Frequency Of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Research Articles

Non-invasive duo positive airway pressure ventilation versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe most common cause of respiratory failure in premature infants is respiratory distress syndrome. Historically, respiratory distress syndrome has been treated by intratracheal surfactant injection followed by mechanical ventilation. In view of the risk of pulmonary injury associated with mechanical ventilation and subsequent chronic pulmonary lung disease, less invasive treatment modalities have been suggested to reduce pulmonary complications.Methods148 neonates (with gestational age of 28 to 34 weeks) with respiratory distress syndrome admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahwaz in 2018 were enrolled in this clinical trial study. 74 neonates were assigned to duo positive airway pressure (NDUOPAP) group and 74 neonates to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) group. The primary outcome in this study was failure of N-DUOPAP and NCPAP treatments within the first 72 h after birth and secondary outcomes included treatment complications.Resultsthere was not significant difference between DUOPAP (4.1 %) and NCPAP (8.1 %) in treatment failure at the first 72 h of birth (p = 0.494), but non-invasive ventilation time was less in the DUOPAP group (p = 0.004). There were not significant differences in the frequency of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), pneumothorax, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), apnea and mortality between the two groups. Need for repeated doses of surfactant (p = 0.042) in the NDUOPAP group was significantly lower than that of the NCPAP group. The duration of oxygen therapy in the NDUOPAP group was significantly lower than that of the NCPAP group (p = 0.034). Also, the duration of hospitalization in the NDUOPAP group was shorter than that of the NCPAP group (p = 0.002).ConclusionsIn the present study, DUOPAP compared to NCPAP did not reduce the need for mechanical ventilation during the first 72 h of birth, but the duration of non-invasive ventilation and oxygen demand, the need for multiple doses of surfactant and length of stay in the DUOPAP group were less than those in the CPAP group.Trial registrationIRCT20180821040847N1, Approved on 2018-09-10.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with the patency of ductus arteriosus in premature neonates: a prospective observational study from Iran

Background: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common problem in the preterm infants. The frequency of PDA varies with the time of study, and the characteristics of the population included in the trial.Aims and objective: To determine the prevalence and prenatal risk factor associated with PDA.Methods and material: This prospective cross-sectional observational study was carried out on neonates who had gestational age below 37 weeks during the period of February 2014 to September 2014. Echocardiography was done at 4–7 days of postnatal age. The association between prenatal risk factors of the infants and the PDA was studied.Results: From a total population of 200 enrolled infants 22.5% had PDA. The mean gestational age and birth weight were 32.1 ± 2.65 (weeks) and 1741 ± 622.85 (g), respectively. Maternal antepartum hemorrhage, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), need for surfactant, birth weights, female gender, gestational age, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min of the infants were found to be associated with the prevalence of PDA.Conclusion: Several prenatal factors make preterm newborns susceptible to PDA. These risk factors should be identified as soon as possible for early commencement of PDA management.

Chorioamnionitis and Chronic Lung Disease of Prematurity: A Path Analysis of Causality

Current evidence suggests that additional pathogenetic factors could play a role in the development of chronic lung disease of prematurity, other than mechanical ventilation and free radical injury. The introduction of the concept of "fetal inflammatory response syndrome" offers a new perspective on the pathogenesis of chronic lung disease of prematurity. New statistical approaches could be useful tools in evaluating causal relationships in the development of chronic morbidity in preterm infants. The aim of this study was to test a new statistical framework incorporating path analysis to evaluate causality between exposure to chorioamnionitis and fetal inflammatory response syndrome and the development of chronic lung disease of prematurity. We designed a prospective cohort study that included consecutively born premature infants less than 32 weeks of gestation whose placentas were collected for histological analysis. Histological chorioamnionitis, clinical data, and neonatal outcomes were related to chronic lung disease. Along with standard statistical methods, a path analysis was performed to test the relationship between histological chorioamnionitis, gestational age, mechanical ventilation, and development of chronic lung disease of prematurity. Among the newborns enrolled in the study, 69/189 (36%) had histological chorioamnionitis. Of those with histological chorioamnionitis, 28/69 (37%) were classified as having fetal inflammatory response syndrome, according to the presence of severe chorioamnionitis and funisitis. Histological chorioamnionitis was associated with a lower birth weight, shorter gestation, higher frequency of patent ductus arteriosus, greater use of surfactant, and higher frequency of chronic lung disease of prematurity. Severe chorioamnionitis and funisitis were significantly associated with lower birth weight, lower gestational age, lower Apgar score at 5 minutes, more frequent use of mechanical ventilatory support and surfactant, as well as higher frequency of patent ductus arteriosus and chronic lung disease. The results of the path analysis showed that fetal inflammatory response syndrome has a significant direct (0.66), indirect (0.11), and overall (0.77) effect on chronic lung disease. This study demonstrated a strong positive correlation between exposure of the fetus to a severe inflammatory response and the development of chronic lung disease of prematurity.

STUDY ON CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY DOPPLER OF PATENT DUCTUS ARTERISUS IN PREMATURE INFANTS AT PEDIATRIC DEPARTMENT OF HUE CENTRAL HOSPITAL

Background: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is common in premature infants, specific in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Frequency of PDA is inversely related to gestational age. This is a cause that can lead to death because of complications, especially premature neonates. Objective: To define the rate and clinical features of the patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants. Describe the morphological and hemodynamic changes of the heart in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus by echocardiography Doppler. Patients and methods: Included 159 premature infants are treated at the Pediatric Department of Hue Central Hospital from 5/2010 to 5/2011. All of them were performed clinical examination and echocardiography Doppler within 3 days after giving birth. Results: The patent ductus arteriosus detected by echocardiography in premature infants was 65.4%, especially extremely premature infants <28 weeks, birth weight <1000 grams. Clinical symptoms of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants is rapidly breathing seen in 81.7%, cardiac hyperactivity in 70.2%, strong second heart sound in 61.5%, rapid heart frequency in 41.3% and heart murmur is the least common in 10.6% of cases. Ultrasound result showed that 100% was left-right shunt. 76% of infants have ductus arteriosus diameter ≥2.0 mm, average size of the ductus arteriosus was 2.16 ± 0.66 mm. Index LA/Ao, LVDd and LVDS of infants having the patent ductus arteriosus were higher than the infants having closed ductus arteriosus with p<0.05. Conclusion: Patent ductus arteriosus have very high rate in premature infant. Clinical diagnosis is often difficult because only 7% of cases having heart murmur. Index LA/Ao, systolic and diastolic left ventricular size of infants having the patent ductus arteriosus are higher than the infants having closed ductus arteriosus

Mannose-Binding Lectin Gene Polymorphism and Early Neonatal Outcome in Preterm Infants

Background: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) as a component of innate immunity plays an important role in preterm infants in whom adaptive immunity is not sufficiently developed. Polymorphisms in immunoregulatory genes influence the response to infection and subsequent inflammation. Infection and inflammation have been implicated in the mechanisms responsible for many of the diseases in the preterm newborns. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between MBL gene polymorphism and early neonatal outcome in preterm infants. Methods: Codon 54 and 57 polymorphisms in MBL2 gene were genotyped in 99 preterm infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Ege University Children’s Hospital. Results: Overall frequencies of sepsis and early-onset sepsis were higher in the group of infants with MBL polymorphism when compared to infants with wild-type MBL genotype (p = 0.008, 0.009, respectively). Maximum Tollner sepsis score in the first 3 days of life was higher for the infants with variant MBL genotype (p = 0.0278). More infants in the variant MBL group had significant patent ductus arteriosus when compared to infants with wild-type MBL (27.8 vs. 9.5% respectively, p = 0.037). Conclusion: MBL gene polymorphism was associated with increased frequency of clinical sepsis particularly with early neonatal sepsis and also with higher Tollner sepsis scores and increased frequency of patent ductus arteriosus in infants. Overall mortality and incidence of culture proven sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia and necrotizing enterocolitis were not found to be related to MBL genotype.

Complacência pulmonar com uma hora de vida e displasia broncopulmonar em recém-nascidos prematuros

OBJETIVOS: avaliar se a complacência pulmonar precoce é fator preditor da presença de displasia broncopulmonar aos 28 dias de vida, em prematuros. MÉTODO: coorte prospectiva de neonatos com idade gestacional <32 semanas e peso ao nascer entre 500 e 1250 g, que receberam surfactante profilático com 30 minutos de vida. Com 60 minutos de vida, um pneumotacógrafo acoplado entre a cânula traqueal e o circuito do respirador mediu, através do WinTracer®, o fluxo de gases e os gradientes de pressão, obtendo-se valores de complacência pulmonar e resistência das vias aéreas. Procedeu-se à regressão logística dos fatores associados à presença de dependência de oxigênio e/ou ventilação aos 28 dias de vida. RESULTADOS: dos 32 recém-nascidos inicialmente avaliados, 25 sobreviveram até 28 dias, quando 17 (68%) eram dependentes de oxigênio e/ou de ventilação assistida (Grupo 1) e oito (32%) não (Grupo 2). O Grupo 1 apresentava idade gestacional mais baixa, índice de gravidade clínica mais elevado e maior freqüência de persistência do canal arterial. A complacência pulmonar e a resistência de vias aéreas foi similar nos dois grupos. Na regressão logística, a persistência do canal arterial e a idade gestacional foram preditores para displasia. CONCLUSÕES: a complacência pulmonar na primeira hora de vida não foi fator preditor da presença de displasia broncopulmonar na população analisada.

Coil Occlusion of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Impact of 0.052-Inch Gianturco Coil Without Amplatzer Duct Occluder

Coils are the only devices available for transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in Japan. Since April 1999, we have introduced a 0.052-inch Gianturco coil (0.052-inch coil) to close PDA >or=2.5 mm. A retrospective survey of the outcome of coil occlusions for PDA >or=2.5 mm before and after the 0.052-inch coil became available found that (1) the frequency of PDA >or=2.5 mm among all candidates for coil occlusion significantly increased after the availability of a 0.052-inch coil (p<0.01); (2) deployment complicated by migration (p<0.01), and prolonged procedure time (p<0.05) were significantly decreased after the introduction of the 0.052-inch coil. In a multivariate logistic regression model for uneventful deployment adjusted for age, pulmonary to systemic flow ratio, and use of a 0.052-inch coil, use of the 0.052-inch coil significantly decreased eventful deployment (p<0.05); and (3) successful deployment of a coil for PDA >or=4 mm significantly increased with the 0.052-inch coil (p<0.01). Complete occlusion was achieved once deployment was successful. Introduction of the 0.052-inch coil decreased complicated coil occlusion deployment for PDA >or=2.5 mm, and contributed to a better likelihood of coil occlusion for PDA >or=4 mm.

Effect of indomethacin on complications of preterm neonatal respiratory distress syndrome after pulmonary surfactant treatment or prevention

目的 探讨预防性应用吲哚美辛减少肺表面活性物质治疗或预防新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的合并症.方法临床诊断为新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的早产儿40例,用肺表面活性物质(固尔苏)治疗,按有无用吲哚美辛预防分为A1组22例与B1组18例.胎龄＜32周未发生新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的早产儿37例,用肺表面活性物质预防,按有无用吲哚美辛预防分为A2组24例与B2组13例.分别比较A1与B1组、A2与B2组的辅助通气(含鼻塞CPAP和机械通气)时间和发生动脉导管未闭、肺出血、脑室内出血及死亡情况分布并做统计学分析.结果A1与B1两组辅助通气时间分别为(94.9±61.5)h、(105.8±103.0)h,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);发生动脉导管未闭例数分别为8、14例,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);发生肺出血、脑室内出血例数的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);死亡例数≤3 d分别为0和3例,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),＞3 d各为3例,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A2与B2两组辅助通气时间分别为(24.0±20.8)h、(44.0±25.9)h,发生动脉导管未闭例数分别为2和5例,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);发生肺出血例数的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);发生脑室内出血例数较少,死亡例数≤3 d分别为0和1例,＞3 d各为1例,未做统计学分析.结论肺表面活性物质治疗或预防新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征时,用吲哚美辛预防可减少合并动脉导管未闭、肺出血和早期死亡。

Reopening After Successful Coil Occlusion for Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Objectives. This study was performed to determine the frequency of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) reopening and the factors that may predict reopening after successful coil occlusion.Background. Transcatheter coil occlusion is a widely used and accepted method to close a PDA. After documented successful coil occlusion, we found PDAs that reopened. We hypothesized that specific factors are involved in those that reopened.Methods. All patients who underwent percutaneous transarterial PDA coil occlusion were studied. Successful coil occlusion was documented. PDA reopening was determined when Doppler-echocardiography (DE) performed after the procedure was negative for PDA flow but at follow-up demonstrated PDA shunting. Patients with a reopened PDA were compared with all other patients in evaluating independent variables.Results. Coil occlusion for PDA was attempted in 22 patients. Clinical success was achieved in 20 patients (91%), and DE was negative for PDA shunting in 19 patients (90%). At follow-up, five patients demonstrated reopening. The PDA minimal diameter was 1.4 ± 0.5 mm (mean ± SD) for the reopened group and 1.2 ± 0.7 mm for the other patients. The PDA length was 2.9 ± 1.9 mm for the reopened group and 7.1 ± 3.2 mm for all other patients. All those with type B PDA were in the reopened group. When independent variables were compared between groups, only PDA length and type B PDA predicted reopening (p < 0.05).Conclusions. PDA reopening may occur after successful coil occlusion. Short PDA length and type B PDA are associated with reopening. The data suggest that in such anatomy, alternative strategies to the current coil occlusion technique should be considered.

Surfactant Replacement Therapy With a Single Postventilatory Dose of a Reconstituted Bovine Surfactant in Preterm Neonates With Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Final Analysis of a Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized Trial and Comparison With Similar Trials

The effects of a single dose of surfactant TA were assessed in premature neonates (birth weight 750 to 1749 g) with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Only neonates with surfactant deficiency and without ultrasonographic evidence of intracranial hemorrhage ≥grade II were enrolled. Fifty-four patients received surfactant (100 mg of phospholipid per kilogram of body weight) and 46 patients received an air placebo within 8 hours of life. Treatment with this surfactant resulted in a significant reduction in the severity of RDS with a concomitant increase in the proportion of neonates with mild disease. The frequency of pulmonary interstitial emphysema and of pneumothorax was significantly lower in treated neonates compared with control neonates (2% vs 26%, P = .0008, and 7% vs 39%, P = .0004, respectively). The frequency of intracranial hemorrhage was significantly lower in the surfactant group compared with the control group (20% vs 54%, P = .0008) and was also reduced for the smallest nenoates in the surfactant group (13% vs 73%, P = .00008). When categorized according to severity of intracranial hemorrhage and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the surfactant group was at a significant advantage (adjusted Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel X2 = 10.72, P &amp;lt; .001 and X2 = 4.43, P = .036, respectively). The proportion of neonates surviving without intracranial hemorrhage and/or bronchopulmonary dysplasia was 63% in the surfactant group vs 26% in the control group (P = .0004); as for the smallest neonates, it was 58% in the surfactant group vs 4% in the control group (P = .0002). There were no differences between the groups with respect to the frequency of patent ductus arteriosus (46% vs 37%), pulmonary hemorrhage (6% vs 7%), necrotizing enterocolitis (0% vs 2%), sepsis (4% vs 2%), retinopathy of prematurity (13% vs 22%), or death (15% vs 22%). It is concluded that treatment with the single-dose surfactant regimen used in this study reduces the severity of respiratory distress during the 48 hours after treatment and decreases the major pulmonary morbidity and intracranial hemorrhage in premature neonates with RDS. Further studies are needed to determine whether (1) treatment at birth or as soon as after RDS is diagnosed and (2) the use of multiple dose of this surfactant would result in any additional benefits.

Patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants: a review of current management.

Problems related to the ductus arteriosus confront the pediatrician more than any other isolated cardiac defect. Due to increased awareness of the problems of prematurity, the reported frequency of patent ductus arteriosus increased threefold between 1970 and 1975. Aggressive therapy directed toward closure of the ductus is indicated within the first week of life in the very immature infant. Pharmacologic closure of the PDA with indomethacin is effective about half the time.

Patent ductus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect: trends in reported frequency.

Nationwide secular increases in the reported frequency of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) are presented. Detailed examination of data from one locality, Metropolitan Atlanta, indicates that the increases were primarily the result of a rise in the reported frequency of these heart defects in isolated form (i.e., without other malformations). During the latter years of the study more Atlanta babies with isolated PDA were of low birth weight and short gestational age, and more cases were diagnosed in the infants' first week of life. The increase in VSD was not as consistent nor as dramatic as that of PDA. Neither were there any changes over time in the demographic characteristics of Atlanta infants affected by isolated VSD. At least part and perhaps all of the increase in PDA may be explained by an increased awareness on the part of physicians who take care of premature infants. While the increase in reported VSD may be explainable on the basis of awareness or secular shifts in diagnostic standards, the problem seems qualitatively different from that of PDA.

Prolonged rupture of fetal membranes and decreased frequency of respiratory distress syndrome and patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants

Observations were made on 153 preterm infants (25 to 34 weeks' gestation) in an attempt to answer the following questions: Does prolonged rupture of the fetal membranes (ROM) correlate with a decreased frequency of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and patent ductus arteriosus, and, if so, what is the duration of ROM required? An analysis of the data indicates that as the duration of ROM is lengthened the incidence of RDS and patent ductus arteriosus decreases. In fact, after 48 hours of prolonged ROM (PROM), there is a virtual absence of RDS. In addition, after 72 hours of PROM, the frequency of patent ductus arteriosus was markedly reduced to only 12 per cent (three of 25 infants). PROM beyond 24 hours was also associated with a significant decrease in deaths (p < 0.05). Amnionitis occurred in 33 per cent of pregnancies with PROM > 48 hours; however, only one infant died of sepsis. These findings support the hypothesis put forth by others 1–5 that PROM is indeed associated with a decreased frequency of RDS in preterm infants. Moreover, our findings suggest that PROM greater than 72 hours is associated with a relatively low frequency of patent ductus arteriosus. The question is then raised that perhaps pregnancies ≤ 34 weeks' gestation with PROM should be allowed to continue for 72 hours in the absence of amnionitis.