Frequency Of Dental Anomalies Research Articles

Dental Anomalies and Genetic Polymorphisms as Predictors of Maxillofacial Growth in Individuals Born with Cleft Lip and Palate

Cleft lip and palate have a complex inheritance, and 90% of its variation in the population is due to genetic contributors. The impact of surgical procedures on maxillofacial growth is well known, but the interference of intrinsic factors in these growth outcomes is not elucidated. The present study aimed to analyze genetic polymorphisms and frequency of dental anomalies as predictors of maxillofacial growth in patients born with cleft lip with or without cleft palate. From a cohort of 537 individuals, operated on by the same surgeon, 121 were analyzed 2 times, to define changes in maxillary growth prognosis by occlusal scores in a minimum 4-y follow-up. In a second step, a subset of 360 individuals had maxillofacial growth outcomes evaluated using Wits, nasion perpendicular to point A, and occlusal scores. The markers MMP2 rs9923304, GLI2 rs3738880 and rs2279741, TGFA rs2166975, and FGFR2 rs11200014 and rs10736303 were genotyped, and frequency of dental anomalies and cleft severity were determined to define evidence of overrepresentation of alleles associated with maxillofacial growth outcomes. Age and age at primary surgical treatment, sex, and cleft laterality were variables adjusted in the analysis. We found an association between the frequency of dental anomalies and the maxillofacial growth in unilateral (P = 0.001) and bilateral (P = 0.03) individuals with clefts. MMP2 rs9923304 and maxillofacial growth were associated (P < 0.0001). There was also an association between GLI2 rs3738880 and TGFA rs2166975 and maxillary outcomes in individuals born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (P = 0.003 and P = 0.004, respectively), as well as between FGFR2 rs11200014 and maxillary outcomes regardless of cleft type (P = 0.005). Statistical evidence of an interaction between MMP2 rs9923304 and GLI2 rs3738880 was observed (P < 0.0001). Presence of dental anomalies and genetic variation in MMP2, GLI2, TGFA, and FGFR2 were associated with worse maxillofacial growth outcomes in individuals born with clefts.

Frequency of Dental Anomalies in Children with Primary and Mix Dentition: A Retrospective Radiographic Study

Frequency of Dental Anomalies in Children with Primary and Mix Dentition: A Retrospective Radiographic Study

THE ANALYSIS OF THE PREVALENCE OF DENTAL ANOMALIES IN UZHHOROD SCHOOLCHILDREN

The health of the oral cavity is an important component of the overall physical, mental and social well- being of each person. It is known that untimely detection and treatment of patients with dentoalveolar anomalies can lead not only to social maladaptation of this category of people but also to an increase in the risk of developing a carious process, periodontal diseases, as well as dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint.&#x0D; The presence of a dentoalveolar anomaly in a child can lead to a social disadvantage of patients among peers, as well as loss of active career growth in young and mature age. The incidence rate may vary considerably depending not only on the country of research but also on its region, as well as sex and age of the studied categories of people.&#x0D; The patients' parents specify the type and duration of feeding, the presence of such bad habits as sucking fingers, lips, or the tongue, respiratory features (sleeping with an open mouth), whether a child was followed up by otolaryngologist or neurologist for adenoids, sinusitis, rhinitis, as well as other diseases that can negatively affect the development of the patient's chewing apparatus.&#x0D; In an objective examination, attention was paid to the disturbance of nasal breathing, visually evaluated the amplitude and TMJ movement range. With an increase in age in the examined children there was a de- crease in the prevalence of deep bite, while the frequency of detecting mesial, open bite, as well as the dis- placement of dental arches from the middle line, increased. Rotated teeth, as well as disturbance of interdental gaps was detected more frequently with age while diastems were detected less frequently.&#x0D; The sharp decrease in the frequency of dental anomalies is observed in the transition from the II period of a variable bite (11-13 years) to the period of a constant bite (14-17 years). The study showed that regular check-ups are the most effective methods for identifying patients with tooth anomalies in schoolchildren and can significantly reduce the number of patients who need this type of treatment with an adequate orthodontic care management.&#x0D; The purpose of the study is to analyze the prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies in schoolchildren of Uzhgorod.&#x0D; Material and methods. The study involved 339 schoolchildren in Uzhgorod. An analysis of the prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies was carried out in three age groups: the first period of the mixed bite (6–9 years), the second period of the mixed bite (10–13 years), and the permanent bite (14–17 years).&#x0D; Results. It has been shown that dentoalveolar anomalies occur in the majority (78.6%) of school-age children. The most common anomalies of the teeth position (47.1%) and anomalies are the ratios of dental arches (37.3%). Anomalies in the size of the jaws (11.5%) and dentoalveolar anomalies of functional origin (4.1%) occur less often. However, 70.4% of all dentoalveolar anomalies are combined. Dentofacial anomalies were observed in children aged 10 to 13 years (II period of a shifting bite) more often. A sharp decrease in the frequency of dentoalveolar anomalies is observed during the transition from the II period of a mixed bite (11-13 years) to the I period (14-17 years) of a permanent bite.&#x0D; Conclusion. The study showed that medical examinations and preventive examinations are the most effective methods for identifying patients with dentoalveolar anomalies in schoolchildren and, with the adequate orthodontic care management, can significantly reduce the number of patients requiring this type of treatment.

Prevalence of dental anomalies in cleft lip and palate patients

The study was performed to investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies in Moroccan patients with cleft lip and palate. Ninety-six cleft patients referring to the dental care center of Casablanca (CCTD) and the Operation Smile Morocco center were included in this cross-sectional study. Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from Institutional Review Committee. Demographic data were collected and radiographs were evaluated for possible dental anomalies. We managed to compare dental anomaly traits based on gender. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. The differences in dental anomalies were compared using the Chi-square test. The most frequent cleft type was left unilateral cleft lip and palate (42,7%) and male predominance (55,2%) was observed. The most common anomaly was dental agenesis especially of the maxillary lateral incisor (24.7%). Regarding other types of dental anomalies, the microdontia and the amelogenesis imperfecta were the most frequent anomalies with significant differences between the two sexes (P <0.05). Hypodontia, microdontia and amelogenesis imperfecta were the most prevalent dental anomalies among Moroccan patients with cleft lip and palate. However, the frequency of dental anomalies in cleft patients suggests that careful planning and implementation of specialist services should be performed to provide early and adequate detection and treatment.

MORPHOLOGICAL CONDITION OF THE MUCOUS DURING THE PERIOD OF PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGE OF THE CANINES OF THE UPPER JAW

Physiological eruption of teeth indicates the proper development of the child. According to modern literature, in many countries around the world there is an increase in the frequency of dental anomalies with a violation of the eruption of teeth. Influence on the child's body of negative factors of both local and general nature causes the formation of this orthodontic. It is scientifically substantiated that there is a strong correlation between the number of erupted teeth – maxilaris anomalies. This means that the greater the prevalence of orthodontic pathology, the fewer erupted permanent teeth.&#x0D; Our complex analysis of micropreparations in patients with palatal and vestibularly retained canines of the upper jaw, showed changes in the microcirculatory tract with decreasing vascular density, dyscirculatory disorders, which further causes the formation of zones of ischemia, foci of initiation of necrobiotic changes. According to our data, more pronounced dystrophic and sclerotic processes were detected during vestibular placement of retained canines; instead, the processes of compensation and adjustment were less pronounced.Objective of the study: to determine the morphological features of the structure of the gums from the vestibular and palatal surfaces during the physiological change of canines.&#x0D; Object and research methods. For the subsequent solution of the tasks stipulated by the purpose of the work, 15 people aged 10 to 12 years with a physiological change in the canines of the upper jaw were included in the scientific work.&#x0D; Microscopic examination of the palatine parts of the gums revealed that the mucous membrane of the latter had a typical structure. Stratified squamous epithelium with expressive differentiation into basal, prickly granular and stratum corneum was visualized along the entire length. The formation of acanthotic epithelial cords took place in almost all cases. The latter buried deep in the lamina propria of the mucous membrane, periodically forming bizarre reticular structures. In the described epithelial complexes, an increase in the number of mitotic figures took place, indicating an increased proliferative activity of the epithelium.&#x0D; The study of the features of the morphological structure of the gums during the change of temporary canines suggests that signs of inflammation prevail in the mucous membrane, which are more pronounced in the vestibular areas.&#x0D; The study of the mucous membrane of the vestibular edge of the gums revealed almost everywhere acanthotic foci of multilayered squamous epithelium. Quite often there was a hypertrophy of an epithelial layer due to increase in cell rows of a prickly layer. Quite often in epitheliocytes of a prickly layer cells with the phenomena of a hydropic dystrophy as evidenced by detection in perinuclear space of epitheliocytes of transparent, average sizes of a vacuole were found.&#x0D; In 7 cases, we found inflammatory changes in our own plate, the nature of which differed slightly from those described above. Thus, inflammatory infiltration was everywhere either diffuse or large-focal in nature and spread significantly deeper into its own plate of the mucous membrane. Among the cellular elements of the inflammatory infiltrate, neutrophilic leukocytes were quite often found, which indicate the active phase of the inflammatory process. Sclerotic changes similar to those described above were also detected by us in 5 cases.&#x0D; Comparison of data on the structure of the vestibular and palatal areas of the gums found that in the papillary layer of the lamina propria of the gingival mucosa of the vestibular area there were signs of inflammation, which were more pronounced compared to the palatine. The higher level of signs of inflammation of the vestibular area can be explained by the peculiarities of the physiological eruption of the canines - more vestibular. It is known that a key role in the development of various symptoms of teething belongs to pro-inflammatory cytokines. The obtained data on the features of the morphological structure of the gums under conditions of physiological changes in canines can serve as qualitative indicators in the diagnosis of the state of the mucous membrane over the crowns of impacted teeth and will allow clinicians to rethink clinical approaches and determine the justification for the volume complex of surgical and orthodontic treatment of this dentoalveolar anomaly.

Morpho-functional state of the maxillofacial region in children with cerebral palsy

The problem of cerebral palsy is one of the most urgent problems of medicine. The social significance of this problem is so great that it is quite natural that there is an increasing interest in it. In the available literature, there is no comprehensive data on the study of the frequency of dental anomalies among children with cerebral palsy, depending on the etiofactor, and on improving methods for their prevention and early treatment.

Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in Orthodontic Patients Referred To Dental School of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

Aim: The prevalence of dental anomalies in different ethnic groups is different. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies associated with different malocclusions in Yazd. Iran. Methods: In this retrospective study the census method was used (with the confidence interval of 95% and the error margin of 5%). Dental records of 450 orthodontic patients referred to dental school of Shahid Sadoughi University of Yazd, Iran between 2010 and 2015 were collected. Dental records were classified into skeletal class I, II and III malocclusions (based on ANB angle measurements on cephalograms) searching for dental anomalies related to number, size and position. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and chi-square tests. Results: A total of 405 patients, (251 females 62%, 154 males 38%) with the mean age of 15.5 ± 4.1 were assessed. 49% of patients had at least one anomaly. The most frequent anomaly was impaction (24.9%). Hypodontia was found in 14.5% of patients and mandibular wisdom tooth was the most commonly missing tooth. 2.9% of patients had supernumerary which the maxillary anterior presented the higher number of it. The frequency of dental anomalies was not different between males and females. There was no correlation between type of malocclusion and frequency of dental anomalies except for hypodontia which was significantly higher in class I malocclusion.Conclusion: The most common anomaly seen in patients referred to the school of dentistry was impaction.

Frequency of Teeth Number Anomalies in Costa Rican Children at the Faculty of Dentistry University of Costa Rica

Dental anomalies can produce alterations in dental shape, number, size, and structure, affecting function and aesthetics. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency and location of teeth number anomalies in healthy Costa Rican children between 6 and 12 years old. An observational and retrospective study was carried out with 157 panoramic radiographs of the patients of the pediatric dentistry and orthodontics clinic of the University of Costa Rica between the years 2015-2017. Hyperdontias and hypodontias were the anomalies observed. Data were analyzed using a Fisher exact test with a significance level of 5% . The results showed that the overall frequency of dental anomalies was 8.3%, 4.5% were hyperdontias and 3.8% hypodontias. Double or multiple hyperdontia and hypodontia were also found. The difference between sex was not significant (p= 0.145). Supernumeraries were more frequent in maxilla and hypodontias in mandible. Mesiodens was the most frequently found supernumerary teeth. Mandibular second premolars were the most commonly missing teeth.

Occurrence of Dental Anomalies in Colombian Patients with Special Needs

Objective: To determine the occurrence of dental anomalies in patients with special needs from Barranquilla, Colombia. Material and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 59 patients chosen at convenience for 6 months during the course of 2017. With prior approval by experts, an instrument that identified dental anomalies was applied, followed by an institutional clinical history, intraoral clinical examination and final evaluation of the study variables, with descriptive statistics. Results: With regards to age ranges, 25% of subjects were between 14 to 17 years, and 19% between 22 to 25 years. The average age was 14 (± 7.9). No cases were found in the age range of 26 to 29 years. In terms of gender, males predominated with 78%. The anomaly that predominated was fluorosis (50.8%), followed by agenesis (23.7%). The syndrome and / or disorder with the highest frequency of dental anomalies was mental retardation with 39%, followed by behavioral disorders (22%) Conclusion: The frequency of dental anomalies in patients with special needs was evidenced, showing higher prevalence of dental fluorosis in patients with mental retardation, and a higher incidence in males; in the patients with syndromes and / or disorders who were observed, there were a few oral findings unrelated to dental anomalies.

Correlation of dental anomalies with different types of malocclusions in orthodontic clinics

Objective: The study was conducted to associate the prevalence of dental anomalies with Angle’s classification of malocclusion. Methods: The total sample of the study was 361 of which 198 were boys and 163 were girls. The sample was examined for different teeth abnormalities and these were further linked with Angle’s classification of malocclusion (Class I, Class II and Class III). Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software for Windows v.15.0. The level of significance was set at p value < 0.05. Results: The most frequently noticed malformation was rotation of teeth (32.7%) followed by impaction (29.8%) and hypodontia (8.4%). Angle’s Class III malocclusion cases showed highest mean of dental anomalies (2.03±1.515), followed by Class II (1.46±1.052) and Class I (0.40±0.829). Conclusions: The frequency of dental anomalies was quite high and it was positively associated with Class II & III type of malocclusion. Careful diagnosis would abridge the treatment plan and trim down its complications.

Dental Anomalies as Late Adverse Effect among Young Children Treated for Cancer.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the incidence of dental complications in childhood cancer survivors with that of healthy control subjects, and to determine the possible influence of various factors associated with patient and treatment.Materials and MethodsSixty-one panoramic radiographs of the dentition of cancer survivors were compared with 521 radiographs of healthy patients at a similar age, between 5 and 18 years. The mean period from termination of therapy was 4.9 years (58.9±34.3 months), and 51 children (83.60%) were under age 5 when therapy began.ResultsDental anomalies were found in 38 cancer survivors (62.29%) and 69 control subjects (13.24%) (p < 0.001). Agenesis of teeth was found in 19 cancer patients (31.14%) and in 48 control subjects (9.21%). Microdontic teeth were found in 22 cancer survivors (36.06%) and 15 control subjects (2.87%) (p < 0.001), whereas teeth with short roots were found in seven cancer patients (11.47%) and 15 control subjects (2.87%) (p < 0.01). Dental anomalies in cancer patients were more common in some tooth groups and were not observed in others. The frequency of dental anomalies did not show correlation with age at the beginning or termination or time of therapy.ConclusionChildren under the age of 5 are in a high risk group for dental complications after anticancer treatment. Rudimentary chemotherapy has a considerable impact on the occurrence of dental anomalies.

Prevalence of mesiodens in orthodontic patients with deciduous and mixed dentition and its association with other dental anomalies

To determine the prevalence of mesiodens in deciduous and mixed dentitions and its association with other dental anomalies. Panoramic radiographs of 1,995 orthodontic patients were analyzed retrospectively, obtaining a final sample of 30 patients with mesiodens. The following aspects were analyzed: gender; number of mesiodens; proportion between erupted and non-erupted mesiodens; initial position of the supernumerary tooth; related complications; treatment plan accomplished; and associated dental anomalies. The frequency of dental anomalies in the sample was compared to reference values for the general population using the chi-square test, with a significance level set at 5%. The prevalence of mesiodens was 1.5% more common among males (1.5:1). Most of the mesiodens were non-erupted (75%) and in a vertical position, facing the oral cavity. Extraction of the mesiodens was the most common treatment. The main complications associated with mesiodens were: delayed eruption of permanent incisors (34.28%) and midline diastema (28.57%). From all the dental anomalies analyzed, only the prevalence of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis was higher in comparison to the general population. There was a low prevalence of mesiodens (1.5%) in deciduous and mixed dentition and the condition was not associated with other dental anomalies, except for the maxillary lateral incisor agenesis.

Dental Anomaly Patterns (DAP)

Dental Anomaly Patterns (DAP)

Prevalence of Abnormalities in Dental Structure, Position, and Eruption Pattern in a Population of Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients

To evaluate the dental characteristics of patients subjected to a protocol that included early secondary gingivoalveoloplasty (ESGAP). Panoramic radiographs of 87 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and 29 with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) were evaluated. Missing and supernumerary teeth were also quantified on the cleft and noncleft side and in the maxilla and mandible. Crown and root malformations and tooth rotations were quantified. A subsample in permanent dentition was extrapolated to analyze canine eruption patterns. A total of 48.8% of the UCLP patients presented with missing permanent lateral incisors in the cleft area and 6.1% contralaterally. A total of 4.9% presented with missing second maxillary premolars on the cleft site and 1.2% contralaterally. A total of 7.3% presented with supernumerary lateral incisors, and 45% of the BCLP cleft sites presented with missing lateral incisors, while 25% of the cleft sites presented second maxillary premolars agenesis. Five percent of the cleft sites presented with supernumerary lateral incisors. Evaluation of the subsample in permanent dentition showed that 15.5% had a canine retention and 4.4% of the canines had to be surgically exposed. A significant association was observed between canine inclination and retention but not with absence of the lateral incisor. The frequency of dental anomalies in this sample was similar to other cleft populations. As surgical trauma has been suggested to damage forming teeth, the results of this study indicated that ESGAP has no detrimental influence on subsequent dental development.

Dental anomalies in familial adenomatous polyposis coli.

Forty-seven Danish and 50 Finnish patients with familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FPC) were studied by panoramic tomography (PTG) of the mandible, which showed dental abnormalities in 17% of the cases. Eleven patients (11%) had supernumerary teeth and/or compound osteomas, and nine patients (9%) had impacted permanent teeth. The frequency of the dental anomalies was statistically significantly higher in FPC patients than in the normal population; it is therefore concluded that this dental abnormality should be included in the list of extracolonic manifestations that may occur in any FPC patient. The frequency of dental anomalies was higher in Finnish than in Danish patients, probably owing to a higher frequency of extracolonic manifestations in the Finnish series.

Dental caries and ways of its prevention based on examination materials for children and adolescents in Kazan

In order to identify the frequency of dental anomalies, morbidity, the need for personnel and funds in each of the 5 districts of Kazan, in 1959 our department examined the children of one school, two kindergartens, one or two nurseries, orphanages and boarding schools. A total of 28 children's institutions were examined. The examination was carried out according to the same methodology and by the same doctors. The cards filled out for each examined contained 29 questions of the dental status. In this work, only those related to the prevention and control of dental caries are dealt with.