Frequency Of Hypomagnesemia Research Articles

Hypomagnesaemia among Diabetic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: The clinical role of magnesium, especially of hypomagnesaemia, in diabetic and chronic kidney disease patients has been underestimated for many years. Objective: To determine the frequency of hypomagnesaemia in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease and to investigate the relationship of magnesium level with glycemic and renal status. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional observational study performed on 100 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease, admitted to BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, excluding patients with history of chronic diarrhea, laxative abuse, diuretic use, alcoholism and those on dialysis. Several socio-demographic and biochemical parameters were analyzed and compared with magnesium level. Results: Frequency of hypomagnesaemia among the study population was 37% (p= 0.009) and the frequency was found to be increasing with increasing stage of chronic kidney disease. Frequency of hypomagnesaemia was more in patients with uncontrolled fasting blood glucose, post meal blood glucose and HbA1c level (p<0.05). Serum magnesium levels positively correlated with serum creatinine levels (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r=0.428, p=0.001) and inversely correlated with GFR (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r= -0.275, p= 0.006). Conclusion: The frequency of hypomagnesaemia among diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease is common. So it would be prudent to routinely monitor for hypomagnesaemia in diabetic patients with chronic kidney. Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2024; 12 (2): 132-137

Hypomagnesemia may be related to frailty, gait and balance problems, and basic activities of daily living in older adults

ABSTRACT Objectives The study aims to investigate the relationship between hypomagnesemia, preclinical hypomagnesemia, and normomagnesemia as along with geriatric syndrome and comprehensive geriatric parameters(CGA). Methods 217 patients who applied to the geriatric clinic between November 2022 and December 2023 were included in the study. All patients underwent CGA. Patients were categorized into three groups: Magnesium (Mg) level ≤ 1.5 mg/dL, Mg level 1.5–1.8 mg/dL, and Mg level > 1.8 mg/dL. These three groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, comorbidities, CGA parameters, and geriatric syndromes. Regression analyses was conducted for significant parameters, adjusting for confounders. Results 74.9% of all participants were female, with an average age of 76.5 ± 6.6 years. The frequency of hypomagnesemia was 14.2%. Demographic characteristics and medication use, including proton pump inhibitors and diuretics, were similar in these three groups. While the FRIED frailty scale and the duration of the timed-up-and-go test were higher in the hypomagnesemia group, the Basic Activities Daily of Living (ADLs) and the Tinetti-POMA(performance-oriented mobility assessment) scores were lower in the hypomagnesemia group. When normomagnesemia was accepted as the reference category, FRIED frailty scale, Basic ADLs, and POMA score were more significant in the hypomagnesemia group (p = 0.025, p = 0.013 and p = 0.011,respectively), but there was no significance in the preclinical hypomagnesemia group regardless of the covariates. Conclusion Hypomagnesemia, particularly serum Mg levels below 1.5 mg/dL, may be associated with frailty, basic ADLs, gait, and balance tests. In geriatric practice, patients with hypomagnesemia should be evaluated in terms of the risk of the mentioned disorders.

Frequency of Hypomagnesemia and Its Relationship With Severity Among Patients of Acute Ischemic Stroke Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypomagnesemia and its association with the severity of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital. Methodology A total of 100 patients with AIS were included in the study. Demographic data, including age, gender, and severity of stroke, were collected. Serum magnesium levels were measured at admission, and the severity of stroke was classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on clinical criteria. The presence of hypomagnesemia was defined as a serum magnesium level below 1.8 mg/dL determined within 72 hours of onset of stroke. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the association between hypomagnesemia, stroke severity, age, and gender. Results The mean age of the patients with standard deviation was 65.45 ± 11.8 years, with the majority (38, 38%) aged 60-74 years. There were 53 (53%) male and 47 (47%) female patients. Hypomagnesemia was found in 35 (35%) patients, with an average magnesium level of 1.93 mg/dL and a standard deviation of 0.37 at admission. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of stroke severity (P = 0.779; P = 0.406) or hypomagnesemia (P = 0.287; P = 0.591) based on gender or age group, respectively. Stratification based on stroke severity showed that 16 (39%) patients with mild stroke, 10 (31.3%) with moderate stroke, and 9 (33.3%) with severe stroke had hypomagnesemia. The correlation between stroke severity and hypomagnesemia was weak (r = 0.099). Further, among hypomagnesemia patients, the majority were females aged 60-74 years. Conclusions This study found a weak positive relationship between the severity of AIS and the presence of hypomagnesemia. However, no statistically significant association was observed between gender or age group and stroke severity or hypomagnesemia. These findings suggest that further research is needed to understand the role of hypomagnesemia in AIS and its potential implications for patient management.

Frequency of Hypomagnesemia in Patients with Type 2 DiabetesMellitus

Frequency of Hypomagnesemia in Patients with Type 2 DiabetesMellitus

Böbrek Nakli Alıcılarında Hipomagnezemi Ve Kalsinörin İnhibitörleri

Aim: Post-transplant hypomagnesemia is a frequently encountered and significant electrolyte disorder and is more common in patients using calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of hypomagnesemia and accompanying conditions in the outpatient follow-up of renal transplant recipients.
 Methods: This cross-sectional study included 236 renal transplant patients. Demographic characteristics of the patients and their biochemical values, including drug levels, were recorded.
 Results: Of the patients, 69 (29.2%) were female, and 194 (82.3%) were living donor recipients. The mean age of the entire group was 43.1 years. The frequency of hypomagnesemia was 40% (10/25) in the first 12 months, 26.1% (23/88) between the 12th and 60th months, 26% (32/123) after 60 months, and 27.5% (65/236) in all patients. In patients with higher levels of tacrolimus compared to those with the target level, the frequency of hypomagnesemia increased in those with a posttransplant period of 12-60 months (40.9% vs. 20.8%, p: 0.018) and over 60 months (44% vs. 26%, p: 0.046). In addition, the magnesium (Mg+2) level was lower in patients using tacrolimus compared to those using cyclosporine (CsA) (1.80±0.18 vs 1.91±0.25, p: 0.003). The effect of hypomagnesemia on graft functions was statistically insignificant in all groups.
 Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia is a common electrolyte disorder in the early and late periods after transplantation. In our study, hypomagnesemia did not differ according to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, gender, fasting blood glucose, and glomerular filtration rate. However, the frequency increased in patients using tacrolimus and those with above-target serum tacrolimus levels.

Frequency of Hypomagnesemia in Patients with Hypokalemia Admitted in A Tertiary Care Hospital

Deficiencies of electrolytes (hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia) are of clinical importance in hospitalized patients. Hypomagnesemia is often associated with hypokalemia and concomitant hypomagnesemia potentiates hypokalemia and makes it difficult to treat with potassium replacement alone. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of hypomagnesemia in hypokalemic patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Total 75 patients with admission hypokalemia (serum potassium <3.5 mmol/l) were approached for inclusion in the study. Overall frequency of hypomagnesemia (serum Mg2+ level <0.66 mmol/L) were present in 58.7% (n=44) patients. A positive correlation was observed between serum level of potassium and magnesium in our study population. (Pearson’s correlation co-efficient, r=0.801, P <0.001). However, before any final comment further multicenter study is recommended.

Frequency of Hypomagnesemia in Neonates presenting with Hypocalcemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Hypocalcemia is a common neonatal occurrence, especially in neonates with high-risk including those babies born to diabetic mothers, neonates with perinatal asphyxia and premature babies. High calcium consumption can reduce magnesium absorption, while low magnesium intake can boost calcium absorption. Aim: To assess the frequency of hypo-magnesemia in neonates presenting with hypocalcemia in a tertiary care hospital. Design study: Cross sectional study. Methodology: Total 160 fulfilling the inclusion criteria at Services Hospital, Lahore were enrolled through non-probability convenience sampling. Gestational age, birth weight, gender and feeding pattern) were noted. Blood sample was obtained by using 3cc BD syringe and 20G butterfly needle with the help of a nurse under sterile measures. All clotted samples were stored and sent to the Pathology lab for the assessment of magnesium level. Reports were assessed and if magnesium level<0.7mmol/L, then hypomagnesemia was labeled. Data was evaluated by using SPSS v.24. Quantitative data was presented as mean±SD. Qualitative data was presented as frequency and percentage. Chi-square test was applied with P-value ≤0.05 taken as significant. Results: In this study, there were 75 (46.9%) male and 85 (53.1%) female neonates. The mean gestational age of neonates was 39.20±1.63weeks. The mean birth weight of neonates was 2.5±3.0kg. There were 46 (28.8%) who were on exclusive breast feeding, 55 (34.4%) were on formula feed while 59 (36.9%) were on both; breast and formula feed. The mean magnesium level of neonates was 0.90±0.63mmol/L. There were 113(70.6%) neonates with hypomagnesemia while 47 (29.4%) had normal magnesium level. Practical Implication: Literature has reported that the frequency of hypomagnesemia is high in neonates with hypocalcemia. In Pakistan there is little local evidence available in this regard. The information gained through this study will help to improve our clinical practice and to update guidelines for early screening and management of infants with hypocalcemia with co-existence hypomagnesemia. Conclusion: It was concluded that the frequency of hypo-magnesemia was high in neonates with hypo-calcemia in local population. Keywords: Prevalence, Calcium, Electrolytes Imbalance and Neonates.

Frequency of Hypomagnesaemia in Severe Acute Malnutrition, Aged 6–59 Months

Objective: to determine the frequency of hypomagnesaemia in severe acute malnutrition, aged 6 – 59 months. Methodology: Patients admitted in Pediatric Medical Unit of Children Hospital, Lahore fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Their MUAC along with weight for height/length was taken and also examined for bilateral pitting edema. Venous sample was taken for serum magnesium level and studied in labs of CHL. Hypomagnesaemia was labeled as per operational definition. Treatment given in form of magnesium sulfate after confirming hypomagnesaemia. Results: Of 200 cases, 58%(n=116) were between 6-36 months of age whereas 42%(n=84) were between 37-59 months. mean +sd was calculated as 34.9+11.36 months. 50.5%(n=101) were male while 49.5%(n=99) were female, mean magnesium level was calculated as 1.94+0.30 mg/dL. Frequency of hypomagnesemia in severe acute malnutrition, aged 6 – 59 months was recorded in 31.5%(n=63) of the cases. Conclusion: frequency of hypomagnesemia is significantly higher in cases with malnutrition, however, a larger study is required to record the rate of this morbidity in our region. Keywords: Malnutrition, hypomagnesemia, 6-59 months of age

Frequency of Hypomagnesemia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of hypomagnesemia among COPD patients (COPD). Study design: A cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: I have been offered a position in the Medicine & Pulmonology Department at Nishtar Hospital in Multan, Pakistan, which I will begin in March 2016 and remain in until February 2018. Methodology: The non-probabilistic sequential sampling technique used to choose the final pool of 137 cases. Quantitative variables' means and standard deviations were determined. Quantitative evaluation included frequency counts and percentages for qualitative factors. Several effect modifiers have been taken into consideration via stratification, including age, diabetes, body mass index, COPD, high blood pressure, smoking, socioeconomic status, place of residence (race/ethnicity), and gender. A chi-square test for stratification was used to examine the data, and a P value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 30.81±14.74 Nearly eighty-one percent of the sample had illnesses that lasted more than 18 months, and the median duration of illness was also months (112). Fifty patients, or 36.5% of the total, were found to have low magnesium levels, with a mean blood magnesium level of 1.520.54 meq/liter. Practical Implementation: There is a lack of data on the function of magnesium in preventing COPD exacerbations. Hypomagnesemia may prove to be helpful in establishing COPD exacerbation as a predictive factor, according to the research that is now being conducted. This could lead to the development of COPD intervention strategies other than the standard treatments, enhancing COPD patients' life quality, morbidity, and mortality. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that hypomagnesemia is common among people with COPD. Male gender, greater age, lower socioeconomic status, diabetes, hypertension, tobacco use, and longer disease duration were all associated with low magnesium levels. Keywords: Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), frequency, hypomagnesemia.

Magnesium Supplementation with Special Reference to Alcohol-Related Conditions: Experience from Russia

Intravenous infusions of magnesium-containing solutions were routinely applied in Russia as treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and other alcohol-related conditions. However, this indiscriminate approach is unfounded and may cause more harm than benefit. Magnesium deficiency is associated with certain circulatory, neuropsychiatric and metabolic conditions. The frequency of hypomagnesemia is enhanced in cases of chronic alcoholism. However, moderate deficiency does not necessarily require parenteral magnesium supplementation. Iatrogenic hypermagnesemia is associated with adverse effects. Endovascular manipulations in conditions of suboptimal procedural quality assurance can cause transmission of viral hepatitis. To decide if an intravenous magnesium supplementation is indicated, it should first be determined whether there is a deficiency and, if so, whether it can be compensated by diet or by oral intake of magnesium-containing drugs.

Frequency of Hypomagnesemia in Children with Malnutrition

Objective: To determine the hypomagnesemia in children with malnutrition at tertiary care Hospital. Patients and methods: This study was conducted in the department of paediatrics at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from August 2013 to February 2014. All the children aged 06 to 59 months, of either gender had > 06-month duration of malnutrition were recruited and evaluated for hypomagnesaemia. The serum magnesium value < 1.8 mg/dL was considered as hypomagnesaemia. All the information was collected via study proforma and analysis of data was done by SPSS version 26. Result: During six month, 159 children with malnutrition were studied for their magnesium level, of which 70.4% were males and 29.6% were females. The overall mean age of patients was 35.97±12.72 month and mean duration of disease was 9.83±1.41 months. Overall hypomagnesemia was found in 72% children with malnutrition. The overall average of hypomagnesemia was 31.63±10.92 and hypomagnesaemia was observed significantly higher among male children compared to females (p=0.02), and was statistically significant according to the disease duration (p= 0.05). Conclusion: As per study conclusion the hypomagnesaemia observed to be highly frequent (72%) among children with malnutrition. Keywords: Malnutrition, Hypomagnesaemia, Mid-upper arm circumference

Correlation of Plasma Magnesium with Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) is a core component of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) is the most commonly used marker of IR. Plasma magnesium is a relatively cheap analyte and has been linked with the pathophysiology of IR. This study primarily was aimed at evaluating the possible use of plasma magnesium as a surrogate marker of IR in type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: The study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study carried out at a tertiary hospital in South-western Nigeria between March and September 2018. The study was conducted on 70 persons with diabetes, and age- and sex-matched 70 controls who met the eligibility criteria were recruited into the study. Ethical approval was obtained and informed consent was obtained from the participants. Fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and plasma magnesium were measured using standard protocols. HOMA-IR was determined using the appropriate formula. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software, (SPSS) version 22. Results: The mean age of the participants was 53.34 ± 9.57 years and that of the gender-matched controls was similar. Frequency of hypomagnesemia was significantly higher in the participants compared with controls (25.7% vs. 5.7%; P < 0.001). Similarly, a significantly greater proportion of the study participants (62.9%) had IR as expected compared with just 8.7% of the controls. The mean plasma magnesium (mg/dL) among the participants was significantly lower than that of the controls (1.73 ± 0.16 vs. 1.87 ± 0.14; P < 0.001). As expected, the mean HOMA-IR in the participants was significantly higher than that of the controls (2.64 ± 0.91 vs. 1.71 ± 0.32; P<0.001). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between plasma magnesium and IR among the participants (r=−0.443; P<0.001). However, among the controls, there was no statistically significant correlation between plasma magnesium and HOMA-IR (r=−0.034; P = 0.778). Conclusion: Plasma magnesium was found to correlate significantly with IR and may be used as a surrogate marker of IR in persons with type 2 DM but not in the general population.

Hypomagnesemia as a Cardiometabolic Risk Marker in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. However, studies have suggested a possible link between hypomagnesemia and cardiovascular risk, but these studies are scanty in sub-Saharan Africa. This present study aimed to investigate the association between plasma magnesium and cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: Seventy type 2 diabetes patients, with equal gender distribution, in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria were recruited. Ethical approval was obtained. Anthropometric measures were done as recommended. Plasma magnesium and fasting lipid profiles measured using standard protocols. Results: The mean age of the participants was 53.34 ± 9.57 years. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus among the participants was 6.29 ± 2.78 years. Central obesity and hypertension are the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes. About 38.6% of the participants had suboptimal glycemic control. Nearly 64.3% had dyslipidemia. The frequency of hypomagnesemia among the participants was 25.7%. Hypomagnesemia was significantly associated with the presence of dyslipidemia (P = 0.042) and suboptimal glycemic control (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Therefore, plasma magnesium could be used as a cheap marker of cardiovascular risk in low-resource settings like sub-Saharan Africa.

Hypomagnesemia in hemodialysis patients taking proton pump inhibitors

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are in routine widely prescribed to hemodialysis patients. Recent studies have reported the association of PPIs use with hypomagnesemia in patients with long term hemodialysis. This study aims to determine the frequency of hypomagnesemia in patients of hemodialysis taking proton pump inhibitors.
 Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology of Sandman Provincial Hospital Quetta from 01-6-2019 till 01-9-2019. A total of 120 patients (52 PPI users and 68 non-PPI users) who were on HD for more than 06 months were included. Data regarding age, gender, duration of hemodialysis and taking PPIs were collected. Determination of serum magnesium was made by taking 3 different samples at 2 weeks’ interval and the mean value of serum magnesium was calculated. Serum Mg2+ levels <2.0 mg/dL was taken as hypomagnesemia. A Chi-square test was applied to determine the association of PPI use with hypomagnesemia.
 Results: Demographic variables such as age and gender were not significantly different between the groups. There was female dominance in both groups (73% in PPI groups and 66.1% in the non-PPI group (p-value 0.65). The mean duration of dialysis was 45.3±13.8 months in PPI users versus 48.9±12.9 months in non-PPI users (p-value 0.14). There was a significantly higher frequency of hypomagnesemia in PPI users; 36 (69.3%) versus 27 (39.7%) in non-PPI users (p-value 0.001).
 Conclusion: The use of PPI is associated with a significant reduction in serum magnesium levels. So serum magnesium levels should be advised as routine monitoring in patients of hemodialysis taking PPIs.

Study On Serum Magnesium, Calcium And Iron In Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Children

Background: Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder and one of the major cause of lifelong disability. Magnesium, calcium and iron are important minerals of biological system. Hypomagnesaemia, hypocalcaemia and iron deficiency has been found to be associated with abnormal metabolic functions resulting in autistic spectrum disorder.
 Hypothesis: Serum magnesium, calcium and iron levels are lower in ASD children than healthy control.
 Objective: To measure serum magnesium, calcium and iron in ASDchildren and to compare them with healthy control.
 Method: This observational type of analytical study with case-control design was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka from March 2014–January 2016. For this study, 80 children aged 3-10 years were randomly selected, among which 40 were apparently healthy and 40 were diagnosed as ASD. The study group was selected from the Parents’ Forum (Mohakhali DOHS, Dhaka) for ASD children and the control group was selected from some regular schools. 5ml venous blood was collected from both groups for analysis of fasting serum magnesium, calcium and iron. Fasting magnesium, calcium and iron were estimated in all children by standard laboratory method. Independent sample‘t’ test and proportion (Z) test were used for statistical analysis. P value Â0.05 was accepted as significant.
 Result: The mean serum magnesium, calcium and iron were significantly lower (pÂ0.001) in cases as compared to controls. The frequency of hypomagnesaemia, hypocalcaemia and iron deficiency were significantly higher in early diagnosed ASD children, which was 7 (17.5%), 22 (55%) and 5 (12.5%) out of 40 ASD children respectively.The mean values of all the biochemical variables in normal children were within normal ranges.
 Conclusion: The results indicate that hypomagnesaemia, hypocalcaemia and iron deficiency are common in ASD children.
 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.2, October, 2018, Page 199-204

The Relationship between Magnesium Level with Glucose Regulation and Amount of Proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Mellitus is a globally common, chronic metabolic disease. In progression of disease itself, peripheral insulin resistance and insulin secretion disorders can be observed. In addition there can be electrolyte disorders such as magnesium, calcium and iron deficiency. Magnesium levels may have significant role in the clinical course of the disease. In this study, it is aimed to observe relationship among magnesium levels glucose regulation and proteinuria. In this cross sectional study, 200 diabetic patients were examined for magnesium levels. Blood parameters and proteinuria levels were determined and the patients were divided into two groups as hypomagnesemic and normomagnesemic. Glucose levels, HbA1c and proteinuria levels were compared between groups. Of the cases (n=200), 59 (29.5 %) were male and 141 (70.5 %) were female. The frequency of hypomagnesemia was 38.5 %. The incidence of hypomagnesemia in women (46.1 %) was significantly higher than in men (20.3 %) (p=0.001). In hypomagnesemia group, glucose level (179.7 ± 60.2 mg/dL) was higher than normomagnesemia group (160.7 ± 52 mg/dL) (p=0.013). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of HbA1c level. Proteinuria levels were higher in hypomagnesemia group (0.18 ±0.12 mg/mg) than normomagnesemia group (0.14±0.05 mg/mg) (p=0.013). Magnesium deficiency is a common condition in diabetic patiens and may have negative effects on glucose regulation and proteinuria. Randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the role of magnesium in diabetic complications. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, magnesium, proteinuria DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/5-10-02

Serum magnesium status and its correlation with insulin resistance in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Hypomagnesaemia has been reported in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and an association of low serum magnesium (Mg) with insulin resistance has been observed. In this cross-sectional study, 65 new T2DM patients and 65 healthy controls were investigated to assess the Mg status and see the association between Mg level and insulin resistance. Oral glucose tolerance test, HbA1c, serum Mg, and fasting insulin were measured and the level of insulin resistance was calculated by using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Serum Mg level was similar in T2DM and control groups; a higher frequency of hypomagnesemia was observed in the T2DM than control group (26.2% vs. 12.3%) though it was not statistically significant (p= 0.074). Level of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was higher in the T2DM group and a higher frequency of subjects had insulin resistance in this group compared to controls. No significant differences in age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR were observed between normomagnesaemic and hypomagnesaemic T2DM subjects. In the T2DM group, age, BMI, WC, WHR, FPG, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR correlated with serum Mg level though in the control group Mg had significant inverse correlations with BMI and fasting insulin. New T2DM subjects and healthy controls had similar Mg status although the frequency of hypomagnesemia was higher (not significant) in the T2DM group and serum Mg level had no correlation with glycemic status, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in T2DM patients.

Magnesium deficiency in hospitalized patients with hypokalemia

Background: When magnesium deficiency coexists with hypokalemia, it aggravates the hypokalemia, potentiates its adverse effects, and also renders it refractory to treatment. Despite the impact of magnesium deficiency on the clinical effects of hypokalemia, plasma magnesium is not routinely measured in patients with hypokalemia in our setting. Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the frequency of hypomagnesemia among hospitalized patients with hypokalemia at a tertiary hospital in Northeastern Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study carried out among 80 hospitalized patients (40 with hypokalemia and 40 with normal plasma potassium). Clinical details of the study individuals were obtained from hospital case notes. Plasma magnesium was measured, and the frequency of hypomagnesemia was compared between the two study groups. Results: The mean plasma magnesium was significantly lower in the hypokalemic group than in the normokalemic group (0.67 ± 0.05 vs. 0.81 ± 0.04 mmol/L, P

Association of Magnesium Status with Poor Glycemic Control and Microangiopathic Complications (Neuropathy and Nephropathy) in Diabetic Patients in Dakar

Low serum magnesium level has been shown to be associated with diabetes mellitus and its complications. The objective of this study was to determine the magnesium status in our study population and its association with glycemic control and microangiopathic complications particularly neuropathy and nephropathy. This was a cross sectional and prospective study conducted among patients received as part of their follow-up at the Marc Sankale center of the Abass Ndao hospital in Dakar. For each patient, blood samples and 24h urine collection were performed. Hypomagnesemia was defined for Mg concentrations <17 mg/L and statistical analysis was performed using the XLSTAT 2018 software. A total of 106 diabetic patients were enrolled consisting of 93 type 2 diabetics and 13 type 1 diabetics. Eighty percent of patients had hypomagnesemia compared to 20% who had normal magnesium levels. We found a significantly higher mean HbA1c level in the group of hypomagnesemic patients compared to patients with normal magnesium levels (p = 0.02) and significant negative correlation between magnesium and HbA1c (r = - 0.20, p = 0.03). The frequencies of neuropathy and nephropathy were comparable between the two groups with respectively p = 0.12 and p = 0.28. Our study shows a high frequency of hypomagnesemia in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and a significant correlation of this hypomagnesemia with poor glycemic control. No association has been found between magnesium and the microangiopathic complications, but it nevertheless alerts clinicians to the possible need for magnesium supplementation in the management of diabetic patients.

ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION;

Objective: This descriptive case series study evaluates the frequency ofhypomagnesemia in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patients and methods: Thismultidisciplinary conducted at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad and a private hospitalHyderabad from May 2010 to October 2010. All patients diagnosed as acute myocardialinfarction were further evaluated for type of myocardial infarction and serum magnesium level.Results: Out of 100 diabetic patients, 77 were males and 23 patients were females. The meanage and standard deviation of patients of male and female was 54.78 ± 8.82 (SD) and 53.64 ±10.82 (SD), respectively. The mean ± SD for serum magnesium in overall subjects was 1.24±0.48. Regarding the type of AMI inferior wall in 22 (29%), lateral wall in 17 (22%), anteroseptal in12 (16%), anterolateral -V1 in 07(09%), right ventricular in 10 (13%) and posterior wall in 07 (09%).The mean duration of acute MI in male and female population was 8.71±6.73 hours and17.70±14.57 hours (p&lt;0.01) where as the mean duration of acute MI in hypomagnesemic andnormomagnesemic patient was 5.16±2.49 hours and 26.60±8.27 (p = 0.02) respectively. Themean serum magnesium level in male as well as female population was 1.32 ±0.21 mg/dl and1.46± 0.53 mg/dl p = 0.05, respectively. Regarding the hypomagnesemia in male and femalepopulation was 34(75.6%) and 16(53.3%) p=0.04, respectively. The hypomagnesemia was morepredominant in inferior 18(36.0%) and lateral 16 (32.0%) wall MI. Conclusions: Thehypomagnesemia was observed in patients with acute myocardial infarction with statisticalsignificance