Frequent Disruptions Research Articles

Solar air heater roughened with chamfered grooves: Thermal enhancement and entropy minimization

Solar air heater (SAH) is a device that converts solar energy into thermal energy by passing a turbulent flow of air through a duct. Roughness is used on the absorber plate in a SAH to improve its heat transfer efficacy. Rectangular grooves have been employed in previous studies, but the corners of these elements tend to have negligible heat transfer due to stagnant zones. This has led to the exploration of chamfered grooves, which may enhance heat transfer by reducing the stagnation zones. In the present computational study, the effects of chamfered grooves on heat transfer , friction factor , thermal enhancement factor (TEF) and entropy generation are investigated. The steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved with RNG k−ɛ turbulence model. Chamfering is applied to the inner edges of the rectangular grooves at various depths. The pitch and Reynolds number are also varied in the present study. TEF shows that chamfered grooves outperform rectangular grooves. The maximum enhancements in heat transfer, friction factor and TEF are found to be 1.74, 1.81 and 1.43 (43 %) times those of the smooth duct, respectively. Further, the introduction of grooved roughness reduces the local entropy generation Sgen‴ by frequent disruptions of thermal and hydrodynamic boundary-layers. The entropy generation due to heat transfer dominates Sgen‴. Finally, the optimized roughness leads to a reduction in total entropy generation Sgen∗ by 63.10 % compared to the smooth duct. The results indicate that the maximization of the TEF and the minimization of Sgen∗ are consistently aligned with varying pitch. However, the highest TEF is observed at a moderate value of chamfered depth, where the flow separation effects are counterbalanced by the benefits of re-attachment.

Illnesses and sleep deprivation

Introduction: Sleep is defined on the basis of behavioural and physiological criteria dividing it into two states : non rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep which is subdivided into three stages (N1,N2,N3) abs rapid eye movement (REM) sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, muscle atonia and desynchronized EEG [1]. The most important step in assessing a patient with a sleep complaint is obtaining a detailed history including family and previous histories. Material and Methods: There were analyzed articles from PubMed database from the last 5 years 2019-2024, mentioned such words as “illnesses”, “sleep deprivation” [2]. As well as scientific works that have not lost their relevance today [3-6]. Results: For example, critically ill patients frequently experience poor sleep, characterized by frequent disruptions, loss of circadian rhythms and pancity of time spent in restorative sleep stages. Factors that are associated with sleep stages. One of them is critical condition in the intensive care unit ICU include patient-ventilator dyssynchrony, medications, patient care and interactions environmental noise and light [ 7-24]. Along with ICU patients, also medical human resources ICU suffer from sleep disorders due to psycho-emotional burnout (PEB) [25] and chronic fatigue syndrome [7], sometimes not different from wartime PEB [ 26]. Conclusion: Sleep disturbance during intensive care unit admission is common. Sleep disturbance has been observed in survivors of critical illness even after transfer out of the ICU. Sleep disturbance is common in critically ill patients up to 12 months after hospital discharge. Like, and medical human resources ICU, may suffer from sleep problems throughout their lives.

Designing an all-laser processing and operating microheater conceptual device for medical applications

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition affecting a significant portion of the population, with a reported prevalence of 33% and 19% in males and females, respectively. OSA is associated with an increased risk of sudden death, with studies suggesting nearly double the risk compared to individuals without OSA. The condition is characterized by frequent sleep disruptions due to airway collapse, often at the level of the tongue or soft palate. Current treatment approaches primarily rely on radiofrequency (RF) ablation for tissue volume reduction. While effective, this technique can cause significant collateral damage and postoperative pain due to extensive burning of surrounding tissues. To avoid such drawbacks, in this work it is proposed and discussed the features of a possible conceptual all-laser-processing and operating device that can produce localized heat affected zones, with the possibility to monitor the local temperature during the procedure. The device is based on the eutectic composition of the system Al2O3-YAG, with double doping Nd3+ and Cr3+ crystalline fiber tip, which is prepared by the Laser-Heated Pedestal Growth technique on a sapphire single crystal fiber end. The results showed that the tip, although highly Nd3+-doped, follows the Jackson-Hunt relation for binary eutectic compounds. The lifetime of the luminescence produced by the Cr3+ doping, emitted by the eutectic tip, can act as a temperature sensor for the device in the range of 30 to 100 °C.

Structural effects of intraretinal cysts on outer retinal layers in eyes with diabetic macular edema

BackgroundDiabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of visual loss in individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aims to investigate the effects of central macular intraretinal cysts on the underlying outer retinal layer (ORL) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).MethodsIn this retrospective and cross-sectional study, diabetic patients with or without DR were categorized into three groups: without DME (group 1), with DME but without any cyst featuring a plateau in the lower region (group 2), and patients with cyst featuring an inferior cyst plateau (group 3), defined as a flat conformation at its posterior aspect. Variables such as central macular intraretinal cyst height, inferior cyst plateau, and ORL thickness were measured, and ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption was assessed via Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and compared between groups. Correlations between OCT-measured variables and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were investigated.ResultsA total of 164 eyes were included: 48 in group 1, 47 in group 2 and 69 in group 3. Compared with Groups 1 and 2, Group 3 presented a greater intraretinal cyst height (p < 0.001), a thinner mean ORL beneath the cysts (p < 0.0001) and more frequent EZ disruption (p < 0.0001), which was associated with lower BCVA values. Cyst height, cyst plateau and ORL thickness were significantly correlated with BCVA (p < 0.0001). EZ disruption was associated with the cyst height, the cyst plateau and the underlying ORL thickness. Correlations were observed between cyst height and ORL thickness (r = − 0.32, p < 0.001), between cyst height and cyst plateau (r = 0.60, p < 0.001), and between cyst plateau and ORL thickness (r = − 0.56, p < 0.001). Every increase of 10 μm in plateau width and in cyst height results in reductions of 0.16 μm and 0.29 μm in ORL thickness, respectively, independent of the other parameters. The optimal cutoff point for cyst height that best discriminates plateau formation was determined to be 130.5 μm, with a sensitivity of 89.9% and specificity of 83%.ConclusionsIn patients with DME, large central intraretinal cysts may assume a flat configuration in their lower region, termed a plateau, and are associated with photoreceptor damage due to compression, which can result in visual impairment. These findings can be understood based on modified Hertz’s mechanical contact theory.

Sex-related differences in early morphological and clinical outcomes in patients with type A intramural haematoma: an observational cohort study.

To investigate sex-based differences in presenting characteristics and early outcomes of type A intramural haematoma. Patients with type A intramural haematoma in an institutional cohort were consecutively enrolled between December 2013 and July 2022. Presenting characteristics, morphological progression and all-cause death during hospitalization were evaluated according to patient sex. Among 473 patients, 48.0% were female. Females were older (65.9 ± 9.1 vs 58.5 ± 11.5 years, P < 0.001) with larger ascending aortic diameters (52.2 ± 6.6 vs 48.3 ± 6.1 mm, P < 0.001), thicker haematomas (11.5 ± 4.9 vs 9.5 ± 3.4 mm, P < 0.001) and more frequent focal intimal disruptions (45.4% vs 29.7%, P < 0.001). Within 30 days of initial medical therapy, 89.8% of males vs 70.1% of females showed morphological regression or stable condition on repeat computed tomography angiography. The in-hospital mortality was 9.7% in females (n = 22) and 2.8% in males (n = 7). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed higher early mortality in females (P = 0.002). Multivariable Cox regression showed female sex as an independent risk factor for early death (hazard ratio: 2.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.2-6.8, P = 0.021). Subgroup analysis revealed no heterogeneity according to subgroups including older age (71-90 years), ascending aortic diameter ≥50 mm, presence of focal intimal disruption, presence of pericardial effusion, haematoma thickness ≥11 mm and hypertension. Female patients with type A intramural haematoma presented with worse characteristics, higher early morphological progression and an increased risk of early death compared to males.

MG53 Protein-Mediated biomimetic nanotherapeutics for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction by driving the impaired plasma membrane resealing

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading global cause of mortality. The frequent disruptions of cardiomyocyte plasma membranes underscore the pivotal role played by MG53, a tissue repair protein secreted by skeletal muscle in response to physical exercise, in cardioprotection. However, the clinical application of recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) is challenged by its short circulation half-life, necessitating frequent administration, and its low cell membrane permeability. Here we introduce an innovative MG53 protein-mediated biomimetic nanotherapeutic (Rm@mSiO2@MG53) to address the poor delivery. Rm@mSiO2@MG53 nanotherapeutics, attributed to the high specific surface area and adjustable pore size of mSiO2 and the expression of CD47 on erythrocyte membranes, enable sustained protein delivery, enhance their ability to evade the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS), and extend the half-life of rhMG53 proteins in circulation. In a mouse MI model, Rm@mSiO2@MG53 demonstrated superior efficacy in protecting injured cardiomyocytes and preserving heart function post-MI. Our findings developed a novel protein biomimetic nanotherapeutics that mediates heart repair by driving cell membrane resealing, offering the potential to expedite the clinical deployment of rhMG53 as a viable therapeutic for treating MI and other tissue injuries.

Nature-inspired design principles promote supply network resilience

The dynamic, interconnected nature of modern supply chains makes it important to understand how firm-level decision-making will impact the robustness of supply chains to disruption. The behavior of naturally evolved distribution systems offers a useful starting point to identify potential design features that can promote robustness without compromising the viability of individual firms. Drawing inspiration from how ant food-sharing networks respond to supply shortages, we developed an agent-based model of a generalized supply network and evaluated how different local strategies influenced the ability of firms to acquire sufficient resources to meet their demand. Our simulations reveal that differences among firms in strategic behavior can reduce variation in outcomes across firms while maintaining mean performance, thereby buffering system-level robustness. In addition, the ability to expand one’s supplier network bolstered performance when firms experienced difficulty in meeting their demand. Conversely, under the assumptions of our model, overly relying on distributors to gain access to additional suppliers or to gain competitive advantages was ineffective in helping firms to meet their consumptive demand. Our nature-inspired modeling framework provides a potentially useful approach for evaluating how different participant decision-making strategies may impact the robustness and resilience of global supply chains that are increasingly likely to face frequent and unpredictable disruptions.

Supervised machine learning on ECG features to classify sleep in non-critically ill children.

Despite frequent sleep disruption in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU), bedside sleep monitoring in real-time is currently not available. Supervised machine learning (ML) applied to electrocardiography (ECG) data may provide a solution, since cardiovascular dynamics are directly modulated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) during sleep. Retrospective study using hospital-based polysomnography (PSG) recordings obtained in non-critically ill children between 2017 and 2021. Six age categories were defined: 6-12 months, 1-3 years, 3-5 years, 5-9 years, 9-13 years and 13-18 years. Features were derived in time, frequency and non-linear domain from pre-processed ECG data. Sleep classification models were developed for two, three, four and five state using logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF) and XGBoost (XGB) classifiers during five-fold nested cross-validation. Models were additionally validated across age categories. A total of 90 non-critically ill children were included with a median (Q1, Q3) recording length of 549.0 (494.8, 601.3) minutes. The three models obtained AUROC 0.72 - 0.78 with minimal variation across classifiers and age categories. Balanced accuracies were 0.70 - 0.72, 0.59 - 0.61, 0.50 - 0.51 and 0.41 - 0.42 for two, three, four and five state. Generally, the XGB model obtained the highest balanced accuracy (p < 0.05), except for five state where LR excelled (p = 0.67). ECG-based ML models are a promising and non-invasive method for automated sleep classification directly at the bedside of non-critically ill children aged 6 months to 18 years. Models obtained moderate-to-good performance for two and three state classification.

A complete 3D-printed tool kit for Solid-State NMR sample and rotor handling

Solid state NMR (SSNMR) is a highly versatile and broadly applicable method for studying the structure and dynamics of biomolecules and materials. For scientists entering the field of SSNMR, the many quotidian activities required in the workflow to prepare samples for data collection can present a significant barrier to adoption. These steps include transfer of samples into rotors, marking the reflective surfaces for high sensitivity tachometer signal detection, inserting rotors into the magic-angle spinning (MAS) stator, achieving stable spinning, and removing and storing rotors to ensure reproducibility of data collection conditions. Even experienced spectroscopists experience occasional problems with these operations, and the cumulative probability of a delay to successful data collection is high enough to cause frequent disruptions to instrument schedules, particularly in the context of large facilities serving a diverse community of users. These problems are all amplified when utilizing rotors smaller than about 4 mm in diameter. Therefore, to improve the reliability and robustness of SSNMR sample preparation workflows, here we describe a set of tools for rotor packing, unpacking, tachometer marking, extraction and storage. Stereolithography 3D printing was employed as a cost-effective and convenient method for prototyping and manufacturing a full range of designs suitable for several types of probes and rotor geometries.

Can Operating Room Design Make Orthopedic Surgeries Shorter, Safer, and More Efficient?: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

The study aimed to fill the knowledge gap about how operating room (OR) design could reduce orthopedic surgery duration and contribute to surgical care safety and efficiency. Long surgery duration may lead to delays and cancellations of surgeries, deteriorated patient experiences, postoperative complications, and waste of healthcare resources. The OR physical environment may contribute to the reduction of surgery duration by minimizing workflow disruptions and personnel movements during surgeries. Unobtrusive observations were conducted of 70 unilateral total knee or hip replacement surgeries in two differently designed ORs at a community hospital in the United States. A set of computer-based forms adapted from recent research was used to measure the surgery duration, environment-related disruptions, and ambulatory movements involving circulators. Potential confounding factors like surgery type were controlled in statistical analyses. Significantly shorter surgery durations were recorded in the larger OR with more clearances on both sides of the operating table, a wider door located on the sidewall, more cabinets, and more clearance between the circulator workstation and the sterile field (p =.019). The better-designed OR was also associated with less frequent disruptions and fewer movements per case (p < .001). Significant correlations existed between surgery duration, the number of disruptions, and the number of movements (rs = .576-.700, ps < .001). The study demonstrated the important role of OR physical environment in supporting the safe and efficient delivery of surgical care, which should be further enhanced through research and design innovations.

Apnoea suppresses brain activity in infants

Abstract Apnoea—the cessation of breathing—is commonly observed in premature infants. These events can reduce cerebral oxygenation and are associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, relatively little is known about how apnoea and shorter pauses in breathing impact brain function in infants, which will provide greater mechanistic understanding of how apnoea affects brain development. We analysed simultaneous recordings of respiration, electroencephalography (EEG), heart rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation in 124 recordings from 118 infants (post-menstrual age: 38.6 ± 2.7 weeks [mean ± standard deviation]) during apnoeas (pauses in breathing greater than 15 seconds) and shorter breathing pauses between 5 and 15 seconds. EEG amplitude significantly decreased during both apnoeas and short breathing pauses compared with normal breathing periods. Change in EEG amplitude was significantly associated with change in heart rate during apnoea and short breathing pauses and, during apnoeas only, with oxygen saturation change. No associations were found between EEG amplitude changes and apnoea/pause duration, post-menstrual age, or sleep state. As apnoeas often occur in premature infants, frequent disruption to brain activity may impact neural development and result in long-term neurodevelopmental consequences.

Large-ensemble assessment of the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex morphology and disruptions

Abstract. The stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) comprises strong westerly winds during winter in each hemisphere. Despite ample knowledge on the SPV's high variability and its frequent disruptions by sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), questions on how well current climate models can simulate these dynamics remain open. Specifically the accuracy in reproducing SPV morphology and the differentiation between split and displacement SSW events are crucial to assess the models in this regard. In this study, we evaluate the capability of climate models to simulate the NH SPV by comparing large ensembles of historical simulations to ERA5 reanalysis data. For this, we analyze geometric-based diagnostics at three pressure levels that describe SPV morphology. Our analysis reveals that no model exactly reproduces SPV morphology of ERA5 in all diagnostics at all altitudes. Concerning the SPV morphology as stretching (aspect ratio) and location (centroid latitude) parameters, most models are biased to some extent, but the strongest deviations can be found for the vortex-splitting parameter (excess kurtosis). Moreover, some models underestimate the variability of SPV strength. Assessing the reliability of the ensembles in distinguishing SSWs subdivided into SPV displacement and split events, we find large differences between the model ensembles. In general, SPV displacements are represented better than splits in the simulation ensembles, and high-top models and models with finer vertical resolution perform better. A good performance in representing the morphological diagnostics does not necessarily imply reliability and therefore a good performance in simulating displacements and splits. Assessing the model biases and their representation of SPV dynamics is needed to improve credibility of climate model projections, for example, by giving stronger weightings to better performing models.

Dynamic response and deformation failure microscopic characteristics of cyclic impact-cemented tailing backfill.

Frequent blasting disruptions can lead to cumulative damage within the cemented tailing backfill (CTB), increasing the risks associated with mining operations and reducing the recovery rate of the pillar. To address this issue, the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) was utilized to conduct cyclic impact tests on CTB containing various cement tailing ratios (CTR) at different curing ages. The tests analyzed the stress-strain curve law, dynamic compressive strength (DCS), dynamic strength increase factor (DIF), absorption energy, and deformation failure characteristics of CTB under different impact velocities. Additionally, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to investigate the internal pore structural properties of CTB. The research findings indicate that (1) Average strain rate exhibits a linear relationship with the DCS and impact velocity. A lower number of impacts occurred at higher impact velocities and shorter curing age. The number of impacts was drastically reduced when the impact velocity surpassed 3m/s. As the CTR increased, the number of impacts also increased. When the number of impacts increased, the elastic modulus, dynamic impact strength, and peak strain initially increased before ultimately decreasing. (2) Under the cyclic impact load, the shear failure and axial splitting failure were the main failure modes of CTB. Increasing the CTR may be a more effective strategy for reducing the degree of CTB fragmentation compared to prolonging the curing age. When the impact velocity is lower than 3m/s, CTB can withstand multiple impacts and maintain high levels of integrity. When the DIF of the first shock is below 1.5, the CTB demonstrates a capability to withstand more than four shocks. If the DIF exceeds 2, the CTB can only endure a single shock. (3) NMR and SEM observations revealed that CTB itself contains more pores. A dense network structure will grow inside CTB as the curing age and CTR are increased, reducing the porosity. The pore size observed in the samples also support that increasing CTR may be a more effective strategy. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the kinetic response of CTB in deep mines under frequent blasting disruption and offer a valuable reference point for future research in this area.

Optimizing Supply Chain Resilience in the Era of Global Disruptions: A Comprehensive Framework for Effective Risk Management

In the contemporary global business environment, characterized by increasing interconnectivity and frequent disruptions, supply chain resilience has become paramount for organizational success. This thesis introduces a comprehensive framework aimed at optimizing supply chain resilience amidst such challenges. Drawing from extensive literature, theoretical models, and empirical research, the framework emphasizes proactive risk identification, robust mitigation strategies, and agile response mechanisms. It stresses collaboration, information sharing, and alignment among supply chain partners, leveraging technology for enhanced visibility and adaptability. Additionally, the framework underscores the significance of organizational culture, leadership, and employee empowerment in fostering resilience. Through empirical validation and case studies, practical insights are provided, addressing challenges like resource allocation and sustainability integration. Moreover, the thesis explores emerging trends such as climate change impacts and technological advancements, guiding organizations towards future-proofing their supply chains.

Comprehensive Genetic Profiling Reveals Frequent Alterations of Driver Genes on the X Chromosome in Extranodal NK/T-cell Lymphoma.

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related neoplasm with male dominance and a poor prognosis. A better understanding of the genetic alterations and their functional roles in ENKTCL could help improve patient stratification and treatments. In this study, we performed a comprehensive genetic analysis of 178 ENKTCL cases to delineate the landscape of mutations, copy number alterations (CNA), and structural variations, identifying 34 driver genes including six previously unappreciated ones, namely, HLA-B, HLA-C, ROBO1, CD58, POT1, and MAP2K1. Among them, CD274 (24%) was the most frequently altered, followed by TP53 (20%), CDKN2A (19%), ARID1A (15%), HLA-A (15%), BCOR (14%), and MSN (14%). Chromosome X losses were the most common arm-level CNAs in females (∼40%), and alterations of four X-linked driver genes (MSN, BCOR, DDX3X, and KDM6A) were more frequent in males and females harboring chromosome X losses. Among X-linked drivers, MSN was the most recurrently altered, and its expression was lost in approximately one-third of cases using immunohistochemical analysis. Functional studies of human cell lines showed that MSN disruption promoted cell proliferation and NF-κB activation. Moreover, MSN inactivation increased sensitivity to NF-κB inhibition in vitro and in vivo. In addition, recurrent deletions were observed at the origin of replication in the EBV genome (6%). Finally, by integrating the 34 drivers and 19 significant arm-level CNAs, nonnegative matrix factorization and consensus clustering identified two molecular groups with different genetic features and prognoses irrespective of clinical prognostic factors. Together, these findings could help improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in ENKTCL. Significance: Integrative genetic analyses and functional studies in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma identify frequent disruptions of X-linked drivers, reveal prognostic molecular subgroups, and uncover recurrent MSN alterations that confer sensitivity to NF-κB inhibition.

Complexation of correlation-extreme navigation systems

The constantly increasing intensity of air traffic, due to the growth in the number of manned and unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as the increasingly frequent disruptions of radio navigation systems in recent years, require the development of new methods for increasing the accuracy and continuity of navigation support for flights. The use of correlation-extreme navigation systems (CENS), using digital terrain matrices (DEM) of the earth's surface, makes it possible to solve navigation problems when flying over many types of terrain. However, in the case of a multi-extreme correlation dependence, the problem of ambiguity in determining the location of the aircraft arises, which reduces the accuracy and continuity of the data generated by such a CENS. The aim of article to develop a method for integrating of airborne CENSs using DEM and optical images of the earth's surface to improve the accuracy and continuity of navigation determinations. A method has been developed for integrating CENS, built on the use of DEM and digital devices for the formation and processing of optical images, and allowing to increase the accuracy of classical correlation-extremal methods in the conditions of the emergence of multi-extremal correlation dependence. The paper examines the possibility of using digital devices for forming and processing images as part of the on-board equipment of an aircraft as a means of clarifying its current location when solving autonomous navigation problems, in particular, to correct deviations of the flight path of the aircraft from a given course.

On supplier resilience: How supplier performance, disruption frequency, and disruption duration are interrelated

Supply chain disruptions have a well-documented detrimental impact on firm performance, and recent crises have reaffirmed this effect. While the relationship between a supplier's overall performance and the frequency and duration of supply chain disruptions is often suggested, it lacks substantial empirical evidence. We conducted three comprehensive empirical analyses using panel data involving 352 suppliers to investigate the relationship between supplier performance and supply chain disruptions. Our findings indicate a negative correlation between supplier performance and the frequency and duration of disruptions, that is, poorly performing suppliers are associated with more frequent and longer disruptions. Furthermore, disruption intensity (disruption frequency × disruption duration) exacerbates the negative impact on performance. We find that disruptions have a milder negative performance effect when they emanate from suppliers that have a history as “good performers” compared to “poor performers.” A supplementary analysis shows that disruptions notably affect supplier quality. This study bears significance for practitioners and contributes to the literature on supplier resilience. Our analyses highlight that supplier performance is not only an important predictor for the occurrence of supply chain disruptions but also mitigates (i.e., moderates) the negative effects in case they occur.

Laser-induced emission from iron oxide nanoparticles in spray-flame synthesis: in situ high-speed microscopy

Spray-flame synthesis uses low-cost precursors dissolved in organic solvents to produce functional metaloxide nanoparticles. In the spray flame, the precursor-laden droplets show frequent and intense thermally-induced disruption, so-called puffing and micro-explosion. This process is often correlated with high uniformity of particle sizes. Whether puffing and micro-explosion are also directly associated with the formation or release of iron oxide nanoparticles is not clear. Also, the spatiotemporal evolution of nanoparticles in the turbulent flow field of the flame is largely unknown from experiments. We performed simultaneous high-speed microscopic imaging of droplet shadowgraphs at 360 kHz as well as elastic light scattering (ELS) and laser-induced emission (LIE) of nanoparticles at 40 kHz. Comparing ELS and LIE images allows distinguishing signals from droplets, flame, and nanoparticles, as only the nanoparticles will appear in images from both methods. ELS and LIE show nanoparticles as thin narrow filaments, presumably following the local flow. Nanoparticle filaments are found at a height of 50 mm and more above the burner in the spray flame. The filaments show increasing LIE signal and higher confinement with increasing height above the burner. The appearance of LIE and thus nanoparticles does not directly correlate with the presence of droplets or their disruption.

Reconstructing the life histories of a noble couple from the Joseon period, Korea, based on skeletal evidence and historical records

AbstractThis study is an osteobiography of a noble couple who were members of the “ruling elite” in the 18th‐century Joseon period, Korea. The archaeological context and historical records indicate that the couple lived and died during a period marked by strict observance of social hierarchy. The husband's skeleton exhibits clear evidence of craniosynostosis and spinal scoliosis. In particular, congenital craniosynostosis of the skull likely caused deformities in his craniofacial morphology during his lifetime. The physical deformities and discomforts revealed by his craniofacial and vertebral skeleton shed light on the documented passivity and frequent disruptions to his government positions. Meanwhile, his wife's age at death, 93 years, is exceptionally long. The osteological investigation suggests that she seems to have lived without severe stressors. Her skeletal remains show no evidence of occupational stress or chronic disease. Until now, our understanding of the Joseon period nobility has predominantly relied on artifacts and summaries of the deceased's life discovered in tombs, as well as written documents such as diaries, evaluation records, and letters. This study reconstructs the lives of this couple through osteological evidence, historical records, and social context. This holistic approach will provide a novel perspective for a more comprehensive understanding of the lives of nobility and intellectuals of the period.

Abstract A057: Inter-tumor heterogeneity revealed by multi-site whole genome sequencing of high grade serous ovarian cancer

Abstract A057: Inter-tumor heterogeneity revealed by multi-site whole genome sequencing of high grade serous ovarian cancer