Frequency Of Forgetting Research Articles

Yoga for prevention of cognitive decline in older women with cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive decline.

AbstractBackgroundYoga may produce positive effects on cognitive functions in older adults at risk for cognitive decline. In this study (NCT03503669), we investigated neural and peripheral biomarkers therapeutic response in older women with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and cerebrovascular risk factors (CVRFs) following three months of yoga compared to memory enhancement training (MET).MethodWe conducted a randomized, controlled trial to assess the efficacy of Kundalini yoga (YOGA) and memory enhancement training (MET) on mood and cognitive functioning in a group of older women with CVRFs and SCD. RNA sequencing and cytokine/chemokine assays were analyzed as well as a multimodal MRI (Siemens 3T Prisma scanner).ResultA total of 79 patients (YOGA = 40; MET = 39) were randomized and 63 completed the 24‐week follow‐up (Mean age = 66.5 years and mean MMSE was 28.4). At 12‐weeks and 24‐weeks, both interventions demonstrated improvement in frequency of forgetting (MFQ‐Factor 1) (F(1, 76) = 0.2, p = 0.7). At 24‐weeks, YOGA participants demonstrated between‐ and within‐groups improvements in seriousness of forgetting/MFQ‐Factor 2 (effect size (95% confidence interval) = ‐0.73 (‐1.26, ‐0.19)). Compared to MET, at 12‐ and 24‐weeks follow‐up, YOGA uniquely modulated targets related to interferon signaling and innate and adaptive immunity. Compared to YOGA, MET participants displayed higher Eotaxin‐1 levels (F(2,67) = 3.94, p = 0.02). On sMRI‐Compared to KY + KK, MET showed reductions in GMV in left prefrontal, pre‐ and post‐central, supramarginal, superior temporal and pericalcarine cortices, right paracentral, postcentral, superior and inferior parietal cortices. Right hippocampal volume increased after yoga. rs‐fMRI analysis showed a left anterior hippocampal subregion assigned to the default mode network (DMN) with greater increases in connectivity with largely ventral visual stream regions with YOGA than with MET (p<.001), in associations with lower stress (p<.05).ConclusionAt 24‐weeks follow‐up, YOGA yielded a significant, large effect size improvement in subjective cognitive impairment, and a robust mediation of inflammatory‐immune pathways, including suppression of pro‐inflammatory molecules. YOGA also offered neuroprotective effects compared to MET. These results suggest clinical, neural and biological benefits to YOGA for SCD in post‐menopausal women at risk for AD.

Subjective impacts of computerized cognitive training for healthy older adults in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

Computerized cognitive training programs may have benefited the self-assessment of memory, quality of life, and mood among older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To determine the subjective impacts of computerized cognitive training on mood, frequency of forgetfulness, memory complaints, and quality of life in the elderly using an online platform. In total, 66 elderly participants of USP 60 + , a program for the elderly offered by Universidade de São Paulo, who voluntarily enrolled in the study were selected and randomized with an allocation ratio of 1:1 into 2 groups: the training group (n = 33) and the control group (n = 33). After signing the free and informed consent form, they answered a protocol which included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Memory Complaints Questionnaire (MAC-Q), the McNair and Kahn's Frequency of Forgetfulness Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), and the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure (CASP-19) questionnaire. The training cognitive game platform aimed to stimulate various cognitive aspects, including memory, attention, language, executive functions (reasoning, logical thinking), and visual and spatial skills. The participants of the training group showed a reduction in the MAC-Q, MacNair and Kahn, and GAI scores in the pre- and posttest comparison. Significant differences were identified between the groups regarding the total scores of the MAC-Q in the post-test, which was also evidenced by the logistic regression. Participation in a computerized cognitive intervention promoted reductions in memory complaints, frequency of forgetfulness, and anxiety symptoms, in addition to improving self-reported quality of life.

Metamemory functioning and memory strategies used among medical students.

Metamemory can be described as an intentional endeavor to guide or control one's memory processes. In other words, awareness and knowledge of one's own memory process and strategies for using the memories effectively. Planning, allocating cognitive resources, selecting strategies, assessing understanding, and evaluating performance all rely heavily on metamemorial information. For efficient learning, good memory abilities are necessary. This study aimed to understand metamemory functioning and to see if there were any gender differences in metamemory functioning among medical students. This cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting data from 350 medical students using the Memory Functioning Questionnaire in 2021. The sample group was selected from medical colleges in South India such as Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh using a purposive sampling technique. This questionnaire focused on the seriousness of forgetting, the rate at which people recalled things over time, and frequency of use of mnemonics and techniques that assist memory. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, correlation, and regression were used for analysis. There was a significant difference based on gender among medical students in general memory functioning and frequency of forgetting (P < 0.001). Similarly, it was also found that gender was a major predictor of general memory functioning and frequency of forgetting among medical students (P < 0.001). Most medical students believe they have a minor memory issue. Even if the majority of medical students forget information, the vast majority of them believe they have an exceptional memory. Gender acts as a significant predictor of general memory performance and forgetfulness.

Sedentary Behavior, Sleep Quality, and Subjective Memory Function in Middle-Aged Adults

The visible impact of the SDoHs on health and behavioral health as well as health disparities among minority populations is heightened due to COVID-19. One group about which little is known in relation to SDoHs is the older Korean immigrant population in the U.S. To examine the impact of SDoHs on the health, mental health, and health care utilization, a systematic review of studies focused on SDoHs for this population was conducted. Using multiple indexing terms, databases were searched for articles published in English between January 1, 2011 and December 2020. Articles were included in the search if they examined social determinants of health of older Korean immigrants defined as foreign-born Koreans aged 60 or older who live in the United States regardless of citizenship or legal immigration status. A total of 1090 articles were identified in the search. A review of abstracts for inclusion criteria resulted in 118 articles for review. Seventy-one articles were excluded during the review process. A total of 47 articles met inclusion criteria and were evaluated. The review revealed that SDoHs, including education level, financial resources, access to health insurance, level of acculturation and level of social support, influenced cognitive status, depressive symptoms, health status and quality of life. These findings validate the need for interventions to address the social care needs of older Korean immigrants and can be used to identify the role of social workers in addressing the SDoHs that result in health disparities for older Korean immigrants.

Self‐report of seriousness of forgetting predicts objective memory ability in older adults with subjective cognitive decline

AbstractBackgroundPrevious work in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) suggests that subjective memory and other cognitive concerns are more likely to be associated with mood or anxiety, rather than objective memory performance, but the overall literature is inconsistent. In the current study, subjective memory profiles were characterized to examine differences amongst SCD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults and to determine their association with mood, anxiety, and objective memory in SCD.MethodsParticipants were 33 MCI [17F, age 72.3(SD6.7)], 71 SCD [49F, age 71.1(SD6.3)] and 42 CU [27F, age 70.6(SD6.8)] free of lifetime history of psychiatric illness and neurological conditions. They completed the Memory Functioning Questionnaire (MFQ), a measure of subjective memory according to Frequency of Forgetting (FF), Seriousness of Forgetting (SF), Retrospective Functioning (RF), and Mnemonics Usage (MU), with higher scores indicating better subjective memory; as well as Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) and NEO Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI). Multivariate ANOVA was used to examine group differences in MFQ, followed by post hoc comparisons using Dunnett’s test. Relationships between MFQ and mood and anxiety measures within groups were assessed using Pearson’s correlation. Linear regression modelling with subjective memory and mood/anxiety as predictors of performance on the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) was conducted in SCD.ResultsGroups differed in total MFQ, FF, and SF, with total MFQ reduced in MCI and SCD. However, FF and SF were decreased in MCI and SCD respectively. SF was inversely associated with NEO‐FF neuroticism in CN, and with HAI in MCI participants. Within SCD, both SF and FF were inversely associated with NEO‐FFI neuroticism, HAI, STAI‐trait, and GDS. Further, SF, but neither FF nor any mood or anxiety measure, predicted CVLT immediate and long delayed recall in SCD.ConclusionsConsistent with previous research, perception of poorer subjective memory was correlated with greater anxiety and depression symptoms in SCD. Despite these associations, subjective memory, as characterized by perceived seriousness of memory slips, was predictive of objective memory in SCD. These findings highlight the need to better understand the phenomenology of subjective memory in SCD.

White Matter Hyperintensities and Apolipoprotein E Affect the Association Between Mean Arterial Pressure and Objective and Subjective Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) show a robust relationship with arterial pressure as well as objective and subjective cognitive functioning. In addition, APOE ɛ4 carriership may influence how arterial pressure affects cognitive functioning. Objective: To determine the role of region-specific WMH burden and APOE ɛ4 carriership on the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cognitive function as well as subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Methods: The sample consisted of 87 cognitively unimpaired middle-aged to older adults aged 50–85. We measured WMH volume for the whole brain, anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), forceps minor, and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). We examined whether WMH burden mediated the relationship between MAP and cognition (i.e., TMT-A score for processing speed; Stroop performance for executive function) as well as SCD (i.e., Frequency of Forgetting (FoF)), and whether APOE ɛ4 carriership moderated that mediation. Results: WMH burden within SLF mediated the effect of MAP on Stroop performance. Both whole brain and ATR WMH burden mediated the effect of MAP on FoF score. In the MAP–WMH–Stroop relationship, the mediation effect of SLF WMH and the effect of MAP on SLF WMH were significant only in APOE ɛ4 carriers. In the MAP–WMH–FoF relationship, the effect of MAP on whole brain WMH burden was significant only in ɛ4 carriers. Conclusion: WMH burden and APOE genotype explain the link between blood pressure and cognitive function and may enable a more accurate assessment of the effect of high blood pressure on cognitive decline and risk for dementia.

Depression Complicates the Relationship Between Subjective Memory Complaints and Memory in Older Adults

Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are self-reported changes in memory performance and may indicate prospective dementia. Cognitive function and depressive symptoms are negatively correlated; however, depression’s influence on the relationship between SMCs and cognition is unclear. Data were drawn from the Long Beach Longitudinal Study, a three-panel study of community-dwelling older adults from southern California who were assessed every three years. The present study included participants ages 54-89 who completed a 20-item immediate recall task at each wave and the Memory Functioning Questionnaire Frequency of Forgetting (FOF) subscale, a measure of SMC, on 2+ occasions from 1994-2014 (n=788; Mage=73 years at baseline, Meduc=15 years). Higher FOF scores indicated fewer memory complaints. Depression was measured as the average Geriatric Depression Scale score across occasions. Bivariate linear latent growth models over age adjusted for age, sex, and education (covariates associated with cognition). The SMC and recall slopes were positively correlated (parameter estimate=1.40; p<0.05). After controlling for depression, the slope-slope correlation was not significant (parameter estimate=0.83; p=0.127). However, after removing cognitively-relevant items from the Geriatric Depression Scale then adjusting for depression, the SMC slope-recall slope correlation trended toward significance (parameter estimate=0.99; p=0.070) suggesting that the cognitively relevant items were confounding the slope-slope correlation. These findings indicate that depression impacts the relationship between SMC and objective memory over age; therefore, depression may limit the clinical utility of SMCs as a cognitive screening measure. Future studies should assess depression using scales devoid of cognitive items to differentiate its influence on subjective and objective memory performance.

Longitudinal evaluation of perceived stress and memory complaints in the Einstein Aging Study

ABSTRACT Background Perceived stress decreases memory performance and escalates the risk of developing cognitive impairment. Despite these concerning cognitive outcomes, longitudinal assessment of the relationship between perceived stress and memory complaints within a racially diverse sample remains scant. Method 391 cognitively intact older adults (M = 77.31, SD = 4.75) from the Einstein Aging Study were measured annually for up to nine years. Memory complaint items included self-reported frequency of forgetfulness, one-year memory decline, and 10-year memory decline. Multilevel models examined between-person and within-person associations between perceived stress and memory complaints while controlling for demographic differences and neuroticism. Results Strong between-person associations emerged such that older adults with generally higher perceived stress were more likely to report memory complaints, and vice versa. No significant concurrent within-person associations emerged. One lagged association emerged showing that within-person increases in perceived stress translated to a higher likelihood of reporting 10-year memory decline at the next annual screening. Conclusion Older adults with higher perceived stress are at risk for memory complaints over time. Further research into the relationship between perceived stress and memory complaints is necessary to augment our understanding of how risk factors of cognitive decline present throughout the aging process.

Early Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment With In-Home Sensors to Monitor Behavior Patterns in Community-Dwelling Senior Citizens in Singapore: Cross-Sectional Feasibility Study.

BackgroundDementia is a global epidemic and incurs substantial burden on the affected families and the health care system. A window of opportunity for intervention is the predementia stage known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Individuals often present to services late in the course of their disease and more needs to be done for early detection; sensor technology is a potential method for detection.ObjectiveThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to establish the feasibility and acceptability of utilizing sensors in the homes of senior citizens to detect changes in behaviors unobtrusively.MethodsWe recruited 59 community-dwelling seniors (aged >65 years who live alone) with and without MCI and observed them over the course of 2 months. The frequency of forgetfulness was monitored by tagging personal items and tracking missed doses of medication. Activities such as step count, time spent away from home, television use, sleep duration, and quality were tracked with passive infrared motion sensors, smart plugs, bed sensors, and a wearable activity band. Measures of cognition, depression, sleep, and social connectedness were also administered.ResultsOf the 49 participants who completed the study, 28 had MCI and 21 had healthy cognition (HC). Frequencies of various sensor-derived behavior metrics were computed and compared between MCI and HC groups. MCI participants were less active than their HC counterparts and had more sleep interruptions per night. MCI participants had forgotten their medications more times per month compared with HC participants. The sensor system was acceptable to over 80% (40/49) of study participants, with many requesting for permanent installation of the system.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that it was both feasible and acceptable to set up these sensors in the community and unobtrusively collect data. Further studies evaluating such digital biomarkers in the homes in the community are needed to improve the ecological validity of sensor technology. We need to refine the system to yield more clinically impactful information.

SOMATIC COMPLAINTS, A KEY FACTOR OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH SUBJECTIVE MEMORY

Prior research found depressive symptoms and subjective memory to be associated with objective memory (OM) performance. One key factor of subjective memory, as measured by the Memory Functioning Questionnaire (MFQ), is General Frequency of Forgetting (GFF). However, few studies focused on identifying specific factors of depressive symptoms when examining associations between depressive symptoms, subjective memory and OM. Using structural equation modeling, cross-sectional associations of factors in the CES-D (depressive symptoms) to the MFQ (subjective memory) and OM were investigated in the Seattle Longitudinal Study (mean Age=72.39; SD=8.28; mean Education=15.12; SD=2.76; 58.4% female). Differential associations of the CES-D factors with the MFQ factors [n=389; RMSEA=.031; CFI=.973; TLI=.966] and the GFF subscales [n=389; RMSEA=.033; CFI=.971; TLI=.964] resulted. Only the CES-D somatic complaints factor was significantly associated with the GFF factor (β= -.45, p <.001), suggesting that people with more somatic complaints reported more memory concerns. The CES-D somatic complaints factor was negatively associated with the frequency of forgetting in daily life (β=-.36, p< .001) and forgetting while reading subscales (β= -.33, p < .001), indicating individuals that reported more somatic complaints experienced more frequent memory failures when performing daily activities and reading. Overall, a key CES-D factor, somatic complaints, emerged as influential to subjective memory, whereas there was no relation to OM. Further study of the longitudinal associations between the CES-D factors and subjective and objective memory is essential to determine the potential impact on memory deficits.

Enhancing memory self-efficacy during menopause through a group memory strategies program.

Anxiety about memory during menopause can affect quality of life. We aimed to improve memory self-efficacy during menopause using a group memory strategies program. The program was run five times for a total of 32 peri- and postmenopausal women, age between 47 and 60 years, recruited from hospital menopause and gynecology clinics. The 4-week intervention consisted of weekly 2-hour sessions, and covered how memory works, memory changes related to ageing, health and lifestyle factors, and specific memory strategies. Memory contentment (CT), reported frequency of forgetting (FF), use of memory strategies, psychological distress, and attitude toward menopause were measured. A double-baseline design was applied, with outcomes measured on two baseline occasions (1-month prior [T1] and in the first session [T2]), immediately postintervention (T3), and 3-month postintervention (T4). To describe changes in each variable between time points paired sample t tests were conducted. Mixed-effects models comparing the means of random slopes from T2 to T3 with those from T1 to T2 were conducted for each variable to test for treatment effects. Examination of the naturalistic changes in outcome measures from T1 to T2 revealed no significant changes (all Ps > 0.05). CT, reported FF, and use of memory strategies improved significantly more from T2 to T3, than from T1 to T2 (all Ps < 0.05). Neither attitude toward menopause nor psychological distress improved significantly more postintervention than during the double-baseline (all Ps > 0.05). Improvements in reported CT and FF were maintained after 3 months. The use of group interventions to improve memory self-efficacy during menopause warrants continued evaluation.

SP4-3 The possibilities of the symptom through the continue usage of wireless communicating devices among the population

The human brain and the way in which it stores and retrieves information is a subject of debate and speculation. There are many possible causes of memory loss or forgetfulness;...

MEMORY TRAINING IN THE COMMUNITY: EVALUATIONS BY PARTICIPANTS AND EFFECTS ON METAMEMORY

This study examined 129 participants in seven types of memory training programs in Belgium. It was found that more than half of the subjects participated because they felt their memory was deteriorating or because they were afraid of memory deterioration. After completion of the program, subjects rated the training as being somewhat too short, as useful for their daily lives, as very pleasant, and as being of adequate difficulty. Almost all subjects indicated they would like to take part in a follow‐up training program. Forty‐one percent of the subjects indicated increased memory awareness as the main effect; other effects often cited included the discovery that subjects were not the only ones with complaints, increased knowledge of memory functioning, and the possibility for self‐development. However, no pre‐to‐posttraining effect could be found on scales of the Memory Functioning Questionnaire, except for a small (but significant) increase in self‐reported frequency of forgetting.