Peak Power Frequency Research Articles

Knee muscle strength and steadiness for individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and knee osteoarthritis

BackgroundStrength and neuromuscular decrements following knee musculoskeletal injury may accelerate knee osteoarthritis development. This study assessed isometric knee extensor and flexor strength and steadiness between individuals with knee injury, i.e., ligament reconstruction, and knee osteoarthritis to healthy age-matched controls. MethodsFour cohorts (1: knee injury and 2: age-matched controls, and 3: radiographic knee osteoarthritis and 4: age-matched controls) were recruited. Participants performed maximal voluntary isometric knee extensor and flexor contractions. Then, strength (e.g., peak and rate of torque development) and steadiness (e.g., peak power, mean, and median frequency) were derived from each raw torque-time curve and associated power spectral density. A Kruskal-Wallis H test and Spearman's rho correlation analysis assessed cohort differences and association between knee extensor and flexor strength and steadiness. FindingsThe young adult control and knee injury cohorts exhibited greater knee extensor and flexor strength than the older, knee osteoarthritis cohort (p < 0.043). The knee injury cohort, despite being as strong as their healthy counterparts, were significantly less steady with a 92% increase in peak power frequency (p = 0.046). The osteoarthritis cohort exhibited 157% less total power compared to the knee injury and young control cohorts (p < 0.019). Knee extensor and flexor peak torque, rate of torque development, and mean torque exhibit a significant, positive relation with total power (p < 0.018). InterpretationIndividuals with knee injury and disease may exhibit weaker or less steady knee musculature, predisposing them to degenerative joint disease. Clinicians may need to restore knee extensor and flexor steadiness to facilitate better joint neuromuscular control.

Characterizing coastal cod vocalization using a towed hydrophone array

Abstract To better understand spawning vocalizations of Norwegian coastal cod (Gadus morhua), a prototype eight-element coherent hydrophone array was deployed in stationary vertical and towed horizontal modes to monitor cod sounds during an experiment in spring 2019. Depth distribution of cod aggregations was monitored concurrently with an ultrasonic echosounder. Cod vocalizations recorded on the hydrophone array are analysed to provide time–frequency characteristics, and source level distribution after correcting for one-way transmission losses from cod locations to the hydrophone array. The recorded cod vocalization frequencies range from ∼20 to 600 Hz with a peak power frequency of ∼60 Hz, average duration of 300 ms, and mean source level of 163.5 ± 7.9 dB re 1 μPa at 1 m. Spatial dependence of received cod vocalization rates is estimated using hydrophone array measurements as the array is towed horizontally from deeper surrounding waters to shallow water inlet areas of the experimental site. The bathymetric-dependent probability of detection regions for cod vocalizations are quantified and are found to be significantly reduced in shallow-water areas of the inlet. We show that the towable hydrophone array deployed from a moving vessel is invaluable because it can survey cod vocalization activity at multiple locations, providing continuous spatial coverage that is complementary to fixed sensor systems that provide continuous temporal coverage at a given location.

Resting EEG power spectra across middle to late life: associations with age, cognition, APOE-ɛ4 carriage, and cardiometabolic burden

We investigated how resting electroencephalography (EEG) measures are associated with risk factors for late-life cognitive impairment and dementia, including age, apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APOE-ɛ4) carriage, and cardiometabolic burden. Resting EEG was recorded from 86 adults (50–80 years of age). Participants additionally completed the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE) III and had blood drawn to assess APOE-ɛ4 carriage status and cardiometabolic burden. EEG power spectra were decomposed into sources of periodic and aperiodic activity to derive measures of aperiodic component slope and alpha (7–14 Hz) and beta (15–30 Hz) peak power and peak frequency. Alpha and beta peak power measures were corrected for aperiodic activity. The aperiodic component slope was correlated with ACE-III scores but not age. Alpha peak frequency decreased with age. Individuals with higher cardiometabolic burden had lower alpha peak frequencies and lower beta peak power. APOE-ɛ4 carriers had lower beta peak frequencies. Our findings suggest that the slope of the aperiodic component of resting EEG power spectra is more closely associated with measures of cognitive performance rather than chronological age in older adults.

Simultaneous broadband vibration isolation and energy harvesting at low frequencies with quasi-zero stiffness and nonlinear monostability

Vibration, as one of the most ubiquitous phenomena, would be a sustainable energy harvesting source to power wireless sensor nodes. However, vibration may be undesirable with detrimental effects such as damage to buildings, discomfort to passengers, etc. So far, the simultaneous broadband energy harvesting and vibration isolation at low frequencies between 0 and 15 Hz is still an open issue. Motivated by this, we propose a novel device with a quasi-zero-stiffness (QZS) support through cam–roller–spring mechanism (CRSM) and multiple nonlinear monostable piezoelectric energy harvesters. A semi-analytical electromechanical model considering AC/DC circuits is developed and validated. Simulation results show that when the high-energy branches of the proposed device with six nonlinear monostable harvesters are triggered, the peak power and energy harvesting frequency bandwidths are respectively increased by up to 69.29% and 1.22 times compared with those of its counterpart with linear harvesters. Furthermore, these are achieved at frequencies lower than 15 Hz without the sacrifice of low force transmissibility and isolation frequencies. Parametric studies indicate that except for the harvester damping, no matter how other parameters change, the superiority of the proposed device exists compared with its linear counterpart. It can be potentially used in building a smart floor tile with dual functions of energy harvesting to power wireless sensor nodes for footfall tracking or light-emitting diodes, and vibration isolation to enhance pedestrian comfort and safety.

PbSe Nanosheets for High‐Performance Harmonic Mode Locking

AbstractAs a new emerging semiconductor with interlayer bandgap, lead selenide (PbSe) have broad prospects in the fields of electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, infrared optoelectronic devices, optoelectronics, and ultrafast photonics. Among them, ultrafast photonics is receiving a lot of attention due to its ultrashort pulse, strong peak power, narrow bandwidth, and high repetition frequency. Herein, the properties are systematically studied of PbSe through various characterization methods. The modulation depth of PbSe is up to 30%, and its saturation light intensity is 7.86 MW cm−2. Using the evanescent field effect, nonlinear fiber‐based photonics devices has been successfully prepared based on the PbSe nanosheet solution, which can increase the bearable pump power. The 36th picosecond harmonic mode‐locked soliton molecule is generated in the erbium‐doped fiber laser, which corresponds to a maximum repetition frequency of 222 MHz. The results show that the signal‐to‐noise ratio can reach up to 49.1 dB which is higher than most previous works by now. The results revealed the potential of PbSe as an excellent photonics material in applications such as nonlinear optics, ultrafast photonics equipment, photoconductive detectors, and light modulators.

The associations of knee extensor muscle steadiness with maximal voluntary torque and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis

BackgroundMuscle weakness is characteristic of knee osteoarthritis. Muscle steadiness may be an important adjunct to knee muscle strength in improving physical function in knee osteoarthritis. However, the role of muscle steadiness is uncertain. AimsTo determine the associations of knee extensor muscle steadiness with maximal voluntary torque and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. MethodsBaseline data from 177 patients in a randomized clinical trial were used. Isokinetic knee extension torque was processed into maximal voluntary torque [Nm]. Muscle steadiness was expressed as the coefficient of variance [%] and as peak power frequency [Hz]. Physical function was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, the Get-Up-and-Go and Stair-climb tests. Associations were determined using regression analyses and adjusted for confounders. FindingsLower muscle steadiness (i.e., higher coefficient of variance and peak power frequency) was associated with lower maximal voluntary torque (B = − 7.38, [−10.8, −3.95], R2 = 0.10 and B = −14.71, [−28.29, −1.13], R2 = 0.03, respectively). Higher coefficient of variance was associated with lower self-reported physical function (B = 1.14, [0.11,2.17], R2 = 0.03) and remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders. Peak power frequency was not associated with physical function. InterpretationLow muscle steadiness was weakly associated with low muscle strength and poorer self-reported physical function. Muscle steadiness and muscle strength seem to be different attributes of muscle function. There is no convincing evidence that muscle steadiness is an important adjunct in studying physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Age-related differences in the quantitative analysis of the finger tapping task.

BACKGROUND: Quantitative measures of the finger tapping task is important for objective assessment of bradykinesia. However, age-related changes in quantitative measures are still unclear.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate age-related group differences in finger tapping performance.METHODS: Eighty-three healthy normal subjects with age ranging from aged 20 to 89 years participated in this study. All subjects were instructed to tap their index finger and thumbs as rapidly as possible and with as large amplitude as possible. Angular velocity of the finger tapping movement was measured using a gyrosensor. Quantitative variables include root mean squared (RMS) angular velocity, RMS angular displacement, peak power and peak frequency derived from angular velocity signals.RESULTS: Significant age-related differences were observed in RMS angular velocity, peak power and peak frequency ( 0.001). Specifically, the oldest age group had the slowest average speed, the lowest peak power and peak frequency. These results indicate deterioration in finger speed, intensity of the main movement component and tapping frequency due to aging.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the quantitative variables should be adjusted for age when clinicians assess Parkinsonian bradykinesia. The results contribute to the development of an accurate and quantitative assessment tool for bradykinesia.

Prediction of Myoelectric Biomarkers in Post-Stroke Gait.

Electromyography (EMG) is sensitive to neuromuscular changes resulting from ischemic stroke and is considered a potential predictive tool of post-stroke gait and rehabilitation management. This study aimed to evaluate the potential myoelectric biomarkers for the classification of stroke-impaired muscular activity of the stroke patient group and the muscular activity of the control healthy adult group. We also proposed an EMG-based gait monitoring system consisting of a portable EMG device, cloud-based data processing, data analytics, and a health advisor service. This system was investigated with 48 stroke patients (mean age 70.6 years, 65% male) admitted into the emergency unit of a hospital and 75 healthy elderly volunteers (mean age 76.3 years, 32% male). EMG was recorded during walking using the portable device at two muscle positions: the bicep femoris muscle and the lateral gastrocnemius muscle of both lower limbs. The statistical result showed that the mean power frequency (MNF), median power frequency (MDF), peak power frequency (PKF), and mean power (MNP) of the stroke group differed significantly from those of the healthy control group. In the machine learning analysis, the neural network model showed the highest classification performance (precision: 88%, specificity: 89%, accuracy: 80%) using the training dataset and highest classification performance (precision: 72%, specificity: 74%, accuracy: 65%) using the testing dataset. This study will be helpful to understand stroke-impaired gait changes and decide post-stroke rehabilitation.

Modulated High Power and Narrow Pulse Width Laser Drive Circuit for Lidar System

This manuscript introduces a laser drive circuit for a light detection and ranging (Lidar) system. A Lidar system usually requires its drive circuit to provide laser pulses with nanosecond pulse width, &gt;100 W peak power and high repetition frequency. However, the existing research results show difficulties in meeting these requirements. In order to reduce the pulse width and increase the peak power of laser pulses, special circuit design and component selection are used to optimize the parasitic parameters of the drive circuit, and GaN devices are used to increase the switching speed. The characteristics of laser pulses are tested under different input voltage, pulse per second and switch conducting time. Meanwhile, the reasons for the changes in these characteristics are analyzed and explained. In order to meet the requirements of the Lidar system to detect targets at different distances, a modulation method to change the peak power of the laser pulse is proposed. In our experiment, ideally, the peak power of the laser pulse reaches 135 W, and the pulse width is less than 2 ns at a pulse per second rate of 400 kHz.

Parametric Analysis of Laser Beam Percussion Drilling for Thin Titanium Alloy Sheet Using Yb: Yag Fiber Laser

Laser beam percussion drilling (LBPD) can create high density holes in aerospace materials with the repeated application of laser pulses at a single spot. In this study, one-parameter-at-a-time approach has been used to investigate the individual effect of peak power, pulse width and pulse frequency on geometrical accuracy and metallurgical distortion during LBPD of 0.85[Formula: see text]mm thick Ti–6Al–4V sheet using 200[Formula: see text]W Yb:YAG fiber laser. It has been found that the output parameters behave differently at the higher and lower values of a particular input process. The increase of pulse width from 1 to 1.50[Formula: see text]ms increases hole taper by 20% whereas the same corresponding change from 1.50 to 2.00[Formula: see text]ms reduces the taper by 20%. The increase of pulse frequency from 10 to 50[Formula: see text]Hz reduces hole circularity by 40% but the same proportionate change from 50 to 90[Formula: see text]Hz reduces circularity by 79%. Increase of peak power from 1.70 to 2.0[Formula: see text]kW increases hole taper by 8% but the corresponding increase from 2 to 2.30[Formula: see text]kW is 143%.

Detection of slags in structural steel sample using InfraRed thermal wave imaging

The estimation of defects in any material is a critical problem in the domain of InfraRed thermography (IRT). The paper presents simulation aspects of three-dimensional heat transfer model for a finite thickness structural steel sample having six different slag inclusions using a low peak power frequency modulated thermal wave imaging (FMTWI) and its digital counterpart digitized frequency modulated thermal wave imaging (DFMTWI) technique. The sample surface is subjected to proposed thermal heat flux and defect analysis was carried out by studying the thermal gradient over the test sample surface. Further, time domain pulse compression approach allowing better defect depth analysis has been discussed to evaluate the correlation coefficients and time delays for the proposed approaches. Results show better performance of the DFMTWI approach with high correlation coefficient values for all the defects with low time delays than the FMTWI approach.

THU0634-HPR KNEE EXTENSOR MUSCLE STEADINESS IN RELATION TO MAXIMAL TORQUE AND PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

Background:Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is characterized by knee pain and limitations in daily activities. Muscle weakness is associated with these characteristics, quantified as maximal voluntary muscle torque (MVT). The quality of muscle contraction is presented by fluctuations observed on a torque-time curve and the extent of these fluctuations is referred to as muscle steadiness. Whether muscle steadiness is associated with maximal muscle torque and consequently with pain and activity limitations is unknown.Objectives:To determine the association of knee extensor muscle steadiness with MVT and to explore the association of muscle steadiness with physical functioning in subjects with knee OA.Methods:Baseline data of 172 patients out of 177 patients with knee OA, who participated in the VIDEX trial (trial registration number, NL47786.048.14), were used for this study. Maximal voluntary knee extension torque (MVT) was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. Torque-time curve data were processed into (i) coefficient of magnitude of torque variance (CV) in percentage (%), (ii) frequency of torque variance as peak power frequency (PPF) in Hertz (Hz) and (iii) MVT in Newton meters (Nm). Physical functioning was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire, the Get-Up &amp; Go (GUG) test, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and the Stair climb up &amp; down test. Correlation and Regression analyses were performed to determine associations. Sex, age, BMI, KL-grade, knee alignment and pain were considered as potential confounders.Results:Lower CV and PPF, reflecting better muscle steadiness, were significantly associated (p&lt; 0.01 and p&lt;0.05, respectively) with higher MVT, but associations were weak. Regression analyses showed a significant association of lower CV with better physical functioning on the WOMAC (p&lt;0.05), also after correction for relevant confounders. The association with WOMAC was confounded by pain, but not by sex, age and BMI. No associations of CV with the GUG test, the 6MWT and the Stair climb up &amp; down test were found. PPF was not significantly associated with physical functioning.Conclusion:This is the first explorative study of muscle steadiness in relation to physical functioning in knee OA patients. Muscle steadiness is, to some extent, related to better physical functioning, but this is not consistent across all measures of physical functioning in this study. There seems to be some relationship, but it is weak and needs further exploration. No previous studies comparing clinical scores to muscle steadiness in knee OA were found to compare our results. Studies on muscle steadiness are needed to improve our understanding on this aspect of muscle torque.

Electromyography Biomarkers for Quantifying the Intraoperative Efficacy of Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Patients With Resting Tremor.

Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy for resting tremor in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, quick and objective biomarkers for quantifying the efficacy of DBS intraoperatively are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to study how DBS modulates the intraoperative neuromuscular pattern of resting tremor in PD patients and to find predictive surface electromyography (sEMG) biomarkers for quantifying the intraoperative efficacy of DBS.Methods: Intraoperative sEMG of 39 PD patients with resting tremor was measured with the DBS on and off, respectively, during the intraoperative DBS testing stage. Twelve signal features (time and frequency domains) were extracted from the intraoperative sEMG data. These sEMG features were associated with the clinical outcome to evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative DBS. Also, an sEMG-based prediction model was established to predict the clinical improvement rate (IR) of resting tremor with DBS therapy.Results: A typical resting tremor with a peak frequency of 4.93 ± 0.98 Hz (mean ± SD) was measured. Compared to the baseline, DBS modulated significant neuromuscular pattern changes in most features except for the peak frequency, by decreasing the motor unit firing rate, amplitude, or power and by changing the regularity pattern. Three sEMG features were detected with significant associations with the clinical improvement rate (IR) of the tremor scale: peak frequency power (R = 0.37, p = 0.03), weighted root mean square (R = 0.42, p = 0.01), and modified mean amplitude power (R = 0.48, p = 0.003). These were adopted to train a Gaussian process regression model with a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure. The prediction values from the trained sEMG prediction model (1,000 permutations, p = 0.003) showed a good correlation (r = 0.47, p = 0.0043) with the true IR of the tremor scale.Conclusion: DBS acutely modulated the intraoperative resting tremor, mainly by suppressing the amplitude and motor unit firing rate and by changing the regularity pattern, but not by modifying the frequency pattern. Three features showed strong robustness and could be used as quick intraoperative biomarkers to quantify and predict the efficacy of DBS in PD patients with resting tremor.

Fast-Convergence Self-Adjusting SECE Circuit With Tunable Short-Circuit Duration Exhibiting 368% Bandwidth Improvement

The harvesting frequency bandwidth (HBW) of a resonant-based electromechanical harvester is inherently limited by its quality factor. Electrical tuning of the resonant frequency leveraged by a significant electromechanical coupling is a promising approach to enhance the HBW and paves the way toward industrialization of robust vibration energy harvesting system. However, it remains challenging to design a self-powered harvesting IC that includes self-tuning capabilities, especially at low vibration amplitude. This letter describes the shorted synchronous electrical charge extraction (SSECE) strategy and proposes a dedicated self-powered integrated circuit, including power stage, sensors to sequence the harvesting phases, and power sensing. An on-chip tracker dynamically maximizes the harvesting power when the piezoelectric-based harvester characteristics or excitation frequency shifts. The experimental results show a 368% HBW enlargement with the highest convergence FoM (0.213) and the lowest power-peak frequency compared to the prior art.

Mode-locked pulse oscillation of a self-resonating enhancement optical cavity

A power enhancement optical cavity is a compelling means of realizing a pulsed laser with a high peak power and high repetition frequency, which is not feasible using a simple amplifier scheme. However, a precise feedback system is necessary for maintaining the narrow resonance condition of the optical cavity; this has become a major technical issue in developing such cavities. We have developed a new approach that does not require any active feedback system, by placing the cavity in the outer loop of a laser amplifier. We report on the first demonstration of a mode-locked pulse oscillation using the new system.

Data-driven cluster analysis of insomnia disorder with physiology-based qEEG variables

We propose a novel, data-driven method to group people with insomnia disorder into different subtypes (phenotypes) using cluster analysis of physiology-based spectral quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) variables, representing different brain activity. Motivated by previous work on insomnia disorder, we consider one group of qEEG variables extracted from non rapid-eye movement sleep stage 2 and 3. We apply the infinite feature selection and principal component analysis algorithms to select a small set of informative features from the two sleep stages, reducing the initial set of 54 variables to 2 linear combinations of 6 features. These features are then used to cluster the data with the variational Bayes Gaussian mixture model clustering algorithm. We found that people with insomnia can be successfully partitioned into three meaningful clusters: insomnia with low beta frequency of peak power, insomnia with high delta peak power and insomnia with low delta peak power. We analyse the results and discuss the distinct characteristics of each cluster. In addition, we found that the most informative features identified by our feature selection method were all from sleep stage 3. These features were the peak power in the delta band for the O1, F3 and C3 channels, and then the peak frequency in the beta band in the O1, F3 and C3 channels, which is consistent with previous insomnia studies. Our results are useful for improving the understanding of insomnia disorder, developing objective diagnostic measures and determining more personalised treatments.

Aberrant resting-state oscillatory brain activity in Parkinson's disease patients with visual hallucinations: An MEG source-space study.

To gain insight into possible underlying mechanism(s) of visual hallucinations (VH) in Parkinson's disease (PD), we explored changes in local oscillatory activity in different frequency bands with source-space magnetoencephalography (MEG). Eyes-closed resting-state MEG recordings were obtained from 20 PD patients with hallucinations (Hall+) and 20 PD patients without hallucinations (Hall-), matched for age, gender and disease severity. The Hall+ group was subdivided into 10 patients with VH only (unimodal Hall+) and 10 patients with multimodal hallucinations (multimodal Hall+). Subsequently, neuronal activity at source-level was reconstructed using an atlas-based beamforming approach resulting in source-space time series for 78 cortical and 12 subcortical regions of interest in the automated anatomical labeling (AAL) atlas. Peak frequency (PF) and relative power in six frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2, beta and gamma) were compared between Hall+ and Hall-, unimodal Hall+ and Hall-, multimodal Hall+ and Hall-, and unimodal Hall+ and multimodal Hall+ patients. PF and relative power per frequency band did not differ between Hall+ and Hall-, and multimodal Hall+ and Hall- patients. Compared to the Hall- group, unimodal Hall+ patients showed significantly higher relative power in the theta band (p = 0.005), and significantly lower relative power in the beta (p = 0.029) and gamma (p = 0.007) band, and lower PF (p = 0.011). Compared to the unimodal Hall+, multimodal Hall+ showed significantly higher PF (p = 0.007). In conclusion, a subset of PD patients with only VH showed slowing of MEG-based resting-state brain activity with an increase in theta activity, and a concomitant decrease in beta and gamma activity, which could indicate central cholinergic dysfunction as underlying mechanism of VH in PD. This signature was absent in PD patients with multimodal hallucinations.

Two-Port Network Theory-Based Design Method for Broadband Class J Doherty Amplifiers

This paper proposes a new methodology for designing wideband Class J Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs). The paper begins by presenting a network analysis that leads to a set of design equations to govern the synthesis of the combiner network parameters that satisfy Class J load requirements. The combiner network produces a complex-to-complex Doherty load modulation capable of avoiding potential transistor voltage clipping due to a mismatch between the fundamental and harmonic impedances. Consequently, this method improves the high power AM-AM characteristic and reduces the DPA's peak power variation versus frequency. A wideband Class J DPA was designed as a proof-of-concept demonstrator to operate from 2.7 GHz to 4.3 GHz. Under continuous wave stimuli, over the entire band, the measured AM-AM distortion in the Doherty region of the fabricated DPA was found to be lower than 1.2 dB with a relatively constant output power of 38.9 ± 0.3 dBm at saturation. Moreover, good drain efficiencies of about 42% and 54% were recorded at 6-dB output back-off and saturation powers, respectively. In addition, the linearizability of the fabricated DPA was confirmed under both intra- and inter-band carrier-aggregated signal stimuli. In fact, measurements using an 80 MHz inter-band carrier-aggregated signal revealed that the proposed DPA could deliver an adjacent channel leakage ratio of better than -48 dBc after digital pre-distortion with a good average drain efficiency of 45% - 49% over the entire band of interest.

Association between spectral characteristics of paraspinal muscles and functional disability in patients with low back pain: a cohort study

ObjectivesCharacteristics of muscle activity, represented by surface electromyography (EMG), have revealed differences between patients with low back pain (LBP) and healthy adults; how they relate to functional and clinical parameters...

Evaluating the Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Cerebral Palsy Children by Employing Electroencephalogram Signals.

Introduction:Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a new tool that has been employed to modulate the neuronal activity of brain by its excitatory and inhibitory property. In cerebral palsy (CP) learning of any new task is an extremely slow process due to damage in sensory and motor areas of brain affecting the cognitive ability of the child and putting constraints in achieving timely developmental milestones. For such patients the electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the most cost effective diagnostic tools used that minimizes hospital stay. Its analysis helps to identify various neurological disorders determining the role of brain waves outlining the present status of mind.Materials and Methods:This study evaluated the EEG power spectrum density (PSD) of CP children both pre and post rTMS intervention to identify significance changes in signal patterns arising from different brain regions. thirty CP children participated in this study. Fifteen individuals underwent repetitive TMS (rTMS) therapy for 20 session comprising of 10 Hz frequency for 5 days a week for 4 weeks and another fifteen individual participated in activities of daily living for 20 sessions where they were administered mandatory standard therapy only. pre- EEG versus post EEG data recorded and analyzed employing the standard montage configuration. PSD was extracted employing fast fourier transform post acquisition of artifact free signal to undermine changes in signal pattern.Discussion and Conclusion:The results revealed that rTMS improves learning ability in CP children and it shows higher power peak at frequency of 50 Hz and lower power peak frequency at 100 Hz. The power intensity in gamma wave region shows significant reduction post-rTMS therapy between 38-24 power peak frequency and 7-4 range in 100 Hz power peak frequency. In future, it will be used as effective tool as memory enhancers, especially for children with neurological disorders.