessed included the type of injury, the instrument involved, the clinical procedure performed, and the immediate actions taken post-injury. Serological testing was conducted on students and patients to assess the risk of the transmission of bloodborne pathogens. The findings reveal a high prevalence of injuries, with needles being the most common cause (51.4%), followed by other tools such as dental probes (25.7%) and burs (8.6%). The most frequent injury type is piercing (74.2%), primarily affecting the fingers (88.6%). Periodontal treatments, restorative procedures, and endodontic treatments are the main activities leading to injuries, with 17.1% of injuries being caused by each. No statistically significant results are recorded. Despite regular medical records for most patients treated by injured students, serological testing shows significant positivity rates for HCV and HBV. Notably, most injured students demonstrate their commitment to safety by adhering to recommended post-exposure protocols, including wound cleaning, disinfecting, and serological testing. Furthermore, the impact of COVID-19 heightened the importance of personal protective equipment (PPE) and reinforced occupational health standards. Our study highlights the critical need for enhanced biosafety awareness and training among undergraduate dental students to reduce injury risks.

Ocular disorders and compliance to protective eyewear among quarry workers in Akamkpa local government area of cross river state, Nigeria

The quarry industry over time has played a pivotal role in the transformation of the physical environment but with attendant negative effects on workers. This study ascertained the pattern of work related ocular disorders and compliance to protective eye devices among quarry workers in Akamkpa LGA, Cross River State Nigeria. This descriptive cross sectional study employed the use of a structured interview followed by a comprehensive external examination of the eyes of the subjects by qualified eye care practitioners. Data generated was analysed using the Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS) version 25.0. Results were presented descriptively using tables and figures. The study took place in 8 quarry sites located in 4 communities randomly selected and involved 184 subjects randomly selected comprising of 140 (76.09%) males and 44 (23.91%) females. The age of the participants ranged from 18-60 years with a mean age of 32.03±2.23 (SD). The study revealed that predominant ocular symptoms experienced were blurry vision (31.5%), itchy eyes (27.94%), ocular irritation/ grittiness (15.55%), eye/ headaches (12.46%) and discharges (9.61%). The most common ocular surface anomalies observed were pterygium (41.80%), corneal scar/ ulceration (18.03%) and allergic conjunctivitis (16.39%), while the most frequent type of eye injuries reported were superficial foreign bodies, blunt trauma and superficial ocular abrasion accounting for 50.92%,30.06% and 11.04% respectively. Injuries due to quarrying activities were more common among labourers (41.10% and 29.45% among stone crushers and stone processors respectively), while workers with less than 5 years work experience reported more work related eye injury (74.85%) with broken stones (80.39%) accounting for most of the injuries. Similarly, a majority (94.7%) of the participants had knowledge of Personal Protective Eye Devices (PPEDs) only 26.44% had the appropriate PPEDs and just 30.43% of them complied regularly with their usage during work. There was a statistically significant association between work experience and the occurrence of work related ocular injuries (p>0.001) but the use of PPEDs has no statistically significant association with the occurrence of eye injuries. The study concluded that workers at the Akamkpa quarry, Nigeria suffered various types of work related ocular anomalies and while a majority of them had prior knowledge of the benefits of PPEDs, the level of availability and utilization is relatively low and recommended health education and strict enforcement of safety regulations.

Sex/gender differences in injury risk, types of injuries, and potential risk factors of adult recreational mountain-bikers in Tyrol

Introduction & Purpose In Austria, 99% of fatally injured (Pocecco et al., 2022) and 81% of accidented mountain-bikers (Woyke et al., 2024) are males. However, these evident sex/gender differences in prevalence do not allow any conclusions to be drawn either about the risk of injury or about potential risk factors between the sex/genders. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate possible sex/gender-specific differences in injury risk, types of injuries, and related potential risk factors in adult recreational mountain-bikers in Tyrol, Austria. Methods This retrospective survey was conducted in the surroundings of Innsbruck (Austria) in 2017-2019, involving randomly selected adult recreational mountain-bikers. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data on injuries ever experienced during mountain-biking (MTB), including circumstances (e.g., skill level and risk-taking behaviour according to Ruedl et al. (2010), riding alone or in a group) related to the most severe injury. Proportions were compared by χ2 tests. Results In total, 1,439 mountain-bikers (37.8 ± 14.3 years, 33.4% females) were interviewed, 486 (33.8%) of them suffering one or more injuries requiring medical attention. Men showed a higher injury risk compared to women (37.2% vs. 26.9%, p < 0.001) and injured males reported a higher number of injuries during MTB compared to their female counterpart (2.4 ± 2.4 vs. 1.7 ± 1.4, p < 0.001). In general, concerning the most severe injury ever suffered during MTB, the most frequent injury types were fractures (28.4%), followed by open wounds (15.9%), contusions (14.5%), abrasions (12.0%), and ligament/muscle injuries (10.4%), showing sex/gender differences (p = 0.010). In particular, fractures were the most frequent injury type among male (32.7%), open wounds among female (20.3%) mountain-bikers. Moreover, men reported higher MTB skills (p < 0.001) and higher risk-taking behaviour (72.8% vs. 50.5%, p < 0.001) at the time of the worst accident compared to women. Additionally, males were more likely to be biking alone on the day of the accident compared to females (30.1% vs. 15.0%, p = 0.007), who tended to ride in groups. Discussion Comparably to alpine skiing and snowboarding (Ruedl et al., 2010), men were found to exhibit a higher skill level and engage in riskier behaviour more frequently than women. In alpine skiing and snowboarding, these two factors are associated with higher speeds (Ruedl et al., 2010), which could be therefore also the reason for the higher injury risk and frequency of fractures among the surveyed male mountain-bikers. In the present study, fractures were the most common self-reported injury type with 28%, which seems comparable to 24% of fractures in the study by Woyke et al. (2024). Conversely, biking in a group, which was more common among women, apparently did not lead to a higher risk of injury due to possible peer pressure. Conclusion Results of this study found sex/gender differences in injury risk, types of injury, and related potential risk factors in recreational adult mountain-bikers which should be considered in future preventive measures. In particular, relevant information campaigns should address especially males. Moreover, future research comparing injured and non-injured recreational mountain-bikers should be conducted to confirm or reject the hypothesized risk factors. References Pocecco, E., Wafa, H., Burtscher, J., Paal, P., Plattner, P., Posch, M., & Ruedl, G. (2022). Mortality in recreational mountain-biking in the Austrian Alps: A retrospective study over 16 years. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), Article 11965. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911965 Ruedl, G., Pocecco, E., Sommersacher, R., Gatterer, H., Kopp, M., Nachbauer, W., & Burtscher, M. (2010). Factors associated with self-reported risk-taking behaviour on ski slopes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(3), 204-206. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.066779 Woyke, S., Hütter, A., Rugg, C., Tröger, W., Wallner, B., Ströhle, M., & Paal, P. (2024). Sex differences in mountain bike accidents in Austria from 2006 to 2018: A retrospective analysis. High Altitude Medicine & Biology, 25(1), 89-93. https://doi.org/10.1089/ham.2023.0086

Clinical evaluation of the efficiency and safety of the Tromboguard® hemostatic dressing for donor sites of split-thickness skin graft: A multicenter study

Worldwide, burns are the fourth most frequent type of injury. The treatment of burn wounds requires a lot of experience and an interdisciplinary approach including both surgical treatment and pharmacological wound care. The most common management of burn wounds is debridement and wound closure through the use of skin grafts. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the hemostatic and antibacterial effects of the commercially available Tromboguard® foam dressing with an active layer containing alginates and chitosan. The site of application of the product was the donor fields for skin grafts. Findings proved that a polyurethane foam dressing with an active chitosan-alginate layer is a useful option for achieving rapid hemostasis, antimicrobial protection and effective healing at split-thickness skin graft donor sites. Substances present in the active layer promote clot formation and the wound healing process.

EFFECTIVENESS OF A BIOLOGICAL PROSTHESIS IN THE TREATMENT OF TRAUMATIC FEMORAL ARTERY INJURIES

HighlightsThe prevalence of vascular injuries during military engagements can reach 20%. In the thigh, vascular injuries are the second most frequent type of injury. Vascular replacement using a graft is required in case of a femoral artery injury with length of more than 10 cm. If autologous blood vessels are not available for replacement, specialists resort to using a synthetic prosthesis. Selection of an appropriate prosthesis remains a priority for vascular surgeons. Aim. To evaluate the outcome of vascular replacement using a biological prosthesis derived from bovine internal thoracic arteries for the treatment of femoral artery injuries.Material and methods. The study involved 30 patients with femoral artery injuries. The analysis focused on the indicators of comprehensive examination and treatment of these patients, who were divided into 2 statistically homogeneous groups of 15 people each. In the first group, a biological prosthesis derived from bovine internal thoracic artery was used to replace the artery, and in the second group, a large subcutaneous vein was used. The results of treatment were evaluated by the number of postoperative complications, the durability of grafts and the quality of life of patients.Results. There were no fatal cases. In the first group, 6 (40%) patients suffered postoperative complications, and in the second group – in 5 (33.3%) patients. After 5 years, 12 (80%) grafts remained functioning in the first group, and 13 (86.7%) grafts in the second group. The physical component of the health of patients in the first group was equal to 60.6 ± 3.2, in the second group – 62.5 ± 3.4, and the psychological component of health 58.7 ± 2.8, and 59.5 ± 3.1, respectively. There was no statistical reliability between the indicators of the groups (p > 0.05).Conclusion. Biological prosthesis derived from bovine internal thoracic arteries for the treatment of femoral artery injuries is quite effective.

Feasibility of diffusion tensor imaging in cervical spondylotic myelopathy using MUSE sequence

The most frequent type of spinal cord injury is cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Conventional structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold diagnosis standard for CSM. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could reflect microstructural changes in the spinal cord by tracing water molecular diffusion in early stages of CSM. However, due to the complex local anatomical structure and small field of view of the spinal cord, the imaging effect of traditional DTI imaging on the spinal cord is limited. MUSE (MUltiplexed Sensitivity-Encoding) -DTI is a novel diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence that achieves higher signal intensity through multiple excitation acquisition. MUSE sequence may improve the quality of spinal cord DTI imaging. Prospective study. This study aimed to investigate the clinical diagnosis value of a novel protocol of MUSE-DTI in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). From August 2021 to March 2022, a total of 60 subjects (22-71 years) were enrolled, including 51 CSM patients (22 males, 29 females) and 9 healthy subjects (4 males and 5 females). Each subject underwent a MUSE-DTI examination and a clinical Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scale. We measured values of FA (Fractional Anisotropy), MD (Mean Diffusivity), AD (Axial Diffusivity), and RD (Radial Diffusivity), and collected the clinical JOA scores of each subject before the MR examination. A 3.0T MR scanner (Signa Architect, GE Healthcare) performed the MUSE-DTI sequence on each subject. The cervical canal stenosis of subjects was classified from grade 0 to grade Ⅲ according to the method of an MRI grading system. FA, MD, AD, and RD maps were generated by postprocessing MUSE-DTI data on the GE workstation. Regions of interest (ROIs) were manually drawn at the C2 vertebral body level and C2/3-C6/7 intervertebral disc levels by covering the whole spinal cord. The clinical severity of myelopathy of subjects was assessed by the clinical Japanese Orthopedic Association scale (JOA). MUSE-DTI can acquire a high-resolution diffusion image compared to traditional DTI. The FAMCL values showed a decreasing trend from grade 0 to grade Ⅲ, while the MDMCL, ADMCL, and RDMCL values showed an overall increasing trend. Significant differences in MDMCL, ADMCL, and RDMCL values were found between adjacent groups among grades Ⅰ-Ⅲ (p<.05). The ADC2 values in CSM patients (grade I-Ⅲ) were significantly lower than in healthy individuals (grade 0) (p=.019). The clinical JOA score has a significant correlation with FAMCL (p=.035), MDMCL (p<.001), ADMCL (p<.001), and RDMCL (p<.001) values. MUSE-DTI displayed a better image quality compared to traditional DTI. MUSE-DTI parameters displayed a grade-dependent trend. All the MUSE-DTI parameters at MCL were correlated with the clinical JOA scores. The ADC2 values can reflect the secondary damage of distal spinal cord. Therefore, MUSE-DTI could be a reliable biomarker for clinical auxiliary diagnosis of spinal cord injury severity in cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Intrusive luxation in primary dentition: clinical report

Intrusive dislocation is the most frequent type of traumatic injury in the primary dentition, characterized by displacement of the tooth into the alveolus. Intrusions require a thorough physical examination, radiographs of diagnostic value, and follow-up of the case, since the prognosis is unfavorable, mainly due to the probability of damage to the permanent tooth germ. This work aims to report a clinical case of intrusive dislocation in the primary dentition, from diagnosis to follow-up. This is a male patient, 3 years old, who attended the Emergency of the Children’s Specialty Clinic – State University of Londrina (UEL) due to dento-alveolar trauma in the antero-superior region that occurred three days ago. On clinical examination, tooth 61 had grade II intrusion (one-third of the crown visible), and tooth 62 had grade I intrusion, with more than one-third of the crown visible. Radiographically, a buccal inclination was observed, with no fracture of the bone plate. Thus, we opted for conservative treatment, waiting for the spontaneous re-eruption of the teeth involved. Furthermore, parents were informed about the possible consequences of this type of trauma and the need for clinical and radiographic follow-up consultations. After eight months of follow-up, the teeth erupted satisfactorily. It is extremely important to establish a protocol for observation and control of the traumatized tooth, observing signs and symptoms of the tissues involved in the trauma to reduce sequelae in both dentitions.

Blunt Head Injury in the Elderly: Analysis of the NEXUS II Injury Cohort

Changes with aging make older patients vulnerable to blunt head trauma and alter the potential for injury and the injury patterns seen among this expanding cohort. High-quality care requires a clear understanding of the factors associated with blunt head injuries in the elderly. Our objective was to develop a detailed assessment of the injury mechanisms, presentations, injury patterns, and outcomes among older blunt head trauma patients. We conducted a planned secondary analysis of patients aged 65 or greater who were enrolled in the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) Head Computed Tomography validation study. We performed a detailed assessment of the demographics, mechanisms, presentations, injuries, interventions, and outcomes among older patients. We identified 3,659 patients aged 65 years or greater, among the 11,770 patients enrolled in the NEXUS validation study. Of these older patients, 325 (8.9%) sustained significant injuries, as compared with significant injuries in 442 (5.4%) of the 8,111 younger patients. Older females (1,900; 51.9%) outnumbered older males (1,753; 47.9%), and occult presentations (exhibiting no high-risk clinical criteria beyond age) occurred in 48 (14.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.1 to 19.1) patients with significant injuries. Subdural hematomas (377 discreet lesions in 299 patients) and subarachnoid hemorrhages (333 discreet instances in 256 patients) were the most frequent types of injuries occurring in our elderly population. A ground-level fall was the most frequent mechanism of injury among all patients (2,211; 69.6%), those sustaining significant injuries (180; 55.7%), and those who died of their injuries (37; 46.3%), but mortality rates were highest among patients experiencing a fall from a ladder (11.8%; 4 deaths among 34 cases [95% CI 3.3% to 27.5%]) and automobile versus pedestrian events (10.7%; 16 deaths among 149 cases [95% CI 6.3% to 16.9%]). Among older patients who required neurosurgical intervention for their injuries, only 16.4% (95% CI 11.1% to 22.9%) were able to return home, 32.1% (95% CI 25.1% to 39.8%) required extended facility care, and 41.8% (95% CI 34.2% to 49.7%) died from their injuries. Older blunt head injury patients are at high risk of sustaining serious intracranial injuries even with low-risk mechanisms of injury, such as ground-level falls. Clinical evaluation is unreliable and frequently fails to identify patients with significant injuries. Outcomes, particularly after intervention, can be poor, with high rates of long-term disability and mortality.

Comprehensive analysis of power tool injuries: implications for safety and injury prevention

BackgroundPower tools are essential for productivity but carry significant injury risks. Addressing power tool injuries across diverse age groups is vital, as existing research predominantly focuses on specific occupational or non-occupational groups, leaving a gap in understanding various age cohorts within the diverse American population. This study aims to comprehend power tool injury epidemiology, raising awareness about the importance of targeted safety measures for enhancing public health. MethodsUsing a ten-year retrospective approach, this study analyzed National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) data from US hospital emergency departments (2013–2022). Demographic and temporal trends were examined, and associations between injury occurrence and categorical variables, including injured body parts, gender, and race, were explored. ResultsIn 2013, power tool injuries were highest in the "51–60″ age group (23.70 %), followed by "41–50″ (17.31 %) and "61–70″ (19.38 %). Injury rates varied across age groups over the years. Notably, the "41–50″ age group showed a significant decrease in injuries over time (χ² = 17.12, p < .05), indicating a notable temporal trend. Hand injuries were predominant (39.08 %), followed by finger (19.19 %), lower arm (11.25 %), upper arm (8.79 %), and face (4.04 %). Lacerations constituted the most frequent injury type (60.89 %), alongside fractures, amputations, foreign body insertions, and contusions/abrasions. Significant associations emerged between injury occurrence and gender (χ² = 6.19, p < .001), as well as race (χ² = 7.42, p < .001). Males accounted for the majority of injuries (95.97 %), while white individuals constituted the largest proportion (91.84 %). Females and domestic settings exhibited increasing proportions of power tool injuries. ConclusionsThe higher incidence among middle-aged individuals in domestic settings, coupled with evolving gender dynamics, underscores the need for targeted safety measures. Our findings contribute crucial novel insights, emphasizing tailored preventive strategies to enhance safety outcomes in the multifaceted landscape of power tool use.

Factors affecting work-related non-fatal injuries among aged workers in South Korea.

The objective of this paper is to investigate whether an aging workforce is associated with an increase in work-related non-fatal injuries and to explore the underlying reasons for this potential increase. Aged workers were defined as those who were at least 55-years-old. Work-related non-fatal injuries were assessed in aged and young workers who were registered with the workers' compensation system from 2017 to 2021 of South Korea. The mean estimated rate of work-related non-fatal injuries of aged workers (0.88/100) was about 2.5-times higher than that of younger workers (0.35/100). Most work-related non-fatal injuries in the older adults were in individuals working in the "construction sector" (36.0%), those with "elementary occupations (unskilled workers)" (45.0%), and those with employment status of "daily worker" (44.0%). "Trip & slip" (28.7%) and "falling" (19.6%) were more frequent types of work-related non-fatal injuries in aged workers relative to young workers. The category of "buildings, structures, and surfaces" was a more frequent cause of work-related non-fatal injuries in aged workers than young workers. The incidence of non-fatal work-related injuries is higher among aged workers compared to their younger counterparts. The increased occurrence of aged workers participating in precarious employment and jobs, along with the greater physical vulnerability, is likely the cause of their higher rate of work-related non-fatal injuries.

Firework related burn injuries in Australia and New Zealand

IntroductionFireworks are commonly used to celebrate holidays and events with potential to impact livelihoods from blast injuries. This study aims to describe and analyse firework related burns in adults across Australia and New Zealand (ANZ). MethodsA retrospective review from January 2010 – January 2023 across all ANZ adult burns units. All firework related burn injuries in adults greater than 18 years that attended or were referred to the burns unit were included. ResultsThere were 173 patients with a firework related burn injury. The male to female ratio was 4.4:1 with the majority representing a younger age group (18–45 years). Men were significantly more likely to have firework related injuries at home and /or outside than women (49.3 % vs 24.2 %, p = 0.009). There were 29 firecrackers, 44 sparklers, and 99 firework burn injuries with significant differences in proportions between states for sparklers and fireworks. The mean TBSA was 4.3 % with significant differences amongst sex (men 4.7 % vs women 2.0 %, p = 0.042) and amongst states. Adequate first aid was reported higher in men than women (61.4 % vs 42.4 %, p = 0.047). Approximately half the injuries were hands and a third of injuries involved more than one body part. The most frequent type of injury was a full thickness burn (39.6 %), followed by mid dermal (24.1 %) and superficial (23.0 %) respectively. ConclusionsFirework related burns have distinct patterns of use and injuries amongst men and women with variations across states. Legislation and prevention are cornerstone to reducing the impact of burn related injuries.

A scoping review of E-scooter safety: Delightful urban slalom or injury epidemic?

IntroductionE-scooters are a convenient, relatively inexpensive and fun new mode of transportation with rapidly increased use in cities throughout the world. Despite the popularity of e-scooters, increases in rider injuries and fatalities have become a public health concern. Objective. To characterize the types of safety issues associated with e-scooter use. Methods. Scoping review methods focused on any safety issues associated with the use of dockless, stand-up, motorized, electric kick scooters from companies offering short-term rentals or through private ownership, published in English between January 2017 and March 2022. Databases included Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete, Google Scholar, PsychINFO, PubMed, Scopus, SocINDEX, TRID Database, and Web of Science databases. After abstract screening and full text review, a total of 81 studies were included in the scoping review. Results. Few e-scooter riders wear helmets except where legally required. Alcohol impairment is a primary contributor to e-scooter injuries. Younger males, underage riding, double riding, speeding and rider distraction were also identified as behavioural contributors to e-scooter injury crashes. Environmental contributors included crash locations (e.g., sidewalks, bike paths, roads) parking issues (e.g., tripping hazard), fixed object collisions (e.g., lampposts, parked cars), road surface and slope (e.g., uneven, curbs, downhills) and insufficient nighttime visibility. E-scooter reliability was affected by brake failures and design limitations (e.g., stability over rough terrain). Injury patterns included mechanism of injury (loss of balance and/or control, fall) and moving object collisions (e.g., vehicles, pedestrians, bicyclists). The head, face, upper and lower extremities were the most common anatomical locations injured. Fractures, contusions, concussions, lacerations, and sprains were the most frequent injury types. Discussion. Policies, regulations and interventions that address helmet requirements, alcohol and drug use, rider skill and knowledge acquisition, restrictive speed limits, education and enforcement are discussed with respect to evidence-based safety guidance for transportation policy and decision makers. Conclusion. Behavioural, environmental and device design safety issues associated with e-scooter use require effective interventions to reduce the frequency and severity of rider injuries.

Epidemiology of injuries among snowboarding athletes in the talent transfer program: A prospective cohort study of 39,880 athlete-exposures.

Talent transfer (TT) program is an appropriate approach to address the talent gap evident in specific sports activities, while little is known about the injury characteristics of snowboarding athletes involved in the TT program. To determine the epidemiology of injuries among snowboarders involved in the TT program. A total of 244 athletes who were not previously engaged in winter sports were selected for training in snowboarding that lasted for 109 days. The injuries and at-risk exposures (A-Es) data were recorded by physicians. Injury rates (IRs), incidence rate ratios (IRRs), and injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were calculated and compared by sex and age groups. The overall and time loss (TL) IR were 32.4/1000 A-Es and 12.2/1000 A-Es respectively. The overall and non-time loss (NTL) IRR were higher for female athletes than for male athletes. Additionally, the overall IRR and TL-IRR for female athletes were higher in those athletes who aged ≤15 years old. Over 93% of TL injuries resulted in participation restriction time of ≤7 days (male athletes, 93.94%; female athletes, 94.10%). Trunk (28.43%), knee joints (21.33%), and hand/wrist (16.53%) were found as the common sites of injury in both female and male athletes. The most frequent type of injury was contusion (male athletes: 53.00%, female athletes: 59.10%) resulted from ground/apparatus contact (male athletes: 75.10%, female athletes: 75.20%). The risk injury among snowboarding athletes involved in the TT program during the first snow season training was found noticeable, especially for younger female athletes. The high incidence of ground/apparatus contact-related injuries suggested the necessity of specifically designed training programs and braces for snowboarding athletes involved in the TT program.

Epidemiological Study of Injuries in the Spanish Men’s Senior National Rugby XV Team

(1) Background: Due to the risk factors involved and the special characteristics of the game, rugby players are reported to have elevated levels of injury. The aim of this longitudinal prospective cohort study with a 2b level of evidence is to investigate the incidence of injury in the Spanish Men’s Senior National Rugby XV team, identify the most frequent injury types, and the game actions that cause them. (2) Methods: we studied a total of 72 players from the Spanish Men’s Senior National Rugby XV team while they played the Nation’s Cup for four consecutive seasons. We recorded all the injuries occurring both during games and training sessions, according to World Rugby consensus. (3) Results: Out of a total of 27 injuries, the higher incidence was during the matches as opposed to the training sessions (100.0 [95% CI: 62.0–132.9] per 1000 player hours (ph) and 1.17 [95% CI: 0–2.5] per 1000 ph during matches and training, respectively). The most common injuries were muscular injuries (41.6 [95% CI: 16.3–66.9] per 1000 ph) and concussion (29.1 [95% CI: 7.8–50.4] per 1000 ph). Tackling caused more injuries (50.0 [95% CI: 22.4–77.5] per 1000 ph). (4) Conclusions: Muscular injuries and concussion are the most common, 28% of concussion cases are diagnosed after the match, and tackling is the game action causing most of these injuries, with a higher incidence in players who play the whole match.

Disability-Adjusted Life Years Resulting from Ocular Injury among Deployed Service Members, 2001–2020

To quantify the burden of ocular injuries on deployed US service members by calculating disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Retrospective, observational cohort study. US service members with ocular injuries sustained in combat zones from January 1, 2001 toMay 19,2020. Health states and duration of injuries were identified using data from the Defense and Veterans Eye Injury and Vision Registry. These health states were mapped to disability weights from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Average duration of injury or illness was calculated until remission or death. For the latter, life expectancy at age of sustaining injury, as identified from US Life Tablesfrom the National Vital Statistics Reports 2020, was used. Using Defense Manpower Data Center reports capturing number of service members deployed per year, incidence rates were calculated for ocular injury and DALYs. Disability-adjusted life years of ocular injury. Seventeen thousand five hundred fifty-five patients sustained ocular injury that incurred DALYs. In total, these injuries resulted in 11 214 DALYs (average, 0.64 DALYs per included patient and 20.6 DALYs per 10000 US service members per year). Severe impairment of distance vision (77.9%) and blindness (10.6%) were the primary contributors of DALYs. Although only 9.3% of patients sustained a permanent ocular injury, permanent disability accounted for 99.5% of total DALYs. The average yearly incidence rate of ocular injury was 32.0 cases per 10 000 US service members. Foreign body was the most frequent injury type (2754 occurrences), followed by abrasion (2419 occurrences) and multiple injury types (1429 occurrences). The most DALYs occurred in patients with multiple injury types (2485 DALYs), followed by abrasion (accounting for 725 DALYs) and foreign body (accounting for 461 DALYs). We report higher average DALYs per case ratio among US service members compared with the general population studied by the GBD study, highlighting the differences in probabilities of permanent injury between the two studies. Our study provides understanding of the impact of ocular injuries on active-duty service members and lays the groundwork for further research and interventions to mitigate their burden. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Self-inflicted Burns: The Experience of a UK Regional Burns Center.

Self-inflicted burns (SIBs) are preventable injuries that often occur due to suicidal intent or deliberate self-harm. The incidence of SIB and demographics vary across different countries. This study highlights our regional experience of SIB over almost 2 decades, assessing characteristics and outcomes. A retrospective chart review of all patients assessed at a UK regional burns center, presenting with SIB, from 2003 to 2021, was performed. Subgroup analyses based on gender, the presence or absence of pre-existing psychiatric disorders, and in-hospital patient mortality were undertaken. The relationship between annual mental health funding and the incidence of SIB was assessed. Over the study period, a total of 285 SIB cases, with a median age of 42.84 years, were presented to our center. The majority of patients were male (63.2%) and had a pre-existing psychiatric disorder (74.7%). Flame burns were the most frequent type of injury (82.1%) and the median total BSA (TBSA) was 10.25%. The average length of hospital stay was 10 days and the inpatient mortality rate was 20.7%, significantly greater than the mortality of the rest of the cohort (3.7%, P < .01). SIB survivors were younger and had less severe burns, relative to non-survivors. There was no statistically significant correlation between the incidence of SIBs and mental health funding. SIBs account for a minority of referrals to our regional burns center. Adequately funded regional and national measures should be implemented to reduce the incidence and impact of these injuries, alongside appropriate mental health support.

Observational Study of Self-Reported Offshore Sailing-Related Injuries in a Wide Range of Amateur and Professional Sailors

Offshore sailing yields injury risk. Unfortunately, many studies are restricted to a specific geographic location, regatta, or class of sailboat or to only professional sailors. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to gather a large database of sailing-related injuries with demographic, injury, and voyage characteristics. An observational study of self-reported offshore sailing-related injuries was performed using an internet-based, multiple-choice survey distributed on social media. Data were analyzed statistically with the use of the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test, and χ2 test. Five hundred sixty-eight people completed the survey, 217 women and 351 men, with a mean age of 36.26 y (SD=13.69 y). Among reported 793 cruises, 141 resulted in injury (18%). The most frequent injury types were contusion (40%) and skin lesions and lacerations (20%); the most frequent locations were hand (28%) and foot and ankle (18%), and the most frequent mechanisms were tripping/falling (33%), being hit by an object (19%), and using ropes (19%). Sex, age, and sailing experience were not injury risk factors, while higher number of offshore days was (P=0.0004). None of the analyzed voyage characteristics (purpose, ship's class, position on the ship, ship's length overall, type of rigging, and harness wearing) were injury risk factors. Sailors perceived the following as risk factors: inattention/distraction (34%), difficult weather conditions (22%), and fatigue/lack of sleep (14%). Approximately 1 in 5 cruises resulted in an injury, occurring regardless of demographic, injury, and voyage characteristics. The multifactorial nature of injuries poses a challenge in implementing safety measures. The authors hope that this study may aid in that cause.

Epidemiology of injuries in elite Women’s Artistic Gymnastics: a retrospective analysis of six seasons

BackgroundWomen’s Artistic Gymnastics (WAG) is a sport well known for requiring a heavy and difficult training load from a younger age to reach a high level of performance. This also...

Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of leading cause of death and disability in Iran that has serious consequences on people's health. Understanding of epidemiology of TBI can be helpful for policy making in health care management. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the epidemiology of TBI in Iran. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar, and internal databases including, SID, Magiran, and IranMedex were searched to identify the relevant published studies up to Feb 2022. Moreover, the references list of key studies was scanned to find more records. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. The Excel and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software were to analyze the data. Overall, 23,446 patients from 15 studies were included in the study. The overall mean age of the patients was 31.36 ± 0.13 yr (95%CI: 31.10 to 31.61). The majority of the patients were male (74.37%), with a male to female ratio of 3:1. The incidence rate of TBI was 15.3 to 144 per 100,000 population. The mortality rate of TBI was estimated to be 10.4% (95%CI: 5% to 19%). The most common causes of injury were road traffic accidents (RTAs) (60%; 95%CI: 49% to 70%), and falling (20%; 95%CI: 16% to 26%), respectively. The most frequent type of head injury was subdural hematoma. Our findings highlight that appropriate control and prevention strategies should be focused on male, road traffic accidents, and the group under 40 yr.

Management of Pediatric Humeral Supracondylar Fractures in a Referral Center From a Developing Country: A Comparison With American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Guidelines.

Introduction Supracondylar fractures are the predominant type of pediatric elbow fractures. The usual mechanism of injury is falling over the hand with the elbow extended and the hand open. The management of these fractures encompasses a range of treatment options, and their goal is to recover the anatomy and achieve a stable contact area between them. There are some controversies on the management of these injuries mainly focused on those that present some degree of displacement. A review and analysis of the current treatment at our institution and a comparison with the guidelines suggested by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) for the treatment of these fractures in the pediatric population were performed. Materials and methods This was an observational, analytical, retrospective study of consecutive pediatric patients with displaced supracondylar humeral fracture treated at Hospital de Trauma "Manuel Giagni" in Asunción, Paraguay, from January 2016 to December 2021. Demographic and clinical data were assessed, and patients were clinically and radiologically followed for at least 12 months. The management of supracondylar humeral fractures at our hospital was compared with the guidelines suggested by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) by analyzing whether these guidelines were applied in each case. The mechanism of injury was divided into three groups, initial X-rays were measured, extension-type fractures were categorized into three groups, and the type of treatment was divided into two groups: non-operative and operative. Furthermore, trauma-related preoperative complications and postoperative complications were reported. Outpatient follow-up was performed for at least 12 months in all cases. Results Of the 843 patients analyzed, 71.5% were male, with a mean age of 5.6 years. It was observed that 57.5% of injuries were caused by falls on the same level. The most frequent type of injury was Gartland type III, accounting for 55% of the cases, and associated injuries were found in 4% of the cases. With regard to the type of treatment, 91.8% of patients were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation. Complications on admission were found in 12% of the casesand late complications in 12% of the cases. Most patients (82%) had excellent Mayo Elbow Performance Score. Conclusion Supracondylar fractures were more frequent in males and in schoolchildren. Garland type III fractures were the most common type of injury. The treatment of choice was predominantly closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score was excellent in most patients. Our service, a referral center of a public hospital in a developing country, complies with the guidelines recommended by the AAOS.