Frequency Of Female Sexual Dysfunction Research Articles

Comparison of sexual functions in women with and without type 1 diabetes.

This study aimed to investigate female sexual function in patients with type 1 diabetes by comparing female sexual function index scores between women with and without type 1 diabetes. A total of 62 women with type 1 diabetes and 69 age-matched women without diabetes but with similar backgrounds were enrolled in the patient and control groups, respectively. All participants were sexually active and had no systemic diseases other than diabetes in the patient group. The frequency of female sexual dysfunction was significantly higher, and the mean female sexual function index score was significantly lower in women with diabetes compared to the control group (p=0.01). There was a significant relationship between sexual dysfunction and duration of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin test, and body mass index (p<0.05). This study demonstrates that female sexual dysfunction is more common among women with type 1 diabetes than among women without type 1 diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes should be evaluated in terms of sexual health. Health professionals should give more attention to and provide guidance regarding sexual function in women with type 1 diabetes.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic-related quarantine on female sexual behavior: a cross-sectional study in China

To investigate the impact and factors of home quarantine life on women’s sexual lives and behaviors in different areas of China and analyze the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed adult women who had a regular sexual life (including regular masturbation) and had been isolated at home for at least one month during the COVID-19 outbreak using online questionnaires. This survey recovered 678 complete questionnaires after screening. According to the findings, the overall score of the Female Sexual Function Inventory (FSFI) during the pandemic was 21.98 ± 6.38, the frequency of FSD was 61.9%, and the frequencies of FSD in Shanghai, Nanjing, and Ningxia were 60.6%, 75.2%, and 52.2%, respectively. The frequency of FSFI scores and other specific items (Desire, Arousal, Lubrication, Orgasm, Satisfaction, and Pain) varied significantly across the three regions (P < 0.05). The overall frequency of FSD in the masturbation population was 34.4%, which was lower than the frequency of FSD in women having paired sexual intercourse (60.1%) (p < 0.05). Further analysis revealed that the occurrence of FSD during the pandemic was related to different age stages, menopause, mode of delivery, level of anxiety and depression, and sexual lifestyles. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact on people’s spiritual and sexual lives, which are caused by multiple different variables related to both the individual and the environment. We should emphasize the importance of sexual health in epidemics, and having a harmonious and stable sex life will help us survive the boring life of isolation.

Female sexual dysfunction in patients with urinary incontinence and lower urinary tract symptoms.

This study was conducted to determine the frequency of female sexual dysfunction in patients with urinary incontinence and lower urinary tract symptoms (UI/LUTS). Female patients between 18 and 60 years of age with lower urinary tract symptoms for more than three months were included and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire was administered. Ninety-seven patients with mean age of 48±12.61 years were included in this cross sectional study. Median FSFI score of our patients was 46 (IQR34-58). Moderate to severe effect of urinary symptoms on sexual life was reported by 71 (73%) patients. When patients with sexual dysfunction (FSFI<27) were compared with those without sexual dysfunction (FSFI>27) there was no difference in age, parity, menopausal status or severity of LUTS between the two groups. We conclude that sexual dysfunction is common among female patients presenting with LUTS irrespective of age, menopausal status or severity of LUTS.

Female sexual dysfunction among married women in the Gaza Strip: an internet-based survey.

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Since sexual function is an important element of human life, sexual dysfunction may negatively affect the quality of life for both males and females. It is a widespread public health problem that is inadequately studied in the Arab world.OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and associated factors in all women who sought reproductive health services in the community and who were in an active sexual relationship.DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey.SETTING: Community.SUBJECT AND METHODS: Married Palestinian women living in the Gaza strip in Palestine who were aged from 18-60 years old and could use the internet volunteered to participate during routine health visits. We used the Arabic version of the Female Sexual Function Index, which is comprised of six domains: desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain. The data were analyzed descriptively and by univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Frequency of FSD and association with demographic, socioeconomic and clinical factors.SAMPLE SIZE: 385 married women.RESULTS: The prevalence of FSD was 61% (n=235). Of those, 26.4% (101/385) had desire disorder, 20.2% (47/235) had arousal disorder, 18.4% (101/385) had orgasm disorder, 6.7% (26/385), 79% (304/385), and 21.2% (82/385) had lubricant disorder, pain disorder, and satisfaction, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that independent factors associated with FSD were parity (OR: 2.068; CI 95%: 1.047–3.985; P<.05), marriage dissatisfaction (OR: 6.299; CI 95%: 2.879–13.781; P<.001), and living in stressful conditions (OR: 2.181; CI 95%: 1.380–3.448; P<.001). There was no evidence of statistically significant associations between FSD and polygamy, intercourse frequency, wife's age, wife's job, husband's age, husband's job, education, abortion history, number of children, marital duration and using of family planning methods.CONCLUSION: FSD was common in women participating in our survey. More research on the effect of sexual dysfunction on quality of life is recommended as well as research on the awareness of the presence of dysfunction in women.LIMITATION: The use of an internet survey was the major limitation of the study. Findings may not be generalizable. Further studies are needed to include women who do not have internet access.CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

FEMALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION IN WOMEN OF DIFFERENT REPRODUCTIVE AGE

Decreased sexual attraction in women are related to female sexual dysfunction, which has a direct effect on both the health status of a woman and its role in society.Аim of the study: to study the factors contributing to the formation of female sexual dysfunction in different periods of reproductive age.Material and methods of research. Study design: analysis of a survey of 100 women of different reproductive age. The diagnosis of the examined “Violation of female sexual desire / arousal” according to the DSM-5 classification. The time of clinical manifestation of sexual dysfunction is> 6 months. Statistical data processing was performed using the STATISTICA for WINDOWS software package (version 5.5). To process the data of the obtained results, Microsoft Excell 7.0 was used.The results and discussion. The study found that there is a direct negative correlation between age and frequency of female sexual dysfunction r -0.47. Symptoms of vaginal dysfunction are not specific to women with FSD.Conclusions. For the early diagnosis of urogenital dystrophy (dyspareunia, dryness), it is necessary to begin a comprehensive examination of women with an emphasis on the age characteristics of the patterns found. The presence of a high frequency of depressive disorders in women with sexual dysfunction in the active reproductive age indicates the need for counseling and timely treatment by a neuropathologist and the appointment of complex therapy. For women of late reproductive age, it is important to establish the etiology of the pain syndrome, so special attention should be paid to the study of blood microcirculation in the pelvic organs, the identification of pathology that contributes to the pathological innervation of the lumbosacral spine.

Prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in Damietta governorate

Aim: to assess the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction among women of Damietta governorate Patients and methods: 500 randomly selected sexually active non-pregnant married women at age 18 – 45 years from outpatient clinics of Al-Azhar University Hospital were subjected to filling out the Arabic validated FSFI. Results: The frequency of female sexual dysfunction among women of Damietta Governorate was 62% of participants. There was a statistically significant difference between women with female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and women without FSD in age, age of marriage and education level (P<.0001). Also, women not working were at higher risk to get FSD (P<.001) with the significant impact of socioeconomic level on having FSD. Also, we reported a statistically significant difference between women with FSD and women without FSD in the mode of delivery and women used IUD &72.6% had a history of circumcision. There was a statistically significant difference between women with FSD vs women without in mean score of desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain as women with FSD showed less score in all domains compared to women without the disease. Conclusion: FSD was a significant health problem in Damietta that needs to be investigated more deeply and assessing associated risk factors. Low rate of overt complaints regarding sexual problems among Egyptian women does not indicate lack of sexual interest but reflects cultural factors such as shyness, embarrassment, reluctances of the women and lack of physicians’ awareness which lead to inadequate identification and management of such problems.

Frequency and Correlates of Sexual Dysfunction among Women Attending Outpatient Gynecological Clinics

Background and purpose: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a high-frequent multifactorial problem and may have a major effect on the quality of life. This study was conducted to investigate frequency of female sexual dysfunction and its correlated factors in women attending outpatient gynecological clinics.Methods: A total of 300 married women attending four gynecological outpatient clinics in Rasht, Iran were assessed. Sexual function was evaluated through Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. Demographic characteristics, obstetric and surgical history, some medical conditions and body mass index (BMI), life style variants, knowledge about sexuality, and help-seeking behavior were assessed by a self-created questionnaire. Statistical analysis included Fisher exact test Chi-square and Spearman’s correlation coefficients.Results: 76.67% of all women in this study reported sexual dysfunction in at least one domain. The total frequency of FSD according to the low total FSFI score was 18.3%. The most frequent dysfunction was desire disorders (63.7%). The frequencies of other sexual disorders were as follows: pain disorders (35.7%), arousal disorders (34.7%), orgasmic disorders (16%), lubrication disorders (10.7%), and satisfaction disorders (10.7%). Age, number of deliveries, number of children, number of abortions, menopause, mode of delivery, episiotomy, anemia, psychiatric disease, psychotropic medication use, poor sexual knowledge, and husband’s age showed a significant statistical correlation with low total FSFI score. Women who thought they had a sexual problem involved 15.3% of all subjects, of which 67.4% have had no professional consultation about it.Conclusion: FSD is highly frequent in women referred to gynecological clinics. Thus, more attention to the state of women’s sexual health is recommended.

Quality of Life, Anxiety, Depression and Sexual Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Intestinal Diseases

BACKGROUND: "Quality of life" (QoL) has been emphasized to assess the impact of a disease and its treatment in the patient's life. The QoL of chronic patients is significantly impaired, and it can lead to psychological and social changes, engendering anxiety, depression and other injuries, including sexual dysfunction. The aim of this study is to compare the QoL, the presence of anxious and depressive symptoms, the frequency of female sexual dysfunction and erectile dysfunction, and patient's self-esteem in the following groups: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), Functional Bowel Disorders (FBD), Colon Cancer (CC) and Control Group (CG). METHODS: Cross-sectional study with specific questionnaires application, approved in the Research Ethics Committee (n.1.356.518). Ninety-nine patients with IBD (43 with Ulcerative Colitis and 56 with Crohn's Disease), 35 with FBD (20 with Chronic Constipation and 13 with Irritable Bowel Syndrome), 33 with CC and 150 healthy controls were interviewed. The SF-36 questionnaire was used to evaluate the Quality of Life, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess the presence of anxiety and depression, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale to study the patients' self-esteem, the International Index of Erectile Function to evaluate the erectile dysfunction and the Female Sexual Function Index to assess the female sexual dysfunction. Statistical: descriptive and association tests, p <0.05. RESULTS: The mean age was 38.89 (± 10.15) years in the IBD group; 46.77 (± 15.87) in FBD patients; 62.88 (± 11.46) years in the CC group and 36.26 (± 12.39) in the CG. There was a predominance of women in IBD (56.6%), in FBD (97.1%) and in control (67.33%) groups, p <0.0001. Men had a small predominance in the CC group (51.5%), p <0.0001. The quality of life was impaired in the FBD group, with a significant difference compared to IBD (p <0.001) and control groups (p <0.0001). The prevalence of anxiety was higher in FBD patients (77.1%) compared to IBD (47.5%), CC (34.4%) and CG (38.7%), P=0.0003 Depression prevalence was higher in FBD group (60%) compared to the others: CC (40.63%), IBD (24.2%) and CG (21.33%), P<0.0001. Patients had high self-esteem in the majority of cases: CG (96%), IBD (90.9%), CC (93.75%), except in FBD group (61.76%), P<0.0001. There was a high prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction in the sample: FBD (100%), CC (50%), IBD (27.9%) and CG (35.42%) with no difference among groups (P=0.19). The Female Sexual Dysfunction was more prevalent in CC group (100%) compared to the others FBD (66.67%), IBD (46.4%) and CG (33.33%), P<0.0001. CONCLUSION(S): Patients with FBD had a greater impairment in their quality of life compared to IBD and control groups, as well as a higher prevalence of mood disorders compared to patients with organic diseases and the CG. They also had lower rates of high self-esteem. The female sexual dysfunction was higher in CC compared to the others and no difference in erectile dysfunction rates between the groups was found.

Elevated free triiodothyronine may lead to female sexual dysfunction in Chinese urban women: A hospital-based survey

Research on female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is limited, especially in China, due to conservative culture and beliefs. There has been a dearth of FSD screening research in China since the optimal cutoff value of the Chinese version of the Female Sexual Function Index (CVFSFI) was determined in 2014. At the same time, the relationship between thyroid hormones and FSD has seldom been explored in Chinese women. Therefore, hospital-based research was conducted to elucidate FSD frequency and risk factors. Women who underwent a check-up at the Health Promotion Center were approached to participate and, if consented, were enrolled in the study. Demographic and socioeconomic data was extracted. All participants completed the CVFSFI and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) self-report questionnaires and underwent thyroid hormone tests. A total of 1119 participants were included in the final analysis, with a mean age of 38.6 ± 7.6 years and average CVFSFI score of 25.7 ± 3.9. The frequency of FSD among the participants in this hospital-based cross-sectional study was 26.5%. In addition to age, menopause, parity and depression status as risk factor, and annual income (40,000–100,000 RMB/year) and educational background (≥university) as protective factor, elevated free triiodothyronine (fT3) was identified as an independent risk factor of FSD.

Frequency, severity, and risk factors related to sexual dysfunction in Chinese women with T2D.

The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency and severity of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in those with T2D (T2D) compared with non-diabetic controls. In addition, risk factors for FSD were analyzed. Sexual dysfunction, measured using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), was evaluated using a questionnaire in 184 women with T2D and 146 non-diabetic controls at three study sites in China. In the T2D group, FSD was examined by education level, correlations between FSD and other variables were analyzed, and risk factors were studied. The frequency of FSD in the T2D group was 75.0%, much higher than in the control group (56.2%; P = 0.001). The severity of FSD in the T2D group was 17.84 ± 8.47 (mean ± SD), significantly lower than in the control group (21.14 ± 8.08; P = 0.001). In patients with T2D, being older (P = 0.001), taking oral antidiabetic medications (P = 0.013), and having diabetic neuropathy (P = 0.036) were risk factors for FSD. The rate of FSD is high in China and, as seen in the literature, more severe in diabetics than non-diabetics. Being older, taking oral antidiabetic medications, and diabetic neuropathy are risk factors for FSD.

Subclinical Hypothyroidism is not a Risk Factor for Female Sexual Dysfunction in Korean Middle-Aged Women.

Previous studies have suggested that subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with the risk of anxiety or depression and can affect quality of life. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and female sexual dysfunction. The study population consisted of sexually active middle-aged women (≥40 years old) who visited the center for health promotion and optimal aging at Seoul National University Hospital for a health check-up between 2010 and 2011. Sexual function was evaluated by the female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaire, and female sexual dysfunction was defined as a FSFI score of ≤26.55. FSFI scores and female sexual dysfunction frequencies were compared between cases with subclinical hypothyroidism and healthy controls. Nonparametric methods were used for statistical analysis. A total of 1086 women were included, and the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism and female sexual dysfunction was 138 (12.7%) and 741 (68.2%), respectively. The total FSFI score and the scores in each domain were not different between the two groups (median total FSFI score (interquartile range): 23.8 (20.2-27.5) for normal thyroid status vs. 24.4 (20.6-27.6) for subclinical hypothyroidism, p=n.s.). The frequency of female sexual dysfunction was not different between the two groups, either (68.4% for normal thyroid status vs. 67.4% for subclinical hypothyroidism, p=n.s.). These findings were consistent even after adjustment for confounding variables. Subclinical hypothyroidism is not a risk factor for sexual dysfunction in middle-aged women.

Acromegaly is associated with higher frequency of female sexual dysfunction: experience of a single center

The aim of the study was to assess female sexual dysfunction (FSD), quality of life and depression status in female patients with acromegaly. Fifty-seven sexually active female patients with acromegaly disease (21 controlled, 36 uncontrolled) monitored by Cerrahpasa Medical School, Endocrinology and Metabolism out-patient clinic and age and body mass index-matched 46 healthy female subjects were included in the study. Sexual functions and status of depression in both patient and control groups were evaluated by using the Female Sexual Function Index Form (FSFI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively. Quality of life was evaluated by using the Acromegaly Quality of Life (AcroQoL) Scale. Hormone levels were studied in the groups. The FSFI total score and desire, arousal, orgasm, and satisfaction domains in patients with acromegaly were significantly lower than in the healthy controls (p ≤ 0.0001). There was no difference between biochemically controlled and uncontrolled patients with acromegaly with respect to FSFI scores (p = 0.7). AcroQoL total score in female patients with controlled acromegaly and uncontrolled acromegaly were 46.33 ± 16.5% and 50.13 ± 18.21%, respectively (p = 0.53). The difference in BDI scores between controlled and uncontrolled acromegaly patients was not significant but they were significantly higher in the control group (p ≤ 0.0001). In the correlation analysis, a negative correlation was found between FSFI total and BDI score (r = -0.69, p< 0.001), age (r = -0.45, p< 0.001), and IGF-I (r = -0.28, p = 0.006). This study showed that sexual dysfunction and depression rates in female patients with acromegaly are higher than in healthy females.

Sexual Functioning and Distress among Premenopausal Women with Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes

Current studies indicate that women with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) have a high prevalence of sexual disorders although data on the prevalence of sexual dysfunction are limited when sexual distress is included. The frequency and the possible correlates of distressful sexual disorders in a highly selected group of type 1 diabetic women. The sexual function, sexual distress, and general health status were assessed in 44 premenopausal women with uncomplicated T1DM and 47 healthy controls, using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS), and the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). The impact of sexual distress on the frequency of female sexual dysfunction (FSD). The frequency of sexual disorders according to the FSFI was significantly higher in diabetic compared to control women (25% vs. 8.5%, respectively, P < 0.05). Diabetic women had significantly lower median (first to third quartile) total FSFI score compared to control group (30.55 [26.08-33.08] vs. 33.50 [30.70-34.30], P = 0.001). Desire, arousal, and satisfaction were the sexual domains significantly affected in the diabetic group. Diabetic women had significantly higher median (first to third quartile) FSDS score compared to control group (6.5 [2.3-15.8] vs. 4.0 [1.0-10.5] P = 0.043). FSD (combined pathological FSFI and FSDS scores) was present in higher proportion of diabetic women (15.9%) compared to controls (2.1%) (P = 0.020). GHQ-28 score was comparable between the groups. However, in the diabetic group, FSD was related with anxiety, depression, and low educational level. Diabetes-related factors were not associated with FSD. Pre-menopausal women with uncomplicated T1DM have significantly higher frequency of FSD compared to healthy controls, when the criterion of sexual distress is included. Psychosomatic and contextual factors implicated in sexual distress are correlates of FSD.

Does Metabolic Syndrome Impair Sexual Function in Middle‐ to Old‐Aged Women?

To date, there are few studies dealing with the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS) on female sexual function, and the association between MS and female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in middle- to old-aged women remains unclear. To evaluate the impact of MS on sexual function in middle- to old-aged women. From May 2009 to January 2010, we performed a cross-sectional study of sexually active women (≥ 40 years old) who visited a health-screening clinic. Comprehensive history taking, anthropometric measurement, laboratory testing, and questionnaire administration were performed for each of the total 773 women enrolled. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used to assess the key dimensions of female sexual function. The median age of enrolled subjects was 48 (40-65) years, and the rates of MS and FSD were 12.2% (94/773) and 54.7% (423/773), respectively. We found that the demographics of women with and without MS (P < 0.05) differed significantly from one another in terms of age, menopausal status, body mass index, educational status, household income, and urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms, although their frequency of FSD was similar (52.1% vs. 55.1%). After adjusting clinical confounders, we found that only the pain domain score was significantly different between women with MS and without MS, while the total FSFI score and other constituent domain scores showed little difference between the two groups. However, in the multivariate logistic regression model, MS and most of its components were not associated with FSD; only age, menopausal status, smoking, depression, and symptomatic UI proved to be independent risk factors for FSD (P < 0.05). Our study suggests that MS may have little impact on sexual function in middle- to old-aged women. Further studies with population-based and longitudinal design should be conducted to confirm this finding.

Opioid Analgesics Suppress Male Gonadal Function, but Opioid Use in Men and Women Does Not Correlate with Symptoms of Sexual Dysfunction

Opioid analgesia impairs gonadal function in men and women, but the correlation with symptoms and hormonal measurements of hypogonadism is not well established. To determine the frequency of impaired gonadal function in men and women using opioids for chronic pain, and to determine the correlation of symptoms with hormonal measurements of gonadal function. A prospective study of patients attending a multidisciplinary pain clinic was conducted. A total of 65 women (47 opioid users and 18 nonopioid analgesic controls) and 32 men (26 opioid users and six controls) were enrolled. Histories of sexual dysfunction and hormonal testing (men: total testosterone [TT], free testosterone [FT], prolactin and luteinizing hormone; women: FT, TT, prolactin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, sex hormone- binding globulin, progesterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle- stimulating hormone, and estradiol) were obtained. In men, a low FT level was more common in opioid users (20⁄26; P=0.04). In men with abnormal hormone levels, there was no difference in the frequency of sexual dysfunction compared with men with normal hormone levels, and no difference in the frequency of opioid versus nonopioid use. In women, opioid users had lower FT levels (P=0.02). Low dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate was more frequent in women on opioids (P=0.03) in the menopausal group only (P=0.046). Premenopausal women taking opioids more frequently had a low TT level (P=0.03). The frequency of female sexual dysfunction was the same in opioid users (32⁄47) and controls (13⁄18; P=0.75), and also did not relate to any hormone abnormality. Men taking opioids had lower FT and higher prolactin levels, and women taking opioids had lower FT levels. Frequency of sexual dysfunction did not correlate with hormone levels in either men or women taking opioids. Opioids frequently cause low FT levels in men, but there is no relationship between abnormal hormone levels and symptoms of sexual dysfunction. Therefore, all men should be screened for low FT levels. Women on opioids had lower FT levels, but this did not correlate with sexual dysfunction symptoms. Therefore, measurements of FT or other hormones were not considered to be useful in women.

Sexual dysfunction in obese and overweight women

Both overweight and obesity have been identified as risk factors for sexual dysfunction in men, but the relationship between sexual function and amount of body fat in females is still obscure. There are few reported studies in women assessing the relationship between female sexual function index (FSFI) and body weight. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) among obese and overweight women. A total of 45 obese and overweight and 30 age-matched voluntary healthy women serving as a control group were evaluated by a detailed medical and sexual history, including the FSFI questionnaire. Serum prolactin, cortisol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), dehydroepiandrosterone-SO(4) (DHEA-S), testosterone, estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were measured. No significant difference was observed between controls and patients in terms of the FSH, LH, estradiol, free thyroxine and thyrotropin (TSH), testosterone and DHEA-S levels. The comparison of total FSFI scores between patients and controls showed no significant difference (P=0.74). As the FSFI score of <or=26.55 indicated FSD, 86% of obese patients and 83% of controls were considered to have sexual dysfunction. The mean total FSFI score was 22.1+/-4.3 for obese patients and 23.1+/-3.7 for healthy women. FSFI scores were not correlated with any of the anthropometric measurements (body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and fat percent). The levels of total testosterone and DHEA-S were not correlated with total FSFI scores. We found a significant negative correlation between BMI and orgasm (P=0.007, r=-0.413). Satisfaction was also negatively correlated with BMI (P=0.05, r=-0.305) and weight (P=0.03, r=-0.326). Testosterone levels were negatively correlated with only satisfaction domain scores of FSFI (P=0.01, r=-0.385). We found that 86% of obese women and 83% of controls had sexual dysfunction. Although obesity does not seem to be a major contributor to sexual dysfunction, it affects several aspects of sexuality.

Sexual Dysfunction in Women With Type 1 Diabetes: Long-Term Findings From the DCCT/EDIC Study Cohort

Enzlin et al. (1) outline the high frequency of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) cohort. However, their data need further clarification. They say that the prevalence of FSD, at 35%, is moderately high for a population with …