Frequency Of Desaturation Events Research Articles

Care Bundle to Improve Oxygen Maintenance and Events.

This study was completed in a 46-bed neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), involving 246 staff members and led by a quality improvement team. The change interventions included implementing new practice guidelines, reviewing daily summaries of SpO2 maintenance, daily infant wellness assessment, standardizing workflow, and responding to SpO2 alarms. In addition, we collected staff satisfaction and compliance with change interventions, resource use, and morbidity and mortality data at discharge. The mean time spent WTR increased from 65.3% to 75.3%, and the frequency of desaturation events decreased from 25.1 to 16.5 events per patient day, respectively, with a higher magnitude of benefit in infants on days with supplemental oxygen. Postimplementation, the duration of high-frequency ventilation and supplemental oxygen were lower, but morbidity and mortality rates were similar. Staff satisfaction with training workshops, coaching, use of the infant wellness assessment tool, and SpO2 alarm management algorithms were 74%, 82%, 80%, and 74%, respectively. Implementing a care bundle to improve oxygen maintenance and reduce desaturation events increased the time spent WTR and reduced the frequency of desaturation events.

Epidural versus general anesthesia for open pyloromyotomy in infants: A retrospective observational study.

BackgroundThoracic epidural anesthesia for open infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis surgery is a controversial issue in the presence of little comparative data.AimsTo compare this approach to general anesthesia for desaturation events (≤90% oxygen saturation) and absolute values of minimal oxygen saturation, minimal heart frequency, operating‐room occupancy time, and durations of surgery in a retrospective study design.MethodsData were retrieved for patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis managed by thoracic epidurals under sedation or general anesthesia with rapid sequence induction between 01/2007 and 12/2017. Oxygen saturation and heart rate were analyzed over eight 5‐minutes intervals relative to the start of anesthesia / sedation (four‐time intervals) and before discharge of the patient from the operating room (four‐time intervals). Fisher's exact tests and mixed model two‐way analysis of variance for repeated measures were employed for intergroup comparisons.ResultsThe epidural and general anesthesia groups included 69 and 32 evaluable infants, respectively. Patients managed under epidural anesthesia had cumulatively higher minimimal mean (SD) oxygen saturation values (98.2 [2.6] % versus 96.6 [5.2] %, p < 0.001) and lower minimal mean (SD) heart rate values (127.9 [15.0] beats per minute versus 140.7 [17.2] beats per minute, p < 0.001) over time. Similarly, the frequency of desaturation events (defined as ≤90% oxygen saturation) was significantly lower for these patients during the period of 5 minutes after induction of sedation or general anesthesia (odds ratio 7.4 [2.1–25.9]; p = 0.001) and during the subsequent period of five minutes (odds ratio 6.2 [1.1–33.9]; p = 0.031). One case of prolonged respiratory weaning was observed in the general anesthesia group. The mean (SD) operating‐room occupancy was 61.9 (16.6) minutes for the epidural anesthesia group versus 73.3 (22.2) minutes for the general anesthesia group (p = 0.005) as a result of shorter emergence from sedation.ConclusionsIn our series, maintaining spontaneous breathing with minimal airway manipulation in patients undergoing open repair of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis under single‐shot epidural anesthesia resulted in fewer desaturation events ≤90% than general anesthesia. In addition, this approach seems to result in shorter turnover times in the operating room.

Prevalence and Predictors of Nocturia in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome - a Retrospective Study

To determine the prevalence and predictors of pathological nocturia (PN) in patients with OSAHS. Retrospective review of clinical and polysomnographic data obtained from patients evaluated at the Pulmonary Sleep Evaluation Center of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center between November 1998 and September 1999. PN was defined as two or more urination events per night. OSAHS was defined as Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) > or = 5. Group t-tests and Chi-square test were used to examine differences in subjects with and without PN. A multivariate approach utilizing logistic regression was performed to examine the relationships between polysomnographic variables [Arousal Index (ARI), AHI, Apnea-Hypopnea Time/Total Sleep Time x 100(%) (AHT/TST), % Total Sleep Time (TST)<90% Oxyhemoglobin Saturation (SPO2), nadir SPO2, Desaturation Event Frequency (average number of desaturations > 4% per hour sleep) (DEF)] and the presence of PN, while controlling for medical comorbidities. Data are expressed as mean + SD unless otherwise specified. Statistical significance was assessed at p < 0.05. n = 138 (50 females, 88 males), age: 49.7 +/- 12.3 years, BMI [Body Mass Index (kg/m2)]: 37.7 +/- 11.3. The overall prevalence of PN was 47.8%. The prevalence of PN was greater in females (60% vs. 40.9% in males). OSAHS patients with PN had a higher prevalence of peripheral edema, higher BMI, a greater %TST < 90% SPO2, lower nadir SPO2 and greater DEF. The logistic regression model indicated that age, ARI, AHI, AHT/TST, %TST < 90%, DEF were significant predictors of PN independent of BMI, neck circumference and medical comorbidities. Our data confirm that PN is common in OSAHS patients. The strongest predictors are age and selected polysomnographic variables reflecting OSAHS severity.

Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome

We evaluated the effect of non-invasive nocturnal ventilation with the bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilator in 12 overweight patients with verified obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and nocturnal hypercapnia. All patients exhibited subsequently less overnight CO₂ accumulation (p < 0.0001), the desaturation event frequency was reduced (p < 0.002), daytime O₂ tension rose (p < 0.001), daytime CO₂ tension was reduced (p < 0.01), and apnoeas were eliminated. All symptoms characterising the syndrome, when present at the beginning of the therapy, were eliminated during the treatment. Patient compliance was high. This study showed that OSAS patients with hypercapnia can be effectively treated by BiPAP ventilation during sleep.

Diagnosis of Sleep-Disordered Breathing by Half-Night Polysomnography

We hypothesized that sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), defined by the apnea index (AI), the apnea + hypopnea index (A + H/I), or the desaturation event frequency (number of desaturations greater than 5%/h slept) (DEF), could be diagnosed after less than full-night polysomnography (PSG). Forty-eight consecutive full-night PSG sessions were evaluated by separately analyzing the first half (PSG-1/2) and the total (PSG-T) sleep time: 134.42 +/- 35.7 and 277.15 +/- 56.5 min (mean +/- SD), respectively. PSG-1/2 and PSG-T were not different with respect to AI. The DEF was statistically but not clinically higher during PSG-1/2 (41.72 +/- 41 versus 37.95 +/- 35.8, p = 0.04). Sensitivities, specificities, and predictive values of each PSG-1/2 parameter were determined by comparing the values with those measured during PSG-T, using cutoff frequencies of both 5 and 10 events/h slept to define SDB. At a cutoff frequency of 10, sensitivities and positive predictive values were high for all PSG-1/2 parameters (range, 94.6 to 96.9%). The specificities of the DEF and AI during PSG-1/2 were also high (93.75 and 95%, respectively), but the negative predictive value of the DEF was substantially better (93.75 versus 83.3%). With SDB defined by 5 events/h slept, there also were high sensitivities (87.9 to 93%), positive predictive values (93.6 to 100%), and specificities (86.7 to 100%) for all parameters. Negative predictive values, however, were substantially reduced (62.5 to 76.5%). We conclude that PSG during 2 h of sleep is an appropriate method for evaluating SDB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

A Single-blind Study of Combined Pulse Oximetry and Capnography in Children

This single-blind study examined four levels of monitoring in 402 pediatric cases. Patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups: 1) oximeter and capnograph; 2) only oximeter; 3) only capnograph; or 4) neither oximeter nor capnograph data available to the anesthesia team. An anesthesiologist, not involved in patient care, observed all cases and continuously recorded hemoglobin oxygen saturation (Spo2), ECG, expired CO2, and the oximeter plethysmographic output. Mean age, weight, ASA physical status, airway management (mask or endotracheal tube), and anesthetic technique were similar in each group. Two-hundred sixty problems were documented in 153 patients. Fifty-nine events in 43 patients resulted in "major" desaturation (Spo2 less than or equal to 85% for greater than or equal to 30 s). Fifteen "major" capnograph events (esophageal intubation, disconnection, accidental extubation, or obstructed endotracheal tube) were observed in 11 patients; 8 of these also developed varying degrees of desaturation. One-hundred thirty "minor" desaturation events (Spo2 less than or equal to 95% for greater than 60 s) and 79 "minor" desaturation events (hypercarbaria or hypocarbia) were observed. A number of problems fulfilled criteria in multiple categories. Infants less than or equal to 6 months of age had the highest incidence of major desaturation events (18 of 65 [27%]) compared to toddlers 7-24 months of age or children greater than 24 months of age (P less than 0.001). Blinding the oximeter data increased the number of patients (12 vs. 31) experiencing major desaturation events (P = 0.003); blinding the capnograph data altered neither the frequency of desaturation events nor the incidence of major capnograph events.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)