Frequency Of Low Bone Mineral Density Research Articles

DENSIDAD MINERAL ÓSEA BAJA EN VARONES JÓVENES CON INFECCIÓN ASINTOMÁTICA POR EL VIRUS DE LA INMUNODEFICIENCIA HUMANA EN TRATAMIENTO ANTIRRETROVIRAL

The aim of this study was determine the frequency of low bone mineral density (BMD) in young men with asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection on antiretroviral therapy for less than 2 years, as well as to compare the frequency of low and normal BMD according to antiretroviral treatment (ART) scheme and level of physical activity. 39 young men with asymptomatic HIV infection and ART less than 2 years were included. A bone densitometry was performed, and the following areas were evaluated: lumbar spine, left femoral neck and total left hip. 12 patients (31%) with low BMD and 27 patients (69%) with normal BMD were found. No differences were found between patients with normal and low BMD according to type of ART and level of physical activity. The frequency of low BMD is high in young men with asymptomatic HIV infection under antiretroviral treatment for less than 2 years.

Bone mineral density and risk factors of osteoporosis in children

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) is a worldwide problem that could affect children. Aim of the work: to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and assess risk factors of OP in children. Patients and methods: This study was carried out on 960 children (410 male and 550 female). All children were subjected to full medical, nutritional history, clinical examination; laboratory investigations, dorsolumbar plain x-ray and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Results: The children were 57.3% females and 42.7% males (F: M 1.3:1) with a mean age of 9.3 ± 2.7 years. The frequency of low BMD was 28.3% (n = 272), while 11.2% (n = 107) were osteoporotic. OP was idiopathic in 4.7% and secondary in 95.3%. In OP children there was history of vertebral fracture in 91, 2 long bone fractures in 13 and 3 long bone fractures in 3 following low impact traumas. The risk factors of OP were unhealthy nutrition (89.7%), anemia (87.9%), underweight (81.3%), bronchial asthma (68.2%), diabetes mellitus (58.9%), epilepsy (12.2%), delayed puberty (8.4%), chronic kidney disease (4.3%), rheumatic diseases (4.3%) and hypothyroidism (1.9%). There was a significant difference between those with and without OP as regards serum calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.001) and most common risk factors of OP among studied children (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Osteoporosis is frequent in children and unhealthy nutrition is the most common risk factor. OP is frequent among chronic disease as anemia, diabetes mellitus, bronchial asthma and epilepsy. Raising awareness among rheumatologists, pediatricians and family medicine physicians about this alarming condition is warranted to early detect and treat cases.

Bone mineral density is within normal range in most adult phenylketonuria patients.

Low bone mineral density (BMD) as a risk factor for fractures has been a long‐standing concern in phenylketonuria (PKU). It is hypothesised that the disease itself or the dietary treatment might lead to a low BMD. Previous studies show conflicting results of BMD in PKU due to differences in age, techniques to assess BMD and criteria used. To assess the prevalence of low BMD and define possible risk factors in a large number of adult, early treated PKU (ETPKU) patients. European centres were invited for a survey, collecting retrospective data including results of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of adult ETPKU patients. BMD of 183 adult ETPKU patients aged 18‐46 (median age 28, all females premenopausal) years was lower than in the general population at most skeletal sites but the frequency of low BMD (Z‐score <−2) was at maximum 5.5%. No risk factors for low BMD in PKU patients could be identified. Low BMD occurs only in a small subset of PKU patients. DXA scans should be considered for well controlled patients from age 35‐40 years and up and on indication in those PKU patients considered to be at increased risk for fractures.

The frequency and risk factors of low bone mineral density one year after liver transplantation in children: a study in Shiraz Organ Transplant Center

Objective: Osteoporosis is a severe epiphenomenon that follows liver transplantation (LT). There is an inconsistency regarding risk factors of developing osteoporosis in LT children. In this article, we address the frequency of low bone mineral density (BMD) in LT children.&#x0D; Methods: This is a prospective study performed on children aged &lt;18 years old, referred to the Shiraz Organ Transplant Center. The study was conducted from March 2009 until March 2014. Those with at least one year passed from the transplantation were included. Lumbar and hip bone densities were checked by Dual-Energy Radiograph Absorptiometry.&#x0D; Results: From the total of 84 included children, 32 (38.1%) and 52 (61.9%) were males and females respectively. The underlying diseases included cryptogenic (32, 28.1%), biliary atresia (18, 21.4%), Wilson disease (9, 10.7%), autoimmune hepatitis (9, 10.7%), tyrosinemia (6, 7.1%), acute liver failure (5, 6%), and hypercholesterolemia (5, 6%). Overall, 53 children (63.1%) had normal BMD, while 31 (36.9%) revealed lower than normal BMD. The means of lumbar and hip z scores were -1.04+/-1.47 (median of -0.75) and -0.98+/-1.92 (median of -0.60), respectively. There was no significant association between bone density and the age of transplantation, sex, weight, height, or underlying diseases (P&gt;0.05). None of the immunosuppressive drugs were associated with low BMD. The patients who received pulse therapy showed a significantly higher rate of low BMD respective to the patients who did not receive pulse therapy (P=0.03).&#x0D; Conclusion: The frequency of low BMD is relatively high in LT children. Pulse therapy may increase the risk of low BMD and osteoporosis in LT children.&#x0D;

Polymorphism rs2073618 of the TNFRSF11B (OPG) Gene and Bone Mineral Density in Mexican Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Osteoporosis (OP) is highly prevalent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is influenced by genetic factors. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2073618 in the TNFRSF11B osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene has been related to postmenopausal OP although, to date, no information has been described concerning whether this polymorphism is implied in abnormalities of bone mineral density (BMD) in RA. We evaluated, in a case-control study performed in Mexican-Mestizo women with RA, whether SNP rs2073618 in the TNFRSF11B gene is associated with a decrease in BMD. RA patients were classified as follows: (1) low BMD and (2) normal BMD. All patients were genotyped for the rs2073618 polymorphism by PCR-RFLP. The frequency of low BMD was 74.4%. Higher age was observed in RA with low BMD versus normal BMD (62 and 54 years, resp.; p < 0.001). Worse functioning and lower BMI were observed in RA with low BMD (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, resp.). We found similar genotype frequencies in RA with low BMD versus RA with normal BMD (GG genotype 71% versus 64.4%, GC 26% versus 33%, and CC 3% versus 2.2%, resp.; p = 0.6). We concluded that in Mexican-Mestizo female patients with RA, the rs2073618 polymorphism of the TNRFS11B gene is not associated with low BMD.

A long-term, observational cohort study on the safety of low-dose glucocorticoids in ankylosing spondylitis: adverse events and effects on bone mineral density, blood lipid and glucose levels and body mass index

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the risk of adverse events and effects on bone mineral density (BMD), blood lipid and glucose levels and body mass index (BMI) of low-dose glucocorticoid...

G.P.171: Age-specific prevalence of osteoporosis and frequency of poor bone health indices in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Osteoporosis is a major problem in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients due to long term glucocorticoid (GC) therapy and immobility. There is neither age-specific prevalence data nor consensus on management of osteoporosis in DMD. To determine age-specific prevalence of osteoporosis and frequency of poor bone health indices in pediatric DMD patients. Methods: We retrospectively examined age-specific prevalence of osteoporosis and poor bone health indices in GC-treated DMD patients seen between January 2005 and July 2012 at Cincinnati Children's Hospital. Outcomes of interest were fractures (total, vertebral, long bone), and low age- and height-adjusted <i>z</i>-scores (<−2) of total body (TB) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) by DXA. We studied 408 patients with 1415 clinical visits (median 3 visits per patient). Ages ranged from 3.0 to 19.3 (mean 10.6 ±3.7) years at last follow up. By the last visit: 85 (20.8%) were on bisphosphonates, 293 (71.8%) were ambulatory, 339 (83.1%) were prepubertal, and mean daily GC duration was 4.4 ±2.8years. DMD patients acquired vertebral and long bone fractures at a young age. Fracture prevalence increased with age. Prevalence of total fractures was 16.5%, 37.4% and 83.3% at ages 5, 10 and 18years respectively. Prevalence of vertebral fractures was 4.4%, 19.1% and 58.3% at the same ages. Prevalence of osteoporosis as defined by the ISCD 2013 was similar (4.4%, 20.9% and 58.3%). Frequency of low BMD and BMC <i>z</i>-scores also increased with age, and varied with site of measurement. Osteoporosis is frequent in DMD patients from a young age. Our study is the first to examine age-specific prevalence of osteoporosis and frequency of poor bone health indices throughout the pediatric age span in a large DMD cohort. These data also highlight the complexity of bone health measures, and the urgent need to improve detection, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in DMD.