Frequency Of Oral Cancer Research Articles

Serological profile of IGG antibodies to viral capsid antigen of epstein-barr virus in oral pre-cancer and cancer patients

Cancer of the oral cavity is a major and increasing public health problem. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer reported globally with an annual incidence of over 300,000 cases, of which 62% arise in developing countries. In India, because of cultural, ethnic, and geographic factors and the popularity of addictive habits, the frequency of oral cancer is high. Despite the various etiological and predisposing factors associated with oral pre-cancer and cancer, the role of co-carcinogenic effects of viruses like HSV has been documented. With this background and considering the high prevalence of oral cancer in India an attempt has been made to study the association of EBV with oral cancer using serological methods.1. To study the IgG antibodies to Viral Capsid Antigen (VCA) of Epstein-Barr virus in oral pre-cancer and cancer by a laboratory standardized Indirect Immuno Fluorescent (IIF) test. 2. To compare and corelate the results of IIF test with a commercially available ELISA for VCA IgG antibodies to EBV. 3. To assess the severity of disease progression in oral pre-cancer and cancer using the serological profile.In the present study, 84 subjects were assessed for serum IgG antibodies to VCA of EBV using the IIF technique and later the results were compared with an ELISA kit. Group I were controls, Group II to Group V were oral squamous cell carcinoma subjects according to the clinical staging. Group VI comprised of oral pre-cancer subjects. Age range was between 40-70 years, and the mean age was 50.31 +/- 8.23 years. All the 42 control sera were positive for IgG antibodies to VCA of EBV but with a significantly low geometric mean titre(GMT) of 8.561.The GMTs of oral squamous carcinoma and pre-cancer sera was positive but progressively increased when compared to control sera and were highly significant (P<0.001).As there was a significant increase in the GMTs in oral squamous cell carcinoma subjects and pre-cancer subjects, serology of EBV may be interpreted to be useful in assessing the severity of the disease and the techniques of IIF and ELISA may be used as first line screeners when large number of subjects need to be assessed.

Awareness of oral cancer and its risk factors in a rural community in Mandya, Karnataka, India

Background: Oral cancer is a major public health problem faced by mankind today. In India, because of cultural, ethnic, geographic factors and the popularity of addictive habits, the frequency of oral cancer is very high. Thus the present study was undertaken with the objective to determine the level of awareness of oral cancer and the associated risk factors among the general population in a rural community. Methods: The cross sectional study was done among the subjects in 3 villages selected randomly from each primary health centre area covering a sample size of 479 in assessing their knowledge regarding oral cancer. Results: More than one third of the respondents believed that oral cancer is preventable, 41.8% opined that oral cancer can be treated, 18.6% said that oral cancer is contagious and 35.1% opined that the risk of oral cancer increased with age. More than half of the study subjects in 16 -30 years age group knew that oral cancer is preventable and treatable. Nearly 40% of the respondents in the present study did not know the symptoms of oral cancer. Only 16.1% of the respondents had got their oral cavity examined during the past 6 months and 7.7% had undergone screening for oral cancer. Conclusions: Our study found that the level of awareness among the subjects regarding oral cancer and its risk factors was poor.

High Level of Estrogen in Male Oral Cancer Patients and Consumption of Smokeless Tobacco

Oral cancer is the most common form of cancer and cancer-related deaths among Indian males. 70-75% of these cases are due to chewing tobacco. Estrogen and testosterone both are an important hormone for male and female. Estrogen has an important role in the development of breast cancer, ovarian cancer etc. There are very few studies available which describe the increased oral cancer incidence and level of estrogen in male oral cancer patients and use of smokeless tobacco consumption among the same type of cancer patients. Therefore, the present study has been aimed to find out the prevalence of oral cancer due to consumption of smokeless tobacco, sub-site distribution and level of estrogen in the oral cancer patients in Bihar . In the present study 126 patients suffering from oral cancer were selected randomly. The background data obtained were categorized into sex-wise as well as age-wise oral cancer incidence, carcinoma site, frequency of oral cancer and the type of tobacco addiction among the surveyed oral cancer patients. Estrogen level in male oral cancer patients was assessed by ELISA-kit method. Addiction of khaini among all of the smoke and smokeless tobacco consuming persons in Bihar was found higher. Prevalence of oral cancer was four times higher in male patients than the female and the level of estrogen hormone in male oral cancer patients were found elevated. In conclusion, high oral cancer incidence has been observed among people of Bihar. Most popular form of smokeless tobacco is khaini mainly used by illiterate people. Elevated level of estrogen hormone in male oral cancer patients may be associated with the increased incidence of oral cancer among people of Bihar. It may further provide some evidence to understand the whole mechanism of oral cancer.

Oral cancer as a leading annoyance of the South Asian territory: An epidemiologic and clinical review

Oral cancer is one of the most fatal health problems faced by the mankind today. In India, because of cultural, ethnic, geographic factors, and the popularity of addictive habits, the frequency of oral cancer is high. It ranks number one in terms of incidence among men and third among women. Several factors such as tobacco and tobacco-related products, alcohol, genetic predisposition, and hormonal factors are suspected as possible causative factors. The exciting opportunity provided by the well-

Oral Cancer in India: An Epidemiologic and Clinical Review

Oral cancer is one of the most fatal health problems faced by the mankind today. In India, because of cultural, ethnic, geographic factors and the popularity of addictive habits, the frequency of oral cancer is high. It ranks number one in terms of incidence among men and third among women. Several factors like tobacco and tobacco related products, alcohol, genetic predisposition and hormonal factors are suspected as possible causative factors. Hence the study was designed to determine the prevalence of Oral Cancer in patients who attended the outpatient department, at Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Dental College Sangli India during a period of 24months in 2009-2010. Further various modes of tobacco and alcohol consuming habit were assessed along with the site of occurrence of oral cancer. About 35,122 subjects belonging to a semi-urban district of Sangli in Western Maharashtra (India) were screened. Tobacco and alcohol consumption was the common habit among the study population. Out of these about 112 cases showed Oral Cancer. The prevalence of Oral Cancer was 1.12%. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software 11. The findings in the present study reveal a high prevalence of Oral Cancer and a rampant misuse of variety of addictive substances in the community. Close follow up and systematic evaluation is required in this population. Education about ill effects of tobacco and alcohol consumption is necessary at a broader scale. There is an urgent need for awareness programs involving the community health workers, dentists and allied medical professionals.

Gingival squamous cell carcinoma in young patients: report of a case and review of the literature

Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm of epithelium, most frequently occurring in intraoral tumors. In this article we describe a rarely reported, because the frequency of oral cancer in young people is extremely low, case of a 16-year-old Chinese girl with squamous cell carcinoma of anterior mandibular gingiva. The clinicopathologic features, etiology, clinical evaluation, management of squamous cell carcinoma of gingiva in young patients are discussed and the applicable literatures are reviewed.

A deficit in biopsying potentially premalignant oral lesions in Puerto Rico

Background: Intraoral lesions clinically suspicious for cancer/precancer should be biopsied and diagnosed histopathologically. We evaluated whether the frequency of oral cancer (OC) cases diagnosed in Puerto Rico (PR) is disproportionately high relative to the frequency of persons with histopathologic diagnoses that would have appeared clinically suspicious for OC/precancer at biopsy. Methods: All pathology reports for oral (ICD-O-3 C01-C06) soft tissue biopsies generated during 1/2004–5/2005 by seven PR and two New York City (NYC) pathology laboratories were reviewed. The analysis was restricted to persons diagnosed with invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), epithelial dysplasia, or hyperkeratosis/epithelial hyperplasia (HK/EH), i.e., diagnoses associated with lesions clinically suspicious for OC/precancer. The OC relative frequency measured the percentage of persons diagnosed with OSCC among persons with OSCC, dysplasia, or HK/EH. OC relative frequencies for PR and NYC laboratories were compared. Results: Overall, the OC relative frequency was 67% in PR and 40% and 4% in the NYC general and oral pathology laboratories, respectively (each p < 0.001). In PR, the OC relative frequency was highest for males (80%). When OC relative frequencies were stratified by pathology laboratory type (general/oral) and compared across PR and NYC, age/gender-specific OC relative frequencies were always higher in PR; however, differences were consistently statistically significant for males only. Conclusion: A disparity in the OC relative frequency exists in PR vs. NYC indicating a shortfall in biopsying potentially precancerous oral lesions in PR. PR residents with intraoral lesions suspicious for oral cancer/precancer are most likely to be biopsied only after developing an invasive OC.

High relative frequency of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Yemen: Qat and tobacco chewing as its aetiological background

To study the association of qat chewing with the occurrence of oral cancer, the frequency of oral cancer among whole body cancers and the patients' histories of tobacco consumption and qat chewing were examined in Yemen where qat chewing has been most popular. All primary malignant tumors listed in the surgical pathology files at Al-Thawra Hospital, University of Sana'a, in the year 2004 were analyzed, and the patients' histories of tobacco consumption and qat chewing were examined. A total of 649 cases of primary malignant tumors (348, 53.6% males and 301, 46.4% females) were extracted. Oral cancer was the most frequent body cancer in both males (17.2%) and females (19.6%). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most frequent oral cancer (84%), and the tongue (42%), gingiva (23%) and buccal mucosa (20%) were the most common sites. Among the 119 patients with oral cancer, information on chewing habits and smoking was obtained in 92 patients (77.3%). There were 70 tobacco chewers (76.1%), 55 qat chewers (59.8%), and 22 smokers (23.9%). Simultaneous chewing of tobacco and qat was found in 48 cases (52.2%). The present survey has disclosed for the first time that oral SCC is the most frequent cancer in this study area in Yemen, and that the high relative frequency of oral SCC may be related to the habits of chewing tobacco and qat.

Smokeless tobacco (shamma) and oral cancer in Saudi Arabia.

Oral use of smokeless tobacco has been associated with the development of oral cancer. Shamma is a preparation of smokeless tobacco. Previous investigators in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) have reported a relationship between their patients with oral cancer and a history of using shamma. The purpose of this study was to explore the possible relationship between a smokeless tobacco preparation (shamma) and oral cancer, among the provinces of the KSA. Tumor Registry (TR) data from the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC) were reviewed for the period from 1976 to 1995. A total of 26510 Saudi cancer patients were referred over this 20-year period. The frequency of oral cancer was investigated, specifically for those primary sites located near the habitual placement of this smokeless tobacco product. Notably, 35.4% of these oral cancers were referred from one province - Jizan. The percentage of oral cancer cases from this province is significantly higher than the percentage of total malignant cases referred to KFSH&RC from this province, and the Saudi population of this province when compared to the whole of the KSA. These data suggest that there is a relationship between the factors smokeless tobacco product (shamma), frequency of oral cancer, and Jizan province: oral cancer appears to be more common in this province where shamma is also common.

Oral cancer and precancer related to betel and miang chewing in Thailand: a review.

Historical aspects of betel and miang chewing in Thailand are described, as is the betel quid. Available literature on cancer and precancer in Thailand is reviewed. While oral cancer has been a major health problem in the past, changes in habit patterns with marked reduction of betel and miang chewing during the last decades have prompted a change in frequency of oral cancer in some provinces. Oral effects of miang chewing are less marked, although chewer's mucosa has been observed. Betel and miang chewing seem to be vanishing habits in Thailand in contrast to other Southeast Asian or South Asian countries.

Cancer in the Gizan Province of Saudi Arabia: An Eleven Year Study

The occurrence of histologically diagnosed primary malignant tumors in Saudi and Yemeni patients in Gizan Province over the 11 years from 1982 to 1992 was analyzed. During the study period, 1398 malignancies of known primary site were seen in males and 972 in females. In common with other parts of Saudi Arabia, the overall incidence of malignant disease was low by Western standards with lymphoreticular malignancies relatively common and tumors of lung, bowel, breast and the female genital system relatively uncommon. Some malignancies are more common in Gizan Province as compared to elsewhere in Saudi Arabia. Oral cancer was the most common malignancy in females and the most common overall, probably due to widespread use of oral tobacco preparations. Liver cancer was the most common malignancy in males, reflecting the endemic nature of hepatitis B in the area. The incidence of bladder cancer, and particularly of squamous carcinoma of the bladder, was also more, probably due to the high incidence of schistosomiasis in the area. No significant trends in incidence of specific malignancies were noted over the 11-year study period, even though the period has been marked by dramatic and unprecedented changes in lifestyle and public health.

Studies in Oral Cancer Epidemiology 2. Frequency of Oral Cancer

Studies in Oral Cancer Epidemiology 2. Frequency of Oral Cancer