Frequency Of Poor Sleep Quality Research Articles

Exploring Sleep Patterns in 3,475 College Students: A Comparative Study of Geographical Location, Gender, and Age

Abstract Objective Sleep is a fundamental physiological process essential for maintaining overall health and optimal functioning across various cognitive, emotional, and physical domains. To cross-sectionally investigate the sleep pattern among college students according to geographical location, gender, and age. Materials and Methods A total of 3,475 valid responses, 3,366 from 4 continents (Africa – n = 1,095; America – n = 182; Asia – n = 1,562; Europe – n = 527); 2,075 from female students and 1,369 from male students (n = 3,444), were analyzed. Sleep quality, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness were assessed using validated questionnaires (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], Insomnia Severity Index [ISI], and Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], respectively). Results Students from all continents had poor sleep quality, and there were inter-countries differences in sleep quality. The frequency of poor sleep quality and subclinical-to-clinical insomnia were higher among Asian (AsiS) and African students (AfS) compared with American (AmS) and European students (EuS) (p < 0.05). Asian students had a greater frequency of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) compared with those from other continents (p < 0.05). Females showed higher mean ISI scores (p < 0.001) as well as a greater frequency of poor sleep quality (p < 0.05), subclinical-to-clinical insomnia (p < 0.05), and EDS (p < 0.05) compared with males. Insufficient sleep duration was more frequent in older-aged groups (i.e., 26–30, 31–35, and > 36 years) compared with the ≤ 20 years age group (p < 0.05). Excessive daytime sleepiness was more frequent in younger age groups (i.e., ≤ 20 and 21–25 years) versus the > 36 years (p < 0.05) group. There were no significant differences in the frequency of various degrees of insomnia across age groups. Conclusion Our results suggest the need for tailored interventions for addressing sleep disturbances among college students of all age groups, with a specific focus on AsiS and AfS, as well as female students.

Sleep quality in functional dyspepsia patients: A cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.

Objective: To determine sleep quality among functional dyspepsia (FD) patients presenting to gastroenterology out-patient clinic in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Gastroenterology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Period: March 2022 to December 2023. Methods: FD diagnosis was established in view of ROME-IV criteria. Sleep quality was evaluated using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PSQI scoring tool. A global score of 5 or more indicates poor sleep quality. Binary logistic regression was applied and odds ratio with 95% confidence level were figured out to assess relationship of patients' profile with FD. Results: In a total of 240 patients, the mean age was 37.3±6.5 years. There were 122 (50.8%) male patients. The most common dyspeptic feature was postprandial fullness (60.4%) followed by early satiety epigastric pain (50%) and epigastric burning (39.6%). Mean PSQI score was 14.7±3.5. Frequency of poor sleep quality among FD patients was 79.2%. None of the parameter was significantly associated with sleep quality except urban residence (p=0.005). Conclusion: Very high burden of poor sleep quality was found among FD patients. While most dyspeptic symptoms did not show a significant association with sleep quality, urban residence emerged as a notable factor.

ALARMING PREVALENCE OF POOR SLEEP AND ANXIETY IN MEDICAL STUDENTS

Objective: Anxiety and sleep disorders have been reported to be common in medical students. This study aimed to determine the frequency of poor sleep quality and anxiety symptoms in medical students. Moreover, to reveal the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle data, perceptions of professional future, academic performance with anxiety, and sleep quality. Material and Methods: A total of 225 participants enrolled in the first through fifth years of education in Kafkas University’s Faculty of Medicine in the 2022-23 academic year participated in the study. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire encompassed sociodemographic data, lifestyle information that may affect sleep, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Statistical analyses were performed with R Statistical Software (v4.2.2; R Core Team 2022). Results: It was found that 76% of the participants had poor sleep quality according to the PSQI, while 31.56% of the participants had GAD-7 scores of 10 or above. There was a relationship between the poor sleep quality and anxiety of the participants (p

Depression Symptoms Amongst Older Brazilian and Chinese Women Submitted to Different Social Distancing Measures Rigidness During COVID-19 Outbreak.

It is plausible that depression symptoms and disrupting sleep quality were differently affected according to the rigidity of social distancing during the COVID-19 outbreak. To describe and compare depression symptoms and sleep quality amongst older Brazilian and Chinese women who were submitted to different social distancing measures (less rigid (Brazil) versus more rigid (China)). This observational cross-sectional study assessed urban older women who underwent home confinement with less (Brazil; n=1015) or more (China; n=644) rigidity. Socio-demographic correlates, general health information, depression symptoms [Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS- 15)], and sleep quality [Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)] were assessed through interviews. 1659 older women (66.74 ± 5.48 years old; 38.8% Chinese; 61.2% Brazilian) were included for analysis. 22% of Brazilians and 19.6% of Chinese women presented depression symptoms. The frequency of bad sleepers was 56.4% and 37.7% amongst Brazilian and Chinese older women, respectively. After adjusting for socio-demographic variables, general health status, and PSQI global score, Chinese women had a significantly higher score of depression symptoms (3.88 ± 0.13) compared to the Brazilians (3.26 ± 0.10; p < 0.001). The frequency of poor sleep quality was very high regardless of the country. After adjusting for confounders and sleep quality, older Chinese women had a significantly superior score of depression symptoms exacerbating psychological distress by confinement rigidness.

Frequency of poor sleep quality and its potential variables correlation in Thai epilepsy patients

Frequency of poor sleep quality and its potential variables correlation in Thai epilepsy patients

QOL-17. SLEEP QUALITY DIMENSIONS IN LOW AND HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA SURVIVORS

Abstract In this study, we examined the relationship between sleep disturbance and tumor grades in a group of low-grade (LGG; grade I-II) and high-grade glioma (HGG; grade III-IV) survivors &amp;lt; 1 to 10+ years from initial diagnosis. 42 glioma survivors completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). We examined frequency of poor sleep quality (defined as PSQI &amp;gt;5) and compared global PSQI between LGG and HGG groups. We obtained high-resolution T1 weighted images from a subset of 24 patients for gray matter volume analyses. The sample was predominantly male (66%) and Caucasian (82%). Of the 42 participants, 31% (n = 13) had LGG and 69% (n = 29) had HGG. 60% (n = 25) of all participants had poor sleep quality, with no differences observed between LGG and HGG. There were no differences between groups in age, education, measures of depression and anxiety, or general health-related quality of life (MOS SF-36). A Mann-Whitney U test indicated that there was no significant difference in global PSQI scores between LGG (Mdn = 4) and HGG groups (Mdn = 6), U = 239, p = .254. Sleep quality was not associated with time since diagnosis for either LGG (r = .108, p = .724) and HGG groups (r=-.058, p = .762). Whole brain vertex-wise comparison revealed smaller gray matter volumes in patients with poor sleep quality versus good sleep quality in the isthmus cingulate, cuneus, and precuneus of the left hemisphere (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Our analyses suggest that sleep quality is important to assess in glioma survivors of any grade and at any time since diagnosis. Poor sleep in glioma survivorship could be associated with structural differences in brain regions sensitive to sleep problems in other populations. Given the high rate of sleep disturbance, further study is warranted to better understand risk and develop targeted interventions.

The effect of workplace bullying and self-efficacy on emotional distress among hospital nurses.

This study intended to explore the workplace bullying, self-efficacy and emotional distress of the nursing staff and determine the predictors of nursing staff's emotional distress. Cross-sectional and correlation designs were used, collecting data including socio-demographic data, workplace bullying, self-efficacy and emotional distress scales. Results showed that the frequency of poor sleep quality in the recent 2weeks, working in the intensive care centre or emergency room, high workplace bullying and low self-efficacy were the main predictors of emotional distress in nursing staff. Nursing supervisors are advised to design suitable shift schemes to allow adequate time for nurses to maintain proper rest and develop a safety notification system to give bullied victims the assurance of safety. The design and implementation of the programs are encouraged to improve self-efficacy among nurses by strengthening the training of social skills, improving employees' communication skills and their relationships with other employees.

Comparison of Sleep Quality in Kidney Transplant Recipients vs. Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Objective: Determining sleep quality in hemodialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients can provide valuable clinical information for planning treatment and care in this group of patients. Thus, we compared sleep quality between hemodialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 transplant patients and 60 hemodialysis patients were selected using convenience sampling method. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) with 89% validity and 86% reliability was used to assess patients' sleep quality.&#x0D; Results: The mean PSQI score was higher in the hemodialysis group (7.78) than the kidney transplantation group (6.15). This indicates that the sleep quality in hemodialysis patients is worse than in patients after kidney transplantation (P = 0.028). The frequency of poor sleep quality in hemodialysis patients was higher than in kidney transplant patients [50(83.3%) vs. 37(61.7%)].&#x0D; Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that kidney transplant recipients have better sleep quality than hemodialysis patients.

Psychological and sleep disturbances among first-line, second-line, and at home medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai, China.

Medical workers are prone to psychological and sleep disturbances during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Little is known about the varying degrees of influence among vaccinated medical staff working in different positions. The current study is aimed to evaluate and compare depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances among first-line, second-line and at home vaccinated medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai, China. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in May 2022. In addition to demographic data, levels of depression, anxiety, sleep quality, and insomnia were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). A total of 236 vaccinated medical workers completed the questionnaires, including 85 first-line medical staff (FMS), 82 second-line medical staff (SMS) and 69 at home medical staff (HMS). The proportions of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, poor sleep quality, and insomnia were 52.1, 44.1, 55.9, and 49.2%, respectively. Compared with HMS, medical staff at work (FMS and SMS) got significantly higher frequency of poor sleep quality (both p < 0.001), insomnia (both p < 0.001), depressive (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively) and anxiety symptoms (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Compared with SMS, FMS were more likely to have poor sleep quality (p = 0.020). Besides, nurses got significantly higher percentage of poor sleep quality (OR = 1.352, p = 0.016) and insomnia (OR = 1.243, p = 0.041) than doctors. Whereas, the proportion of anxiety symptoms was increased in females than in males (OR = 2.772, p = 0.008). Psychological and sleep disturbances are common among medical staff at work during the COVID-19 pandemic. More psychological intervention should be administrated for FMS, especially for nurses.

Investigating sleep quality and related factors of postoperative patients at Tay Nguyen Regional General Hospital, Dak Lak Province, Vietnam

As we know, sleep is very important and necessary for every person. Especially, among patients undergoing surgery as an effective form of treatment, they also need a good quality of sleep to restore both physiological and psychological health. However, poor sleep quality is common in patients after surgery and produces harmful effects on postoperative recovery. This study was conducted to investigate the quality of sleep and identify related factors among postoperative patients at the Department of General Surgery, Tay Nguyen Regional General Hospital, Dak Lak Province. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. 374 postoperative patients who meet the sampling criteria were recruited by simple random sampling between March and July 2021. General information data were collected through interviews with structured questionnaires, and the patient’s sleep quality was assessed by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Vietnamese version. Data analysis was performed via SPSS ver 20.0; p &lt; 0.05 was statistically significant. The average mean of PSQI score was 10.3 ± 3.27 (range = 0 -21, SD = 3.27). The percentage of postoperative patients who had poor sleep quality was 78.1%. Factors associated with poor sleep quality include old age (p &lt; 0.01), education level (p &lt; 0.05), level of postoperative pain (p &lt; 0.001). The frequency of poor sleep quality among postoperative patients is high. The findings of this study also provide a better understanding of related factors that affect poor sleep quality. So, the nurses should develop an appropriate care plan to improve sleep quality in these patients by controlling the above factors. It will help these patients recover fastest and most comprehensively in the postoperative period, enhancing the quality of care.

The Oneiric Activity during and after the COVID-19 Total Lockdown in Italy: A Longitudinal Study.

A growing body of evidence highlights that the COVID-19 pandemic affected oneiric activity. However, only a few studies have assessed the longitudinal changes in dream phenomenology during different phases of the pandemic, often focused on a limited number of dream variables. The aim of the present study was to provide an exhaustive assessment of dream features during total lockdown (TL) and a post-lockdown (PL) period characterized by eased restrictive measures in Italy. We performed a longitudinal study using a web-based survey to collect demographic, COVID-19 related, clinical, sleep, and dream data at TL and PL. Our final sample included 108 participants. The high frequency of poor sleep quality, anxiety, and depressive symptoms observed during TL remained stable at PL, while sleep latency (t = −4.09; p < 0.001) and PTSD-related disruptive nocturnal behaviors (t = −5.68; p < 0.001) exhibited a reduction at PL. A PL decrease in time spent with digital media was observed (t = −2.77; p = 0.007). We found a strong PL reduction in dream frequency (t = −5.49; p < 0.001), emotional load (t = −2.71; p = 0.008), vividness (t = −4.90; p < 0.001), bizarreness (t = −4.05; p < 0.001), length (t = −4.67; p < 0.001), and lucid dream frequency (t = −2.40; p = 0.018). Fear was the most frequently reported emotion in dreams at TL (26.9%) and PL (22.2%). Only the frequency of specific lockdown-related dream contents exhibited a reduction at PL. These findings highlight that the end of the home confinement had a strong impact on the oneiric activity, in the direction of reduced dream frequency, intensity, and lockdown-related contents. The co-occurrence of such changes with a decline in nocturnal PTSD-related symptoms, sleep latency, and time with digital media suggests an influence of post-traumatic stress levels, lifestyle modifications, and sleep pattern on dream changes during different phases of the pandemic. The stable prevalence of fear in dreams and the large frequency of poor sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and anxiety are probably related to the persistence of many negative consequences of the pandemic. Overall, these results are consistent with the continuity hypothesis of dreams.

Sleep quality in people with type 2 diabetes controlled at the primary level and its association with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics

Type 2 diabetes (DM2) is one of the diseases that cause the highest premature mortality and disability worldwide. Sleep disturbances have been associated with the onset of metabolic disorders and increased levels of glycated haemoglobin in diabetics. ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of sleep of people with type 2 diabetes and its association with sociodemographic, clinical, and metabolic characteristics. MethodsObservational, cross-sectional, analytical study of 223 patients with DM2 between 20 and 64 years old, controlled in a primary health care centre in Chile. ResultsMost were women (66.4%), average age 54.7 years. Only 33% slept the required number of hours (7–9 h) to maintain health. Fifty-seven point seven percent were metabolically unbalanced (Hb1Ac > 7%). Seventy-five point two percent presented sleep problems of varying severity, which were associated with being a woman, night pain, nocturia, time of diagnosis of diabetes, and depressive symptoms. Persons with poor sleep quality were 73% more likely to be metabolically decompensated, however, this result was not statistically significant: OR = 1.73 (CI: 78–3.87). ConclusionsThe high frequency of poor sleep quality and metabolic decompensation in the sample stands out, which could complicate DM2. The association between poor sleep quality and DM2 decompensation is inconclusive. Future research will contribute to elucidating the role of sleep in metabolic compensation and in the prevention of metabolic disorders.

The Effect of Sleep Quality on Pain in Chilean Individuals with Musculoskeletal Disorders.

Poor sleep quality (SQ) negatively affects pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). As the level of economic development of a country determines its sanitary conditions, these can influence the sleep–pain relationship; therefore, it is relevant to generate evidence in the population with MSD in developing countries. This cross-sectional study sought to determine the effect of poor SQ on pain in Chilean individuals with MSD, controlling for sex and duration of pain (in months). Method: A total of 228 individuals were included. SQ was measured with the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), pain (intensity, interference and distress relative to pain) was measured with visual analog scales. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to analyze the effect of SQ on pain. Results: A high frequency of poor SQ was present in the studied group, and was more prevalent in women. The SEM model evidenced that poor SQ predicts greater pain. Sex influences sleep quality and pain, but not pain duration. Conclusions: These findings indicate that poor SQ predicts higher pain in MSD and that women exhibit worse SQ and more significant pain than men. Our findings support that SQ should be considered in the comprehensive approach to pain in individuals with MSD.

Pre-sleep arousal and sleep quality during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy

ObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic has strongly affected daily habits and psychological wellbeing, and many studies point to large modifications in several sleep and sleep-related domains. Nevertheless, pre-sleep arousal during the pandemic has been substantially overlooked. Since hyperarousal represents one of the main factors for the development and the perpetuation of chronic insomnia disorder, the assessment of variables associated with high levels of pre-sleep arousal during the pandemic is clinically relevant. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of perceived sleep quality and pre-sleep arousal in an Italian sample during the COVID-19 lockdown. MethodsWe used an online survey to collect self-reported sociodemographic, environmental, clinical, sleep, and sleep-related data. Our final sample included 761 participants. ResultsBeyond a high frequency of poor sleep quality, depressive and stress symptoms, our results show that almost half of the sample suffered from clinically relevant levels of at least one component (ie, cognitive, somatic) of pre-sleep arousal. Subjects with greater pre-sleep arousal exhibited poorer sleep quality. Also, sleep quality was strongly associated with somatic and cognitive pre-sleep arousal. Regarding the predictors of sleep and sleep-related measures, depressive and event-related stress symptoms were the main factors associated with both poor sleep quality and pre-sleep arousal components. Moreover, specific sociodemographic and environmental variables were uniquely related to sleep quality, cognitive or somatic pre-sleep arousal. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the assessment of specific sleep-related factors (ie, pre-sleep arousal), together with more global measures of sleep quality, may be crucial to depict the complex impact of the pandemic on sleep, and to help prevent and counteract the spread of insomnia symptoms.

Workplace bullying, personality traits and health among hospital nurses: The mediating effect of social support.

This study aimed to explore the status of nursing staff's workplace bullying, personality traits, social support and mental health, to find out the predictors of nursing staff's health, and to explore whether social support is a mediator to regulate the impact of workplace bullying on mental health. Bullying could cause physical and psychological problems, and nursing workplace bullying causes not only health problems of nursing staff but also patient safety problems. "Workplace bullying" is a worthy topic to pay attention to. Only limited studies could be discovered about the mediating effects between workplace bullying and health. Cross-sectional and correlation designs were used. The STROBE was used as a checklist for this study. The results showed that the frequency of poor sleep quality ≥3days in recent 2weeks (p<.001), external control personality traits (p=.016), workplace bullying (p<.001) and less social support (p=.001) were the main predictors of the health problems among nurses, and social support was the mediator between workplace bullying and health problems. It is recommended that hospital managers should apply regular sleep-wake schedule by designing a biological clock-compliant shift in order to promote good sleep hygiene of the nurses. Providing educational programmes and building up policies to decrease workplace bullying and increase social supports are suggested. Hospital managers should provide education and training related to the prevention of bullying and establish communication and consultation channels for the bullied. Nursing managers should also educate nurses to establish effective social networks with family, friends and colleagues to prevent health problems.

Frequency of Poor Sleep Quality and Related Factors in Geriatric Patients

Frequency of Poor Sleep Quality and Related Factors in Geriatric Patients

Impact of Sleep Duration and Quality on the Burden of Diabetes Among Urban and Rural Community Dwellers in Cameroon

<i>Background</i>: Sleep disorders are known to be linked with numerous cardiovascular comorbidities including type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence and impact of sleep quality and duration on diabetes in the Cameroonian population is not well established. This study evaluates the isolated and combined contribution of two aspects of sleep (duration and quality) on glucose homeostasis in an urban and rural Cameroonian population. <i>Methods</i>: This was a cross-sectional prospective survey conducted among 249 rural and 250 urban community dwellers in Cameroon aged ≥18 years. Self-reported sleep duration (SD) and quality were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Poor sleep quality was considered for PSQI score>5 and short SD was considered≤ 6h. Diabetes was considered for fasting blood glucose>126mg/d Land/or use of glucose-lowering medications. <i>Results</i>: Mean age was 36±12 years, and men accounted for 39.1%. Frequency of poor sleep quality was 50.3% and was similar in urban and rural groups (48.2% vs 52.4% respectively, p=0.395). Short SD was present in 30.5% of subjects and was more frequent among urban dwellers (36.1% vs 24.8% in rural, p=0.006, respectively). Short SD was significantly associated with diabetes (OR 2.62, 95%CI 1.38-5.00). Although the frequency of diabetes was higher in participants with poor sleep quality compared to those with PSQI ≤5 (10% vs 6.5%, respectively), the observed difference was not significant (p>0.05). The combination of poor sleep quality and short SD was strongly associated with diabetes (OR 2.67, 95%CI 1.23-5.79). <i>Conclusion</i>: This survey demonstrates a significant association between short sleep duration as well as the combination of short sleep duration and poor sleep quality with type 2 diabetes prevalence. It is appropriate to consider sleep quality and duration as potentially modifiable variables associated with the presence or management of diabetes in these Cameroonian populations.

Poor Sleep quality and health-related quality of life impact in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions during COVID-19 quarantine

OBJECTIVE:To assess the possible factors that influence sleep quality in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions quarantined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.METHODS:This cross-sectional study included 305 adolescents with chronic immunocompromised conditions and 82 healthy adolescents. Online surveys were completed, which included questions on socio-demographic data and self-rated healthcare routine during COVID-19 quarantine and the following validated questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL4.0), and Pediatric Outcome Data Collection Instrument (PODCI).RESULTS:The median current age [14 (10-18) vs. 15 (10-18) years, p=0.847] and frequency of female sex (62% vs. 58%, p=0.571) were similar in adolescents with chronic conditions compared with healthy adolescents. The frequency of poor sleep quality was similar in both groups (38% vs. 48%, p=0.118). Logistic regression analysis, including both healthy adolescents and adolescents with chronic conditions (n=387), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (odds ratio [OR] 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-6.8; p=0.008) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2-3.5; p=0.008) were independently associated with poor sleep quality in these adolescents. However, the PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for poor sleep quality (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94-0.99; p=0.001). Further logistic regression, including only adolescents with chronic conditions (n=305), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.4-6.8; p=0.006) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.4; p=0.011) remained independently associated with poor quality of sleep, whereas a lower PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for sleep quality (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94-0.98; p<0.001).CONCLUSION:Self-reported increases in screen time and intrafamilial violence report impacted sleep quality in both healthy adolescents and those with chronic conditions. Decreased health-related quality of life was observed in adolescents with poor sleep quality.

FREQUENCY AND CORRELATES OF POOR SLEEP QUALITY AMONG PATIENTS OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Objective: To determine the frequency of poor sleep quality among the patients of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and analyze its relationship with the socio-demographic factors.Study Design: Correlational study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan 2019 to Jun 2019.&#x0D; Methodology: One hundred and fifty patients of Parkinson’s disease were approached to participate in this study. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was the psychometric tool used to assess the study parameter for the patients. Age, gender, duration of illness, poly pharmacy and tobacco smoking were corelated with presence of poor quality of sleep among the patients of Parkinson’s disease.&#x0D; Results: Out of 150 patients of Parkinson’s disease screened through Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 85 (56.7%)showed the presence of poor sleep quality while 65 (43.3%) had good sleep quality. Mean age of the patients was 66.2 ± 4.648 years. After applying the logistic regression, we found that increasing age and longer duration of illness had significant association with the presence of poor sleep quality among the patients of Parkinson disease.&#x0D; Conclusion: Previously considered a pure motor disorder, Parkinsonism has a lot of other neuro-psychiatricmanifestations as well. Poor sleep quality turned out to be one of these non-motor problems associated with this chronic debilitating illness. Increasing age and longer duration of illness among these patients emerged asindependent risk factors for poor sleep quality in Parkinsonism.

Sleep Quality in Pamukkale University Students and its relationship with smartphone addiction.

Objective:Research shows that poor sleep quality and smartphone addiction are common problems among university students. This study was planned to evaluate the quality of sleep in students at Pamukkale University and to investigate its relationship with smartphone addiction.Methods:This cross-sectional study was carried out at the university campus in 2017-2018. Its dependent variable was low sleep quality. Independent variables were smartphone addiction, features related to smartphone addiction, socio-demographic features and other questioned features. The total number of students attending normal education in seven faculties and two colleges for four years was 20862. The minimum sample size of the study was calculated as 1088. Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used. The data were analyzed with the SPSS program.Results:The mean age was of the participants 21.39 ± 2.21. The sleep quality of students with a PSQI total score of more than five was defined as ‘poor’. The frequency of poor sleep quality was 52.4%. The frequency of smartphone addiction was 34.6% according to the SAS-SV scale. It was found that the frequency of poor sleep quality was significantly higher in students with smartphone addiction compared to others.Conclusion:Smartphone addiction was found as one of the risk factors for poor sleep quality.