Frequency Of Fruit Consumption Research Articles

Determinants of undernutrition among khat chewing and non-khat chewing male adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study

Khat chewing is a deep-rooted socio-cultural tradition that affects appetite, gastric emptying, and food intake, ultimately influencing nutritional status. Moreover, there is significant variation in lifestyles and ways of living among khat chewing and non-chewing people. However, there is limited evidence on the disaggregated determinants of undernutrition among khat chewers and non-chewers in Ethiopia. A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with 253 Khat-chewing and 249 non-chewing male adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Weight and height were measured under standard procedure and used to calculate the body mass index (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 indicates undernutrition). Variables with p-values below 0.25 in the bi-variable analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model to identify factors associated with undernutrition and to control confounding respectively. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to declare the presence and the strength of association between the independent and outcome variable. Statistical significance was declared at a p value of 0.05. In this study, a total of 138 (27.5%: 23.6–31.6%) adult males were undernourished; among them, 78 (32.0%) were khat chewers and 60 (23.9%) were non chewers. Christian religion (AOR = 1.49; 1.02–2.30), vegetable consumption (AOR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.12–2.55) and khat chewing (AOR = 1.60; 1.04–2.45) were independent risk factors for undernutrition. However, none of the above factors showed a statistically significant association among non-khat chewer male adults. In conclusion, undernutrition was a public health concern in male adults in the study area. Frequent consumption of fruits, vegetables and family size of the households were the independent predictors of undernutrition. The practical implication of identifying risk factors of undernutrition among chewers and non-chewers could be helpful in depicting the relevant risk factors by exposure category and helping to further refine intervention packages. In addition, focusing on interventions which can increase the availability and accessibility of fruits and vegetables are important to improve the nutritional status of adult male populations.

Impact of Nutrition Education through Innovative Story Telling in Pre-School Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Aim: To assess the impact of Nutrition education through innovative story telling in fruits consumption among the pre-school children with autism spectrum disorder.&#x0D; Sample: Ninety children with autism spectrum disorder were selected from Preschools and BUDS schools of Thiruvananthapuram district.&#x0D; Study Design: To assess fruit consumption of pre-school children (3-6 years) with autism spectrum disorder, ninety children with autism spectrum disorder was selected from urban and rural areas of Trivandrum district, Kerala. Out of ninety, forty-five children with ASD were randomly selected as experiment group and forty-five children as control group. The experimental group received the nutrition education through story telling using story books.&#x0D; Place of study: Urban and rural areas of Trivandrum district were randomly selected for study.&#x0D; Methodology: Frequency of fruits consumption of 90 children (45 as control and 45 as experimental group) were collected using food frequency questionnaire in pre and post phase. After the nutrition education, pre and post scores of both groups were compared to find the deviation among the population.&#x0D; Results: Majority of the children with autism spectrum disorder shows significant changes in post Nutrition education. Frequency of fruits consumption increased after the Nutrition education in the experimental group compared to control group.&#x0D; Conclusion: Early childhood is a period of rapid growth and is an important phase for developing eating habits because the dietary behaviours acquired during the early years of life can extend to adulthood. Fruits are rich in fibre, nutrients, and vitamins. It's important to encourage children to consume a range of fruits and veggies. It protects against illness and promotes health both now and in the future.

Evaluation of a Distribution Model to Increase Access to Affordable Fruits and Vegetables.

Identifying effective, sustainable strategies to increase fruit and vegetable consumption is critical to addressing chronic disease risk. Models that provide incentives for produce purchases through reduced-cost or no-cost produce shares are promising. The purpose of our study was to examine the impact on fruit and vegetable intake of Good Food for All, a community-based program to distribute no-cost produce boxes to participants with low incomes. We also assessed program satisfaction and future interest in purchasing an affordable produce box. The Good Food for All program was implemented in 22 US cities. Surveys were administered at baseline and postintervention. An online research panel was used as a comparison group and weighted to be demographically comparable to the intervention group. Descriptive statistics and adjusted difference-in-difference (ADID) models were used to examine differences in outcomes between groups. Respondents (intervention n = 632; comparison n = 1,153) were primarily White, non-Hispanic, and female. Intervention participants had a greater increase in total fruit consumption frequency (ADID: 0.43 times/d; 95% CI, 0.21-0.64; P < .001), total vegetable consumption frequency (ADID: 0.52 times/d; 95% CI, 0.12-0.91; P = .01), and total fruit and vegetable consumption frequency (ADID: 1.03 times/d; 95% CI, 0.49-1.56; P < .001) than comparison respondents. Most intervention participants reported boxes contained the right amount of food (71.9%) and high-quality produce (68.4%) and were willing to purchase a future produce box (85.0%). Findings indicate that a produce box distribution model increased fruit and vegetable consumption, had high satisfaction among participants, and generated interest in purchasing affordable produce boxes. Future studies should explore feasibility of offering low-cost produce boxes at grocery stores and determine appropriate pricing models to enhance access and sustainability.

Nutritional knowledge and consumption pattern of fruits: a context of Sri Lankan mothers

The per capita fruit consumption of Sri Lankans is reported as 100 g per day which lies below the recommendations. Moreover, mothers play a key role in the nutritional status of a family. Thus, the current study was focused on assessing the nutritional knowledge of Sri Lankan mothers in the context of family fruit consumption patterns. The primary data collection tool of this study was the questionnaire survey. The survey was conducted with a representative sample of Sri Lankan mothers (n=140) using self-structured questionnaires. Quantitative and qualitative statistical tools were employed to analyze the collected data of the study. As per the results, majority of the mothers in the sample size were known to have a moderate level of knowledge on fruit consumption (50.7%). Lack of a proper channel to access information was perceived as the major limitation for the poor awareness of the nutritional aspects. Further, the study investigated that the knowledge level of the mothers was significantly associated with the frequency of consuming fruits (p=15.87). The income level is positively correlated with the nutritional knowledge level (0.378) while the occupation has a negative relationship (3.037). The study concludes that the nutritional knowledge of Sri Lankan mothers is higher, and the fruit consumption frequency of their families depends on mothers' nutritional knowledge.

A survey on Helicobacter pylori infection rate in Hainan Province and analysis of related risk factors

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to understand the prevalence and potential risk factors of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Hainan Province, China.MethodsWe conducted this study in 21 health service stations in 5 cities of Hainan Province from August 2022 to April 2023. We selected the various participants based on a stratified whole-group sampling method. The 14C-UBT was used to analyze H. pylori infection in 3632 participants. We also analyzed the possible relationship between variables and H. pylori infection based on chi-square test and multifactorial logistic regression. The model was evaluated by performing a Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and plotting receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves.ResultsIn total, the results of 3632 eligible participants (age: 14 to 93 years) were included in the analysis. The total prevalence of H. pylori infection in Hainan Province was approximately 38.7%. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was found to increase with age, stabilized in the age group of 45 to 64 years, but peaked in the age group of 65 years and older. In multifactorial analysis, the prevalence of H. pylori infection was positively associated with middle-aged adults (45–64 years), older adults (≥ 65 years), drinking, farmers, natural labor, routinely share utensils, have habit of frequent betel nut consumption, upper gastrointestinal symptoms, and family history of gastric cancer. The factors negatively associated with prevalence included family size ≤ 3, washing hands often before meals, frequent exercise, regular meals, and frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables. In addition, the Hosmer–Lemeshow test showed a good fit (χ2 = 12.983, P = 0.112) and the area under ROC was 0.631 (95%CI: 0.613 ~ 0.649).ConclusionThe prevalence of H. pylori infection in Hainan Province was observed to be moderate and closely related to age, local socioeconomic conditions, hygienic status and dietary habits.

Effect of Extraction Methods on the Antioxidant Potential and Cytotoxicity of the Combined Ethanolic Extracts of Daucus carota L., Beta vulgaris L., Phyllanthus emblica L. and Lycopersicon esculentum against Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells.

Frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables in the daily diet may alleviate the risk of developing chronic diseases. Daucus carota L. (carrot), Beta vulgaris L. (beetroot) Phyllanthus emblica L. (amla), and Lycopersicon esculentum M (tomatoes) are traditionally consumed functional foods that contain a high concentration of antioxidants, ascorbic acid, polyphenols, and numerous phytochemicals. This study assessed how three distinct preparation methods affect the phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid, and ascorbic acid contents, antioxidant level, and cytotoxicity of the combined fruit extract. The fruit samples were taken in the ratio of carrot (6): beetroot (2): tomato (1.5): amla (0.5) and processed into a lyophilized slurry (LS) extract, lyophilized juice (LJ) extract, and hot-air oven-dried (HAO) extract samples. The sample extracts were assessed for their phytoconstituent concentrations and antioxidant and cytotoxic potential. The total phenolic content in LS, LJ, and HAO extracts was 171.20 ± 0.02, 120.73 ± 0.02, and 72.05 ± 0.01 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g, respectively and the total flavonoid content was 23.635 ± 0.003, 20.754 ± 0.005, and 18.635 ± 0.005 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g, respectively. Similarly, total ascorbic acid content, carotenoids, and antioxidant potential were higher in the LS and LJ extracts than in HAO. Overall, the LS extract had a substantially higher concentration of phytochemicals and antioxidants, as well as higher cytotoxic potential, compared to the LJ and HAO extracts. The LS extract was tested in the MKN-45 human gastric cancer cell line to demonstrate its effective antioxidant potential and cytotoxicity. Hence, lyophilization (freezing) based techniques are more effective than heat-based techniques in preserving the phytoconstituents and their antioxidant and cytotoxic potential.

Intake of Fruit and Glycemic Control in Korean Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Despite the well-recognized health benefits of fresh fruit consumption, there is still substantial uncertainty about its potential effects on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined the association of fresh fruit consumption and glycemic control in patients with T2DM using data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study sample was divided into three groups based on weekly fruit consumption frequency for the analysis. Patients with the highest fruit intake were older than those in the other two groups, and women were more likely to consume fruits in general. Being a current smoker and weekly alcohol intake also showed negative correlations according to the fruit intake tertiles. Fruit consumption was positively correlated with better hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Moreover, patients in the highest tertile of fruit intake were 3.48 times more likely to be in good glycemic control defined as HbA1c <7%. We observed that fruit consumption can be helpful in glycemic control in Korean patients with T2DM.

EATING HABITS AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH CELIAC DISEASE IN SOUTH BRAZIL.

•Most patients with celiac disease from South Brazil do not consume gluten. •Patients with celiac disease are more careful about gluten cross-contamination in their homes than in restaurants. •Patients with celiac disease from South Brazil have adopted good eating habits with a balanced gluten-free diet. •Nutritional status improved after diagnosis of celiac disease according to body mass index. Background - Celiac disease is defined as a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the small intestine in genetically predisposed people, triggered by exposure to gluten. The only treatment for celiac disease to date is a lifelong gluten-free diet. Eating habits of celiacs play an important role in their nutritional status.Objective - To evaluate the eating habits and nutritional status of patients with celiac disease in Rio Grande do Sul.Methods - This is a cross-sectional study with patients diagnosed with celiac disease residing in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) over 18 years of age. An online questionnaire was applied with calls through social networks and also by the Associação dos Celíacos do Brasil - Rio Grande do Sul Section. Sociodemographic data, history of celiac disease, general medical history, reported weight and height and food consumption data (SISVAN food frequency questionnaire and general questions) were collected. Results - The sample consisted of 142 individuals with a mean age of 39.75±11.5 years, 94.4% were women and 93% were white. The patients showed care regarding a gluten-free diet, with the majority not ingesting gluten (82.2%) and being careful regarding cross-contamination by gluten in their homes (85.9%) and in restaurants (62, 4%). Most patients also had good eating habits, with frequent consumption of fruits, vegetables, meats, eggs and low frequency of processed foods and fats. Body weight before and after the diagnosis of celiac disease did not show significant changes (62.3±13.8 versus 63.6±11.7 kg; P=0.147); however, there was an improvement in the classification of nutritional status by body mass index (malnourished: 11.6% before versus 2.3% after; P=0.016). Conclusion - Most celiac disease patients in this study have good eating habits with a balanced gluten-free diet and improved nutritional status after diagnosis according to body mass index classification.

Association between family meals vs. diet quality and leisure activities of young rural residents.

Research is required to better understand the variables related to the frequency and cohesiveness of family meals. The aim of the study was to determine the association of eating meals with the family with other types of eating behaviours, sedentary behaviours, and physical activity based on a self-reported questionnaire carried out on a sample of the Polish population of rural adolescents. The analysis was performed among adolescents living in rural areas who participated in a survey conducted within the framework of the 'Trzymaj formę!' ('Keep Fit!') programme on eating behaviours. The survey questionnaire was completed by 2,362 teenagers aged 13-16. Generally, positive evidence in terms of eating behaviours resulted in a higher likelihood of eating meals together with family. Not eating breakfast resulted in a decreased chance of eating meals together with the family. The results show that with regard to the use of computers at weekends, in the case of using them for a rather limited time, i.e. from 0.5-2 hours a day, there was a greater chance of having meals together. The results confirm the role of educational programmes in increasing the chances of sharing meals with the family, which confirms the validity of conducting this type of education among children and adolescents. It can be also concluded that the more positive eating behaviours of the surveyed junior high students aged 13-16, consisting in more frequent consumption of fruit, greater consumption of cereal products, and more water consumed during the day, is proof of the positive influence of parents on the nutritional behaviour of their children. This is consistent with good intra-family relationships reflected in a greater tendency to spend time together over a family meal.

Correlates of haemoglobin level in mothers of children under two years in Nanton district: A cross-sectional study from Ghana

ObjectivesAnaemia, defined using haemoglobin level, is one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiency diseases among women of childbearing age. Whilst most studies of anaemia were conducted on pregnant women, data are lacking on the haemoglobin level and its correlates of mothers in Ghana. In this paper, we report data on the correlates of haemoglobin level among mothers in Nanton district, Northern Region, Ghana. MethodA cross-sectional study design was used to study 420 mothers of children under 2 years selected randomly from the child welfare clinics (CWCs) of five health facilities in Nanton District, Ghana. Women were interviewed on their socio-demographic characteristics, dietary practices, reproductive history, and knowledge on anaemia using a structured questionnaire in health facilities. Haemoglobin values during pregnancy were retrieved from antenatal clinic files whilst finger-pricked blood test samples were obtained and used to determine haemoglobin levels during the survey. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the correlates of haemoglobin level of the mothers. ResultsThe mean age (±SD) and parity of the subjects were 29.4 (±6.36) years, and 3.36 (±1.78) respectively. The mean haemoglobin (±SD) was 10.35 (±2.17) g/dl and 56.0% of the subjects had anaemia. Multivariable regression analysis identified 12 haemoglobin correlates, but based on standardized regression coefficients, the seven most important correlates of haemoglobin were: parity (β = −0.396), age (β = 0.352), having malaria infection postpartum (β = - 0.340), frequency of fruit consumption (once weekly, β = 0.322), frequency of vegetable consumption (twice weekly, β = 0.296), overall index of anaemia knowledge (richest tertile, β = 0.125), and CWC attendance (β = 0.110). It is recommended to strengthen family planning and malaria prevention programmes, and to intensify education on fruit and vegetable consumption, and anaemia.

Is “stay-at-home” synonymous of inactivity? Factors related to sedentary lifestyle in a Brazilian sample during COVID-19 initial quarantine

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle (<150 min of physical exercise/week) and associated factors of this behavior in Brazil.Design/methodology/approachAn observational study was conducted through an online questionnaire in August–September 2020 (5.5 months after the beginning of the pandemic in the country). Socioeconomic, lifestyle, anthropometric, dietary and perceived stress data were evaluated as possible related factors to a sedentary lifestyle through multiple logistic regression analysis.FindingsA total of 1,347 individuals were evaluated (median of 31 years old, 80.1% women), of whom 76.7% were considered sedentary. Associated factors to a sedentary lifestyle were being overweight; a greater difference between current weight and prepandemic weight; female sex; lower percentage of home-cooked meals; greater increase in the frequency of consumption of alcoholic beverages; higher frequency of consumption of cereals, sausages and sweets during the pandemic; and higher score of perceived stress.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, no studies have aimed to reveal the associated factors to a sedentary lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Protective factors against a sedentary lifestyle were eating breakfast, being a student, living with parents, a higher frequency of fruit consumption, a higher rate of alcohol consumption and a higher cognitive restriction of food intake during the pandemic. Most of the study participants were sedentary, especially women. A sedentary lifestyle was associated with worse lifestyle/eating habits and stress. Such findings encourage an interdisciplinary approach because habits and lifestyle have numerous interferences.

Nutrition of pregnant. Comparative analysis based on data from a survey of residents of Russian Federation and the Republic of Azerbaijan (on the example of Astrakhan and Baku)

Poor nutrition of the expectant mother leads to an unfavorable course of pregnancy and a number of serious deviations in the development of the child. Therefore, a multifaceted study of the actual nutrition of a pregnant woman is relevant, including the identification of trends associated with geographical, ethnic, and family characteristics. The study was aimed at conducting a comparative analysis of the nutrition of pregnant women from two cities, Astrakhan (Russian Federation) and Baku (Republic of Azerbaijan), by means of a questionnaire. Material and methods. In the course of a voluntary anonymous survey in 2022, 432 women aged 18-50 years old in the II trimester of pregnancy, living in Baku (n=280, group 1) and Astrakhan (n=152, group 2) have been interviewed. The answers of the respondents were analyzed in terms of eating habits, frequency of intake and food repertoire. Results. An analysis of the nutrition of pregnant women from both cities showed that it is unbalanced in terms of a set of products. Significant violations of the diet were noted in women from both studied groups, for example, a reduction in its multiplicity to two times a day (in group 1 - 2.5% and in group 2 - 7.2%). When conducting a comparative analysis of the nutrition of expectant mothers using the Pearson χ-square contingency coefficient, it was found that the groups had no significant differences in the consumption of milk and dairy products, meat and meat products, fish and seafood. Meat and meat products were used daily by no more than 31% of the surveyed, milk and dairy products - 43%, about half of pregnant women didn't consume fish and seafood. A relationship was established between the frequency of fruit consumption and the city of residence of pregnant women, in Baku women consumed fruits more often. In both groups, the abuse of confectionery and sugar was noted, some women already suffered from diabetes (5.4% from Astrakhan and 0.7% from Baku). Digestive pathology was detected in group 1 - in 11.2% (17), in group 2 - in 29.3% (79) of pregnant women. When conducting a comparative analysis of the frequency of consumption of undesirable products (mayonnaise, sauces, chips, carbonated drinks), it turned out that the groups were homogeneous, no connection with the city of residence was established. During pregnancy, 40.1 and 45.0% of women from 1 and 2 groups, respectively, took vitamin-mineral complexes. The level of vitamin D in the blood serum was determined by 29.6 and 6.8% of the respondents, respectively. A comparative analysis of the content of vitamin D in blood serum, determined respectively in 29.6 and 6.8% of respondents, showed that the groups of subjects were homogeneous, no connection of vitamin D level with the city of residence was found. Conclusion. In general, all the peculiarities of pregnant women's nutrition identified in the course of the survey can lead to an imbalance in the diet in terms of nutrient content, a deficiency of complete proteins, vitamins, and trace elements with excessive consumption of carbohydrates. When conducting a comparative analysis, it was possible to identify differences in the diet of pregnant women, relating only to the consumption of fruits - some respondents from Astrakhan consumed fruits less than once a week. Common unfavorable factors for pregnant women of both groups were the abuse of "undesirable" products, flour products and sugar, as well as the lack of involvement of women in the examination to assess the body's vitamin D supply and the rare prescription of vitamin-mineral complexes by specialists to correct micronutrient deficiencies.

Gender Differences in Eating Habits of Polish Young Adults Aged 20-26.

The aim of the study was to examine the nutritional behaviour of young adults depending on gender. A survey was conducted among 467 young adults using the "Questionnaire for the study of nutritional behaviour and opinions on food and nutrition". Questions concerned the frequency of consumption of selected groups of food products. The questionnaire was supplemented by questions regarding the number of portions of fruits and vegetables consumed, putting sugar in drinks, putting salt in dishes and the number of glasses of water drunk. Differences in nutritional behaviours were determined using the χ2 test, at p &lt; 0.05. The dietary choices of women more often than those of men corresponded to the principles of healthy nutrition, related to a greater number of meals consumed during the day, more frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables and the selection of products with lower energy value or preferring healthier methods of culinary processing. Health education programs should prevent the emergence of unfavourable dietary habits such as skipping breakfast or other meals or limiting the consumption of fruits and vegetables and frequently replacing them with high-energy snacks.

Longitudinal Data to Enhance Dynamic Stroke Risk Prediction.

Stroke risk prediction based on electronic health records is currently an important research topic. Previous research activities have generally used single-time physiological data to build static models and have focused on algorithms to improve prediction accuracy. Few studies have considered historical measurements from a data perspective to construct dynamic models. Since it is a chronic disease, the risk of having a stroke increases and the corresponding risk factors become abnormal when healthy people are diagnosed with a stroke. Therefore, in this paper, we applied longitudinal data, with the backward joint model, to the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity and Happy Family Study's dataset to monitor changes in individuals' health status precisely on time and to increase the prediction accuracy of the model. The three-year prediction accuracy of our model, considering three measurements of longitudinal parameters, is 0.926. This is higher than the traditional Cox proportional hazard model, which has a 0.833 prediction accuracy. The results obtained in this study verified that longitudinal data improves stroke risk prediction accuracy and is promising for dynamic stroke risk prediction and prevention. Our model also verified that the frequency of fruit consumption, erythrocyte hematocrit, and glucose are potential stroke-related factors.

Optimal process condition ( UV‐C ): Quantitative findings on the mineral profile, bio‐active profile, and changes in the quality attributes of fresh microgreen juice

This paper call attention to the functional role of Microgreen, UV-C treatment (eco-friendly), and cold press juices. An evidential report states the frequent consumption of veggies can lower the risk of chronic diseases and hidden hunger among the population. Recent findings reveal the higher potential of microgreens than matured plants. Processing of MG into juices may increase the bioavailability of nutrients and is more economic than fruit juices. However, no scientific findings were found on the process optimization of microgreen juices, especially under UV-C techniques. The present study determines the active profile of MG extract and mineral profile, quality, and sensory attributes of UV-C treated juice. Our findings, disclose the mineral profile [Mn 28%, Fe 12%, Zn 5.6%, Mg 5%, Ca and K 3%] and complete inactivation of bacterial load in treated MG juice. UV-C treatment exhibited no significant changes in the sensory and quality attributes (except phenolic and antioxidant) of MG juices. Practical applications Frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) comparatively reduces the risk of chronic diseases and hidden hunger among the population. Still, there is a huge inconvenience faced by low and middle income due to their affordability. Costs behind the productivity and processing of healthy products directly affect affordability. To overcome these limitations, we find a suitable alternative by developing the functional juice under low economic and eco-friendly process treatment (UV-C). Microgreens (MG)—fresh produce, strong flavor, rich in micronutrients, and holds several culinary applications. Microgreens are rich in functional value at the same time highly sustainable than matured plants and vegetables. The outcome of our study supports the suitability of UV-C treatment on enhancing the quality attributes of fresh microgreen juices. The optimal processed condition of our research may help in scaling this technique for industrial scale-up.

Frequency of fruit consumption and savoury snacking predict psychological health; selective mediation via cognitive failures.

While there is growing interest in the link between diet and psychological health, there is a surprising lack of studies investigating the precise associations between nutrient-rich foods (such as fruit and vegetables) versus nutrient-poor foods (such as energy-dense savoury and sweet snacks), and psychological health. Similarly, the psychological processes underpinning the relationship between dietary intake and psychological health remain unclear. Hence, the present study aimed to explore the relationship between dietary consumption and psychological health, with cognitive processes as a theoretical mediator. This cross-sectional online study included 428 healthy adults (53% female; mean age= 39.7, SD= 13.0), with participants completing a range of validated questionnaires measuring dietary habits and psychological health. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that more frequent consumption of fruit was associated with reduced symptoms of depression (β = -.109, p = 0.025) and greater positive psychological wellbeing (β = .187, p < 0.001). Conversely, more frequent savoury snacking was associated with increased anxiety (β = .127, p = 0.005). Further, mediation analyses revealed that more frequent consumption of savoury snacks was associated with increased symptoms of depression, stress, anxiety, and reduced psychological wellbeing, via an increase in cognitive failures (ps < 0.001). These results provide new insights on the independent associations between certain types of food and psychological health, and the psychological mechanisms that may mediate these. Further work is now required to establish causality and determine whether these may represent modifiable dietary targets that can directly (and indirectly) influence our psychological health.

The Prediction Models for High-Risk Population of Stroke Based on Logistic Regressive Analysis and Lightgbm Algorithm Separately.

We aimed to investigate the high-risk factors of stroke through logistic regressive analysis and using LightGBM algorithm separately. The results of the two models were compared for instructing the prevention of stroke. Samples of residents older than 40 years of age were collected from two medical examination centers in Jiaxing, China from 2018 to 2019. Among the total 2124 subjects, 1059 subjects were middle-aged people (40-59 years old) and 1065 subjects were elder-aged people (≥60 years old). Their demographic characteristics, medical history, family history, eating habits etc. were recorded and separately input into logistic regressive analysis and LightGBM algorithm to build the prediction models of high-risk population of stroke. Four values including F1 score, accuracy, recall rate and AUROC were compared between the two models. The risk factors of stroke were positively correlated with age, while negatively correlated with the frequency of fruit consumption and taste preference. People with low-salt diet were associated with less risk of stroke than those with high-salt diet, and male had higher stroke risk than female. Meanwhile, the risk factors were positively correlated with the frequency of alcohol consumption in the middle-aged group, and negatively correlated with the education level in the elder-aged group. Furthermore, the four values from LightGBM were higher than those from logistic regression, except for the recall value of the middle-aged group. Age, gender, family history of hypertension and diabetes, the frequency of fruit consumption, alcohol and dairy products, taste preference, and education level could as the risk predictive factors of stroke. The Model of using LightGBM algorithm is more accurate than that using logistic regressive analysis.

Associations between fruit consumption and home blood pressure in a randomly selected sample of the general Swedish population

Frequent fruit consumption has been associated with lower office blood pressure. Less is known about associations between fruit consumption and home blood pressure. Our aim was to study the correlation between consumption of specific fruits and home blood pressure in a large randomly selected study population. The main outcome was systolic home blood pressure. Home blood pressure measurements were performed with calibrated oscillometric meters during seven consecutive days. Means for all available measurements were used. Validated food frequency questionnaires were used for estimating frequency of fruit consumption. The specified fruits were bananas, apples/pears and oranges/citrus fruit. Complete case analysis regarding fruit consumption, office‐ and home blood pressure measurements and other relevant variables was performed in 2283 study participants out of 2603 available. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. There were statistically significant associations between consumption of all fruit types and lower systolic home blood pressure unadjusted (p for trend; bananas, apples/pears and oranges/citrus fruit p < .001). The numerical differences between most and least frequent consumption of fruit were for bananas ‐2.7 mm Hg, apples/pears ‐3.9 mm Hg and for oranges/citrus fruit ‐3.4 mm Hg. When adjusted for covariates, both consumption of apples/pears and oranges/citrus fruit had an independent statistically significant association with lower blood pressure (p = .048 resp. p = .009). Future controlled interventional studies are needed to evaluate the effect of specific fruit on home blood pressure.

Lack of an association between dietary patterns and adiposity among primary school children in Kilimanjaro Tanzania

IntroductionHealthy dietary habits prevent childhood overweight and obesity and the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) later in life. We examined dietary patterns and their association with adiposity among primary school children in northern Tanzania.MethodsDietary data was collected by 24-h recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for 1170 primary school children aged 9 – 11 years from 20 primary schools in the Kilimanjaro region. Factor analysis and FFQ data were used to identify dietary patterns. Children were categorized into terciles of their adherence to each dietary pattern. Multilevel logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of dietary pattern terciles with adiposity indicators: body mass index z–scores (BMI z scores), body fat percentage by bioelectrical impedance, triceps, subscapular skinfold thicknesses, and waist circumference.ResultsFifteen percent of children had BMI Z > 1.0, indicating overweight or obesity. Two dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis: a healthy pattern characterized by frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables; and a mixed dietary pattern characterized by intake of fatty snacks, sweets and sugar snacks, sugary beverages, meat and alternatives, milk, and milk products. After adjusting for potential confounders, for both models: model 1 (age and sex), and model 2 (age, sex, school type, time spent walking to school, district [urban/ rural], availability of television and electronic gadgets at home and neighbourhood playground); we found no significant associations between dietary patterns and adiposity measures.ConclusionDietary patterns were not associated with adiposity in Tanzanian primary school children, possibly because of limitations of the FFQ, which did not record information on portion sizes. Future research should focus on understanding the key foods / snacks consumed by school children, portion sizes and their long-term effects on adiposity in children.

Association between sleep duration and activity of daily living in the elderly aged 65 years and older in China

Objective: To investigate the association between sleep duration and activity of daily living (ADL) in the elderly aged 65 years and older in China. Methods: A total of 11 247 subjects aged 65 and above were included in the Chinese Elderly Health Factors Tracking Survey from March 29, 2005 to April 8, 2019. Self-made questionnaire was used to collect the data of population sociological characteristics, health status and disease status. ADL status was assessed by basic activities of daily living. The association between sleep duration and ADL impairment was assessed by Cox proportional risk regression model. The dose-response relationship between sleep duration and ADL impairment was analyzed using restricted cubic spline function. Results: The age of the subjects was (79±10) years, including 5 793(51.5%) females. The incidence of ADL impairment was 33.3% (3 747/11 247). Subjects were divided into short, medium, and long sleep groups according to sleep duration of fewer than seven hours, seven to eight hours, or more than eight hours. The number of short, medium and long sleepers was 2 974 (26.4%), 4 922 (43.8%) and 3 351(29.8%), respectively. The intermediate sleep group had the lowest incidence of impaired ADL (4.98/100 person-years). Cox proportional risk regression model analysis showed that: taking the intermediate sleep group as reference, after adjustment of gender, age, marital status, educational level, place of residence, living with family, smoking, drinking, exercise, frequency of fruit consumption, vegetable intake frequency, sleep quality, factors such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, the long sleep time increased the risk of impaired ADL [HR (95%CI): 1.148 (1.062-1.241)]. Subgroup analysis showed a weak positive multiplicative interaction between sleep duration and age [HR (95%CI): 1.004 (1.000-1.009)], but no multiplicative interaction between sleep duration and sex [HR(95%CI): 0.948 (0.870-1.034)]. Longer sleep duration increased the risk of ADL impairment in women [HR (95%CI): 1.195 (1.074-1.329)], but not in men [HR (95%CI): 1.084 (0.966-1.217)]. Longer sleep duration increased the risk of ADL impairment in people aged 80 years and older [HR (95%CI): 1.185 (1.076-1.305)], but not in people younger than 80 years [HR (95%CI): 1.020 (0.890-1.169)]. There was a non-linear dose-response relationship between sleep duration and ADL damage (P=0.007), and the risk of ADL damage was lowest when sleep duration was 7.5 h. Conclusion: Sleep duration was positively correlated with the risk of ADL impairment in the elderly in a nonlinear dose-response relationship.