Frequency Of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea And Vomiting Research Articles

Efficacy and Safety of Ginger on the Side Effects of Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, with breast cancer being the most prevalent cancer. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most serious side effects of chemotherapy. Because the current CINV treatment option has several flaws, alternative treatment options are required. Ginger has traditionally been used to treat nausea and vomiting, and it also has anticancer properties in breast cancer cells. Based on these findings, researchers investigated whether using ginger to treat CINV in breast cancer patients is both effective and safe. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang from inception to June 2022. Outcomes included Rhodes Index Scores of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching, severity and frequency of CINV. Five RCTs were included. We pooled all included data and performed subgroup analysis by types of CINV. Overall, authors found that ginger was associated with a reduction in CINV. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis revealed that managing severity of acute CINV in breast cancer patients with ginger was efficient. In terms of managing delayed CINV in breast cancer patients, ginger was also statistically significant. The authors concluded that ginger may be helpful in lowering both acute and delayed CINV in breast cancer patients. Since there were no serious side effects, ginger is thought to be safe.

The efficacy and the incidence of drowsiness with different modified administrations of olanzapine in preventing chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting.

121 Background: Olanzapine is now widely used for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). The recommended oral administration is 10 mg at bedtime. However, drowsiness is one of common side effects of olanzapine. Several modified administrations of olanzapine, such as dose reduction and early taken are being tried in clinical practice to avoid drowsiness. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 500 patients who used olanzapine for CINV from January 2018 to January 2019 in our department. Eligible criteria include patients who used the constant administration of olanzapine for at least four days to prevent acute and delayed CINV. Patients were grouped into three groups according to three different administrations of olanzapine as full dose (10mg), half dose (5 mg), and early taken (10 mg, six hours before bedtime). Eligible patients were randomly selected in each group as a ratio of 1:1:1. The frequency of CINV, the incidence of drowsiness and the duration of olanzapine administration were collected and compared. Results: There are 267 patients met the criteria and 48 patients in each group. The median frequency of CINV per day in all 144 patients was 3, 1, 1 on day 1 to 3 after chemotherapy respectively. The frequency of CINV was not different among three groups. The incidence of drowsiness was 38%, 20%, and 23% in full dose, half dose and early taken groups (P < 0.05). The median days of administration were 5, 10 and 6 days in full dose, half dose and early taken group, respectively. Conclusions: Modified administration of olanzapine, both by dose reduction and early taken, could have similar effect in preventing CINV but reduced the incidence of the side effect as drowsiness. Further study should be done to explore the proper administration of olanzapine in preventing CINV.

A Nationwide, Multicenter Registry Study of Antiemesis for Carboplatin-Based Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Japan.

BackgroundWe previously reported the results of a prospective study of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in a cohort of patients who received carboplatin‐based chemotherapy and were selected from a nationwide registry of those scheduled for moderately (MEC) or highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) by the CINV Study Group of Japan. Of 1,910 previously registered patients (HEC: 1,195; MEC: 715), 400 patients received carboplatin‐based chemotherapy. The frequency of CINV was determined, and the risk factors for CINV were assessed.Materials and MethodsCINV data were collected from 7‐day diaries. Risk factors for CINV were identified using logistic regression models.ResultsOf 400 patients scheduled for carboplatin‐based chemotherapy, 267 patients received two antiemetics (5‐hydroxytryptamine‐3 receptor antagonist [5‐HT3 RA] and dexamethasone [DEX]), 118 patients received three antiemetics (5‐HT3 RA, DEX, and neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist [NK1 RA]), and 15 were nonadherent to the treatment. In these patients, the CINV overall, acute, and delayed phase rates of complete response (CR), defined as no vomiting with no rescue medication, were 67.0%, 98.2%, and 67.5%, respectively. The rates of no nausea were 55.6%, 94.0%, and 56.1%, respectively, and those of no vomiting were 81.3%, 99.0%, and 81.8%, respectively. Older age was associated with a decreased non‐CR, whereas female sex, history of pregnancy‐related emesis, and dual antiemetic therapy were associated with an increased non‐CR during the overall period.ConclusionIn a clinical practice setting, in patients who received carboplatin‐based chemotherapy, adherence is quite high and appropriate antiemetic prophylaxis requires a triple antiemetic regimen including NK1 RA.Implications for PracticeFor patients receiving carboplatin‐based chemotherapy, triple antiemetic therapy with 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐3 receptor antagonist, dexamethasone, and neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist should be given prophylactically regardless of risk factor status.

The Effectiveness of Hologram Bracelets in Reducing Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Among Adult Patients With Cancer.

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) affects cancer patients' quality of life, despite the provision of antiemetic medication. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical effectiveness of the hologram bracelet in the management of CINV among adult patients with cancer. An experimental, double-blinded design spanning 3 courses of chemotherapy was used; 175 oncology patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups: placebo (n = 53), control (n = 54), and intervention (hologram bracelet) (n = 68). Daily diaries were used to detect the severity and the frequency of CINV and to detect the frequency of using antiemetic medications. The Functioning Living Index-Emesis was used to examine the impact of CINV on the activities of daily living. Significant CINV differences existed between groups. The mean total Functioning Living Index-Emesis score was significantly lower in the intervention group for total vomiting and total nausea. Hologram bracelet use among patients with cancer had a positive effect on CINV. The level of CINV decreased and activity of daily living scores increased. However, effects varied among the types of CINV. Further study is recommended to explore the benefits of the bracelet.

Moxibustion for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Nausea and vomiting are distressing symptoms for patients receiving chemotherapy. Moxibustion, which involves the use of burning moxa to generate heat and stimulate acupoints, has been reported to potentially ameliorate chemotherapy-induced side effects, particularly nausea and vomiting. This systematic review evaluated current evidence on the effectiveness of moxibustion against chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). We searched eight online databases and two trial registries for relevant trials. The random-effects model was used to conduct a meta-analysis. Furthermore, the risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) were used to explain dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively; the outcomes were within 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results revealed that moxibustion might more favorably relieve the severity and frequency of CINV, compared with no treatment (RR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.42–2.93); moxibustion might have stronger effects than antiemetic drugs (RR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.27–2.76). There is no robust result that moxibustion could enhance the effects of antiemetic drugs administered as a complementary treatment. Actual moxibustion (8.10 ± 10.98) may have more favorable effects than placebo moxibustion (46.67 ± 23.32). However, the evidence obtained is not sufficient because of the lack of strict clinical trials. Protocol Registration. This trial is registered with PROSPERO CRD42016030037.

An Analysis of Behavioral and Genetic Risk Factors for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Japanese Subjects.

There are individual differences in the frequency of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in cancer patients. We investigated the individual variability in susceptibility to CINV with focus on both behavioral factors and genetic factors in Japanese cancer patients. We performed a prospective study to investigate the association between patient attributes (backgrounds and habits as well as gene polymorphisms) and anorexia, nausea, or vomiting in 55 Japanese cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Nagoya University Hospital. We found that gender (female), use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, susceptibility to motion sickness, and anxiety were associated with the frequency of CINV. Gene polymorphisms of rs1076560 (dopamine D2 receptor gene), rs6766410 (serotonin 5-HT3C receptor gene) and rs4680 (catechol-O-methyltransferase gene) were also associated. Our data suggest that these attributes may thus be risk factors for CINV. Our results provide novel information that can be used to predict the incidence of CINV in Japanese patients undergoing chemotherapy; this can help provide a substantial improvement in supportive care for patients with different types of cancer.

Nausea, vomiting and quality of life of patients with cancer undergoing antineoplastic treatment: an evaluation by pharmacists

This study aims to evaluate the frequency and severity of nausea and vomiting using two different instruments and relate them to quality of life (QOL) in patients with cancer receiving antineoplastic treatment. Severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) was measured by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and a numerical scale. QOL was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General questionnaire. Of the 50 patients studied, 60.0% reported nausea (40.0% CTCAE grade 1; 66.7% moderate intensity on numerical scale) and 30.0% reported vomiting (46.7% CTCAE grades 1 and 2, each; 66.7% moderate intensity on numerical scale). CINV did not influence overall QOL. The frequency of CINV was high. There was no association between nausea/vomiting and overall QOL.

Palonosetron exhibits higher total control rate compared to first-generation serotonin antagonists and improves appetite in delayed-phase chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

In order to ensure the continuity of chemotherapy, it is crucial to provide appropriate supportive care to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). The frequency of CINV is greatly affected by the type and combination of chemotherapy employed, which requires further investigation. With the use of patient diaries, a prospective study on the efficacy of antiemetic regimens for nausea and vomiting was conducted in 103 patients receiving highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy in the Ambulatory Therapy Center of our institution between August, 2010 and March, 2011. In this study, the efficacy of palonosetron in the delayed phase was affirmed. On days 4 and 5, in particular, palonosetron exhibited a significantly higher efficacy compared to that of other conventional serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists (5-HT3RAs). When the effects of chemotherapy on food intake were assessed by switching granisetron to palonosetron, an improvement in appetite was observed in one-quarter of the cases in the delayed phase. In addition, palonosetron has not been associated with any severe adverse drug reactions. It was therefore suggested that the use of palonosetron be recommended as a 5-HT3RA. In conclusion, our data suggested that palonosetron is effective and may be used as a 5-HT3RA, since it is crucial that we take adequate measures against CINV in order to maintain the patients' quality of life and to develop antiemetic regimens that ensure the continuity of chemotherapy without dose reduction.

Pharmacopuncture for cancer care: a systematic review.

Background. Pharmacopuncture, injection to acupoints with pharmacological medication or herbal medicine, is a new acupuncture therapy widely available in Korea and China for cancer-related symptoms. However, the evidence is yet to be clear. Objective. To determine pharmacopuncture's effectiveness on cancer-related symptoms. Methods. Eleven databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of pharmacopuncture in cancer patients. The Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) assessment tool was used for quality assessment. Results. Twenty-two studies involving 2,459 patients were included. Five trials of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) underwent meta-analysis. Pharmacopuncture significantly relieved severity of CINV compared with control group (3 trials, risk ratio (RR) 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14–1.44). The frequency of CINV was also significantly reduced with pharmacopuncture (2 trials, RR 2.47, 95% CI = 2.12–2.89). Seventeen trials studied various symptoms, and in most studies, pharmacopuncture significantly relieved pain, ileus, hiccup, fever, and gastrointestinal symptoms and improved quality of life in various cancer patients. ROB was generally high. Conclusion. It may be suggested with caution that pharmacopuncture may help various symptom relief in cancer patients, but it is hard to draw a firm conclusion due to clinical heterogeneity and high ROB of the included studies, hence warranting further investigation.

Antiemetic prescriptions and understanding in patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy

20692 Background: Poor control of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) may lead to decreased compliance with treatment and impaired quality of life for cancer patients (pts). Education regarding anti-emetic regimens may decrease this occurrence. This study aims to assess levels of patients’ anti-emetic awareness and impact on levels of CINV in that population. Methods: Pts attending an Irish tertiary referral centre for chemotherapy (chemo) from Feb-Mar 2007 participated, answering a short anonymous questionnaire. Factors assessed included age, primary diagnosis, duration of chemo, knowledge of anti-emetic medications (AEM), sources of education on AEM utilised, and frequency of CINV. Results: Fifty-five pts participated. The mean age was 62.4 years (y) (range 28- 88y). Numbers for both sexes were equivalent. The most common cancers treated were colorectal (25%), breast (16%), lymphoma (12%) and lung (9%). Mean duration of attendance was 9.5 months (mo). 62% were educated by physicians on medication, half of whom received information from physicians only. 64% were educated by nursing staff, 33% received information from nurses only. 28% received education from both. 53% received written information. Nurses were twice as likely to give written information (78% vs. 35% RR 2.2 p=0.02). Pts educated by both were more likely to know their AEM than those educated by nurses alone (RR 4.3 p=0.04). 91% self administered their medication. 78% were aware of the purpose of these drugs. 71% could name their tablets. 47% named an AEM as part of their prescription. 22% did not recognise the name of any routinely prescribed AEM. 85% of those <70y could name their AEM vs. 52% of those >70y (p=0.029). 57% treated for <3mo could name their AEM, increasing to 88% for those attending up to 6mo and 100% at >1y (RR 1.8 p=0.005). There was no significant difference in CINV between patients who knew their AEM and those who did not. Conclusions: Pts knowledge regarding AEM varies and is derived from many sources. Older patients exhibited less knowledge regarding their medication intake. Knowledge of AEM increased with duration of treatment. None of these factors appeared to significantly affect CINV in this population. Additional research is needed to evaluate optimal methods of pt education and its impact on CINV. No significant financial relationships to disclose.