Frequency Of Breakfast Consumption Research Articles

Association between breakfast consumption, breakfast quality, mental health and quality of life in Turkish adolescents: A high school-based cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to determine the frequency of breakfast consumption and breakfast quality among adolescents and to evaluate the relationships between breakfast consumption, breakfast quality, mental health, and health-related quality of life. This cross-sectional study included 449 students from 17 high schools between December 2022 and May 2023. A face-to-face questionnaire measuring the frequency of breakfast consumption, Mediterranean diet quality index (KIDMED), health-related quality of life (KIDSCREEN), and depression, anxiety and stress scales (DASS-21) was performed. Of the students, 54.1% skipped breakfast 2 or more times a week and 75.9% had poor breakfast quality. There were significant differences in breakfast quality classification according to the frequency of breakfast consumption (p = 0.003). Breakfast consumption ≤1 time/week or 2-5 times/week was associated with depression, anxiety and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. No relationship was observed between breakfast quality and stress, depression or anxiety (p = 0.620, p = 0.586, p = 0.539, respectively) or between breakfast quality and the KIDSCREEN-27 subscales (p > 0.05). However, those eating poor-quality breakfasts had better results in physical wellbeing (p = 0.022), psychological wellbeing (p = 0.024), autonomy and parent relations (p = 0.017) than breakfast-skippers and also scored lower for depression, stress and anxiety (all p < 0.001). In conclusion, the frequency of breakfast consumption had a stronger association with reduced symptoms of stress, depression and anxiety, as well as improvements in all dimensions of health-related quality of life, compared to the quality of breakfast consumed. Given the association of breakfast consumption with mental health outcomes in adolescents, our findings are of great importance, especially to parents, clinicians and nutritional educators.

Short sleep time may be the main reason for irregular breakfast to cause overweight-a cross-sectional study.

In recent years, the relationship between circadian rhythm and overweight and obesity has attracted the attention of many scholars. To evaluate association between the duration of sleep and the regularity of breakfast and overweight. A total of 1,178 students from Qingdao University were selected by stratified cluster sampling. There were 601 males (24.69 ± 0.80 years old) and 569 females (24.54 ± 0.70 years old). We used body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) to define overweight levels. Chi-square test, Pearson correlation test, and logistic regression were applied to test association among overweight, sleep duration, sleep onset time, and breakfast regularity. Pittsburgh sleep quality index was used to assess the overall sleep quality of the study subjects. Mediation effect and Sobel test were used to analyze the effect of sleep duration on breakfast regularity and overweight. Only 34.1% of the population ate breakfast every day, and eating breakfast 1-3 times per week was associated with a higher risk of overweight (BMI: OR = 2.183, 95%CI: 1.369,3,481; WC: OR = 2.101, 95%CI: 1.232,3,583; WHR: OR = 2.108, 95%CI: 1.331,3,337). The effects of all types of Usual Breakfast Consumption Frequency on overweight were fully mediated by sleep duration (p < 0.05). In particular, the subjects exercised outdoors more than five times per week slept longer (p < 0.05). Short sleep duration may be the main reason for irregular breakfast leading to overweight. Adequate outdoor exercise is essential for weight maintenance.

Effectiveness of a school-based intervention to manage overweight and obesity among adolescents in Seremban, Malaysia: A cluster randomized controlled trial

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based intervention programme among overweight and obese adolescents in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of the intervention (n = 200) and compared with control group (n = 200). The intervention was developed based on social cognitive theory, conducted in a group based, five-session of face-to-face, bi-weekly for 10 weeks. The primary outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ), whereas the secondary outcomes were breakfast consumption, physical activity level, self-efficacy, and body satisfaction. T-tests and generalized linear mixed model analysis were used to examine the effectiveness of the intervention at baseline, immediate post-intervention, and 3-month post-intervention, while controlling for covariates. A significant intervention effect was found in reducing BMI and BAZ. BMI of the participants in the intervention group was reduced from 28.10 kg/m2 to 27.93 kg/m2, and further decreased to 27.80 kg/m2, while BAZ was reduced from 2.19 to 2.12, and further decreased to 2.07, from baseline to immediate post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up, respectively. Furthermore, there was significant improvement in breakfast consumption frequency, physical activity scores, healthy eating and weight self-efficacy scores, perceived physical activity self-efficacy scores, and body discrepancy scores as compared with the control group. The integrated school-based intervention programme was effective in reducing BMI and BAZ among overweight and obese participants. The results suggested that this programme could be integrated as one of the regular school co-curricular programmes.

The nexus of food and nutrition security in youth: linking a Canadian survey and administrative data

Abstract Background Food insecurity is impacted by social determinants of health and is a risk factor for poor nutrition. Simultaneously, nutrition insecurity remains a pervasive public health concern in wealthy countries, especially for children. This study describes characteristics of youth that may increase risk of food and nutrition insecurity. Methods A cross-sectional study of grade nine students took place in 37 schools in Manitoba, Canada. Students completed a web-based survey on food security, diet, and nutrition-related behaviours. When consenting, parents/guardians could provide their child's health number. This sub-sample (n = 943) was linked with social and health variables through a de-identified data repository and used for this study. Bivariate associations explored relationships between sociodemographic information, diet quality, eating behaviours, mental health, and food security. A multivariable logistic regression model determined adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence limits for food security, and a general linear model for diet quality. Significance was set at p &amp;lt; 0.05 for all analyses. Results Twenty percent of participants were food insecure and 70% had sub-optimal diets. Food security was positively associated with living in a rural area, in higher income neighbourhoods and eating family dinner more frequently, while living in a northern area or in social housing, were negatively associated. Food security was not significantly related to diet quality; however, better nutrition was associated with being female, higher self-rated health, absence of a mental health diagnosis, and more frequent breakfast consumption, while receiving social assistance and living in a northern area were negatively associated with diet. Conclusions While results show a socioeconomic and geographic vulnerability to food insecurity, the diet quality of most adolescents was low. A multidimensional public health approach is needed to resolve these connected yet different issues. Key messages • Food insecurity and nutrition insecurity are public health concerns that require distinct but related interventions. • Scaling up income supports to resolve food insecurity is insufficient to improve dietary quality across adolescent populations.

Self-Reported Nutritional Status and Breakfast Characterization in Latin American University Students

Objective To associate breakfast consumption frequency with self-reported nutritional status and dietary patterns of Latin American university students by human development. Material and methods This was a cross-sectional, multicenter observational study. University students from 11 Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, Paraguay, Panama and Uruguay) were invited to participate by answering an online self-administered questionnaire on food consumption and sociodemographic indicators, associations were investigated using logistic regression. Results The logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between breakfast consumption and the crude model, models 2 and 3 in countries with very high and upper-middle/high human development. However, after adjustment in the most comprehensive model, the association is no longer statistically significant. In the fully adjusted model of the variables, a significant relationship was observed between breakfast consumption and both healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. Specifically, students who typically consume breakfast exhibit greater consumption of oatmeal and fruits, as well as healthier dinner choices. Conversely, they exhibit lower consumption of fast food, sugary drinks, and juices. In particular, in highly developed countries, along with the mentioned foods, consumption of dairy was linked to breakfast consumption in a positive way, while alcohol consumption was negatively associated. Conclusion University students who eat breakfast on a regular basis maintain a healthier diet in comparison to those who do not, irrespective of their country’s level of human development.

Frequency of breakfast consumption and its associations with food consumption by degree of industrial processing and with indicators of overweight in Brazilian adolescents (EVA-JF Study)

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of breakfast consumption and estimate its associations with the consumption of food at different degrees of industrial processing and with overweight indicators in Brazilian adolescents. MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved a probabilistic sample of 14- to 19-y-old adolescents enrolled in 29 public schools in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, MG, Southeast Brazil (n = 805). The frequency of breakfast consumption was evaluated via a questionnaire (classified into "do not consume", "sometimes consume", and "regularly consume"). The evaluation of food consumption involved two 24-h dietary recalls, the items of which were analyzed according to the NOVA classification system. Overweight indicators (waist circumference, body mass index for age (BMI-for-age), and body fat percentage) were evaluated according to a standard protocol. Linear regression models were performed, first without and then with adjustments for sociodemographic characteristics. ResultsWe found that 20% of adolescents skipped breakfast, and ∼46% of the caloric intake came from ultra-processed foods. Breakfast omission was associated with a mean increase of 3.02% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52–5.53) in energy intake from ultra-processed foods, in addition to a mean increase of 0.28 z-score (95% CI, 0.05– 0.52) of BMI-for-age and of 1.64% (95% CI, 0.21–3.08) in body fat. ConclusionsWe verified that the omission of breakfast was associated with higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, as well as a higher BMI-for-age and higher percentage of body fat, reinforcing the importance of actions to encourage the consumption of this meal and the adoption of healthy eating practices in adolescents.

Association of secondhand smoke exposure and health-related lifestyle behaviors among male university employees in Japan

Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure causes various health problems associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. However, the lifestyles of individuals exposed to SHS have not been characterized extensively. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between SHS exposure and lifestyle behaviors. The participants were 2379 healthy male employees at Osaka University who underwent health examinations. Physical and biochemical parameters and lifestyle behavior data were obtained from all the participants. Participants with SHS exposure had significantly higher body mass index, waist circumference, and serum levels of triglycerides and uric acid than that of those without SHS exposure. SHS exposure was significantly correlated with several lifestyle behaviors, including TV time, frequency of breakfast consumption and fried food consumption, vegetable and fruit intake, alcohol consumption frequency and daily alcohol intake, and smoking status. Thus, SHS exposure may be associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. The lifestyle behaviors of the smoke-excluded population were assessed further; however, SHS exposure was still associated with dietary and drinking habits. Since participants with SHS exposure are likely to have an unhealthy life and combined unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, the confounding effect of these factors should be considered when assessing the impact of SHS exposure on health.

Association between frequency of breakfast consumption and cardiometabolic risk in Peruvian university teachers, 2019-2020.

Although the relationship between health status and dietary intake has been extensively studied in the general population, there is a lack of research that has specifically examined the association between frequency of breakfast consumption and cardiometabolic risk in university teachers. To determine the association between the frequency of breakfast consumption and cardiometabolic risk in university teachers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 176 teachers from a private university located in the eastern region of Lima, Peru (Mage: 37.0 years; SD: 0.8, range: 24-59 years). The study was conducted during the period from December 2019 to February 2020. Information was collected on anthropometric and biochemical parameters and frequency of breakfast consumption. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to explore the association between frequency of breakfast with sociodemographic, anthropometric, and biochemical variables. The highest prevalence of excess body weight (44.4%) was observed in those who consumed breakfast 0 to 2 days/week, but without statistical differences. Those who reported Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 160 mg/dL were 77% less likely to fall into the 3-5 day/week breakfast frequency category than those who reported a regular frequency of breakfast (6 to 7 days/week) (Adjusted OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.73; p < 0.05). In addition, teachers who reported a breakfast frequency of 3 to 5 days/week were 83% more likely to have a glucose concentration < 110 mg/dL compared to those who consumed breakfast of 6 to 7 days/week (Adjusted OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.75; p < 0.05). Skipping breakfast for an extended period of time can have detrimental effects on cardiometabolic health. Promoting the benefits of breakfast could be a health message of great public health interest.

The Correlation between Breakfast Consumption and the Probability of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease in Bangkok Population

Alzheimer’s disease, which is the most common form of dementia, is known to be widely prevalent in the worldwide population, including Thailand. The incidence of this illness in Thailand is increasing rapidly and is expected to reach a million by 2030 (Doungkaew &amp; Taneepanichskul, 2014). We are concerned that this rise is caused by the trend during these modern days, where skipping breakfast is becoming more popular due to time constraints. Hence, we conducted a survey research by providing questionnaires to 180 individuals of all ages across Bangkok, asking for their frequency in consuming breakfast per week and their likelihood in having Alzheimer’s. This was done through an online platform, Google Form. To test whether the two aforementioned variables are correlated with one another, Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program version 29 was used for data analysis. One-Way ANOVA (F-test) was used to determine the significance between age group and the risk of getting Alzheimer’s. The result showed that age is a significant factor which can promote the illness. Age 41 and above tend to have a stronger probability in developing the disease because of the easier spread of a protein called tau-protein, which is involved in causing Alzheimer’s disease (Wegmann et al., 2019). Pearson’s correlation test has shown that there is a negative correlation between the frequency of breakfast consumption and the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. This is likely due to low blood sugar levels and lack of beneficial nutrients contained in breakfast . In the future, we hope that this research could be beneficial to other people by raising awareness on this particular topic regarding the importance of frequency of breakfast consumption in reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.

Eating habits matter for sleep difficulties in children and adolescents: A cross-sectional study.

Sleep difficulties are a common sleep-related problem among children and adolescents. However, the association between eating habits and sleep difficulties has not been extensively studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between eating habits and sleep difficulties in children and adolescents. This study utilized cross-sectional data from the 2013/2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey. A total of 213,879 young adolescents provided self-reported information on their weekday and weekend breakfast consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, sweet and soft drink consumption, and sleep difficulties. Covariates such as sex, age, family affluence, physical activity, and body mass index were also assessed. Multilevel generalized linear modelling was used to analyse the association between independent and dependent. Results were reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Of all study participants, approximately 50% were girls. Regression models indicated that more frequent breakfast consumption was associated with fewer sleep difficulties (e.g., consuming breakfast on weekdays for 5 days: OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.45-1.54). Fruit and vegetable consumption once a week or more was also linked to fewer sleep difficulties (all OR > 1.08, ≥ 1.07). In addition, consuming fewer sweets and soft drinks was generally associated with fewer sleep difficulties. This study provides evidence supporting the association between healthier eating habits and reduced sleep difficulties in children and adolescents. Future research using longitudinal or experimental designs is encouraged to confirm or negate these findings. Additionally, this study offers practical guidance for nutritional counselling professionals and sleep health promotion practitioners.

Severity of Menstrual Pain Is Associated with Nutritional Intake and Lifestyle Habits.

Recently, the employment rate of women in Japan has steadily increased. Approximately 80% of women experience menstrual pain and premenstrual syndrome (PMS). These symptoms decrease a woman's quality of life and her work productivity, leading to an economic loss. This cross-sectional study of 321 healthy Japanese women aged 20-39 years aimed to clarify the lifestyle-related factors or nutrient intake that might cause menstrual pain. The participants underwent body composition measurements and completed meal survey sheets and lifestyle questionnaires, including menstrual status, exercise, sleep and breakfast consumption. Based on the questionnaire results, participants were divided into two groups according to the severity of menstrual pain, namely, heavy and light. Chi-square and Wilcoxon signed-rank sum tests were used to compare the severity of menstrual pain in the two groups. In the heavy group, the intake of animal proteins, including fish, vitamin D and vitamin B12, was significantly lower (p < 0.05), as was the frequency of breakfast consumption and bathing (p < 0.05). The rate of PMS symptoms was significantly higher in the heavy group (p < 0.05). This study suggests that a lack of animal protein, the accompanying vitamins and fatty acids, and the frequency of breakfast or bathing are associated with the severity of menstrual pain.

Association between breakfast frequency and insulin resistance in Korean adults with prediabetes: A nationwide population-based cross-sectional study

AimsThis study aimed to investigate the association between breakfast frequency and insulin resistance using the triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index in Korean adults with prediabetes. MethodsThis study used data from the 2016–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A total of 16,925 participants were included in this study. Breakfast frequency was classified as 0 times, 1−4 times, and 5−7 times per week. High insulin resistance was defined as a TyG index of ≥8.5. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. ResultsCompared with the group whose breakfast frequency was 5–7 times per week, the odds ratio for high insulin resistance was 1.39 times (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21−1.59) and 1.17 times (95% CI, 1.04–1.32) higher in the group whose breakfast frequency was 0 times and 1−4 times per week, respectively. ConclusionsThis study revealed that a lower frequency of breakfast consumption was significantly associated with a higher risk of insulin resistance in Korean adults with prediabetes. In the future, a large-scale prospective longitudinal study is required to establish the causal relationship between breakfast frequency and insulin resistance.

Breakfast Eating Habits and their Association with Academic Performance: A Cross-sectional Study among Medical Students

Introduction: Breakfast has long been considered the most important meal of the day, yet the frequency of breakfast consumption has declined in recent decades. Adequate breakfast habits are related to optimal physiological, psychological, and social health. Aim: To assess the breakfast eating habits of medical students and find the association between breakfast habits and academic performance. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was carried out in the Department of Physiology at Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati (SHKM) Government Medical College, Nuh, Haryana, India. The duration of the study was three months from July 2022 to September 2022. A total of 350 apparently healthy medical undergraduates from the second year to final year participated in the study. Breakfast eating patterns and other characteristics of the morning meal consumed by participants were assessed using a structured proforma. Participants were divided into three groups (regular, irregular, and skippers) based on the frequency of breakfast consumption. Academic performance was assessed based on the aggregate marks (%) obtained in the university examination. Data were compiled and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare academic performance (% marks) among the breakfast groups, and the relationship between the aforementioned variables was determined using Pearson’s Chi-square test. A p-value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 20.95±1.10 years. Present study showed that only around one-third, 121 (34.6%) students ate breakfast regularly (6-7 days/week), while the remaining either consumed it irregularly or skipped it altogether. A significant association (p=0.02) was found between breakfast habits and academic performance, with regular breakfast eaters performing better compared to skippers. Conclusion: Irregular consumption of breakfast is quite prevalent among medical students. Poor time management emerged as the main reason for this behaviour. Breakfast habits may influence academic performance, but it warrants further investigation using a multivariate approach.

Adolescents' Nutrition: The Role of Health Literacy, Family and Socio-Demographic Variables.

Adolescent obesity rates are increasing on an epidemic level and food intake is one of the most important causes of this condition. From an ecological perspective, food intake is, in turn, influenced by many factors that need to be considered. This study aims to evaluate the associations between socio-demographic factors (gender, family origin, socio-economic status, parent's education level), which consist of social stratifiers, health literacy and family context, as independent variables, and food intake (consumption of fruits, vegetables, soft drinks and sweets and breakfast frequency) and outcomes (Body Mass Index category), as dependent variables. Data were retrieved from 2145 students (13 and 15 years old) from the Lombardy region (Italy) who participated in the 2018 edition of Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC). Six multiple binary logistic regression models were used in this study. Fruit, vegetable and soft drinks consumption models were related to all three-factor levels. Breakfast consumption frequency was associated with socio-demographic variables. BMI category was associated with socio-demographic and family variables. The results confirmed the existence of social inequalities, the importance of health literacy in predicting healthy behaviours and the relevance of the family context. The study confirms the importance of the ecological approach to understanding food intake and overweight/obesity status in adolescents.

Status and Determinants of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression among Food Delivery Drivers in Shanghai, China.

(1) Background: The psychological status of employees, especially vulnerable populations, has received considerable research attention. However, as a newly emerging and popular occupation in the gig industry, food delivery drivers have received little attention. The majority of these workers are immigrants who are already in a precarious position due to a lack of available jobs, inadequate medical care, poor diets, and communication and acculturation difficulties even before they take these jobs, which involve long working hours and exposure to the elements. (2) Methods: To examine the anxiety and depression symptoms of these workers and possible influencing factors, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of food delivery drivers working for the Meituan Company (one of the largest e-platform companies in China). Anxiety and depression scales were adapted from the GAD-7, and the PHQ-9 was used to assess participants’ related symptoms. Differences were compared in terms of sociodemographic, work situation, and lifestyle variables. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to analyze the effects of various factors on the two psychological dimensions. (3) Results: Among the 657 participants, the proportions of participants reporting anxiety and depression symptoms were 46.0% and 18.4%, respectively. Lack of communication with leaders (ORAN = 2.620, 95% CI: 1.528–4.493, p < 0.001; ORDE = 1.928, 95% CI: 1.039–3.577, p = 0.037) and poor sleep quality (ORAN = 2.152, 95% CI: 1.587–2.917, p < 0.001; ORDE = 2.420, 95% CI: 1.672–3.504, p < 0.001) were significant risk factors for both anxiety and depression symptoms. Women (OR = 2.679, 95% CI: 1.621–4.427, p < 0.001), those who climbed ≥31 floors per day (OR = 2.415, 95% CI: 1.189–4.905, p = 0.015), and those with a high frequency of breakfast consumption (OR = 3.821, 95% CI: 1.284–11.369, p = 0.016) were more likely to have anxiety symptoms. Participants who earned less than 5000 RMB (OR = 0.438, 95% CI: 0.204–0.940, p = 0.034), were unwilling to seek medical help (OR = 3.549, 95% CI: 1.846–6.821, p < 0.001), or had a high frequency of smoking (OR = 5.107, 95% CI: 1.187–21.981, p = 0.029) were more likely to be depressive. (4) Conclusion: The existence of communication channels with leaders and good sleep quality are protective factors for anxiety and depression symptoms. Participants who were female, climbed ≥31floors per day, and had a high frequency of eating breakfast were more likely to have anxiety symptoms, while earning less, unwillingness to seek medical help, and a high frequency of smoking were risk factors for depression symptoms.

The Relationship between the Frequency of Breakfast Consumption, Conversation with Parents, and Somatic Symptoms in Children: A Three-Wave Latent Growth Model.

Breakfast consumption is essential for children to generate energy for the day. Parents play an important role in children’s breakfast habits and spending time with parents during breakfast greatly influences children’s emotional development. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between the frequency of children’s breakfast consumption, time spent in conversation with parents, and children’s somatic symptoms. Data were obtained from the Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 and were initially collected from fourth-grade elementary school students and followed up for three years. SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 software were used for data analysis. Multivariate latent growth modeling was applied to analyze the effect of the breakfast consumption frequency on children’s somatic symptoms and the mediating effect of parent–child conversation time on this relationship. Consequently, as children’s frequency of breakfast consumption increased, their somatic symptoms decreased. Furthermore, parent–child conversation time mediated the relationship between these two variables. Therefore, students, parents, and teachers should be educated about the importance of having breakfast and communicating with parents for students’ emotional health.

Movement behaviours, breakfast consumption, and fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents

BackgroundIt is recommended that children and adolescents spend ≥ 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, ≤ 2 h per day of recreational screen time, and 9–11 h of sleep per night for school-aged children or 8–10 h per night for adolescents. The objective of this study was to examine the associations of compliance with physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration recommendations with the frequencies of breakfast consumption and fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents.MethodsData from a cross-sectional and province-wide survey of students in grades 7–12 in Ontario (Canada) were used for this analysis (n = 12,759 students; 15.2 ± 1.8 years; 56% females). Movement behaviours and eating habits were self-reported. Multivariable ordered logistic regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, ethnoracial background, subjective socioeconomic status, and body mass index z-score.ResultsCompliance with all three recommendations was associated with more frequent breakfast consumption (OR: 2.77; 95% CI: 2.17–3.55) and fruit and vegetable intake (OR: 2.95; 95% CI: 2.41–3.62) compared with compliance with none of the recommendations. Compliance with the different combinations of recommendations was also associated with more frequent breakfast consumption and fruit and vegetable intake, with some exceptions. There was a dose–response gradient between the number of recommendations met (3 > 2 > 1) and more frequent breakfast consumption (p < 0.001) and fruit and vegetable intake (p < 0.001), with compliance with all three recommendations being the best combination.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that compliance with the physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration recommendations is associated with more frequent breakfast consumption and fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents.

Worse sleep health predicts less frequent breakfast consumption among adolescents in a micro-longitudinal analysis

BackgroundPoor self-reported sleep health has been linked to not consuming breakfast in adolescents, but it is unknown whether poor sleep measured objectively predicts next-day breakfast consumption within adolescents. We investigated within- and between-person associations of objectively measured sleep dimensions and subjective sleep quality with adolescent breakfast consumption.MethodsData were collected from a micro-longitudinal substudy of the Year 15 wave of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 590). Adolescents wore an actigraphy device and completed daily diaries for ~ 1 week (M ± SD = 5.6 ± 1.4 nights per adolescent, range: 3–9), where they rated their sleep quality and reported whether they had eaten breakfast that day, with no specific definition of breakfast provided (M ± SD = 5.5 ± 1.4 days per adolescent, range: 3–9). Separate mixed models assessed whether actigraphy-measured sleep duration (linear and quadratic, sleep duration x sleep duration), timing, maintenance efficiency, and subjective quality predicted odds of breakfast consumption both within and between adolescents. Variability of sleep duration and timing (standard deviation per person), sleep regularity index (SRI), and social jetlag were tested as additional between-person predictors. Analyses with predictors other than sleep duration were adjusted for sleep duration.ResultsFollowing nights when adolescents had shorter or longer sleep duration (p = .005; curvilinear association), later sleep onset, or later sleep midpoint (both p = .025) than their own usual, they had lower odds of consuming breakfast the next day (within-person associations). Adolescents who on average had later sleep onset (p = .013) or midpoint (p = .013) or who reported lower sleep quality (p = .011) had lower average odds of consuming breakfast (between-person associations). Adolescents with greater variability of sleep duration (p = .005), midpoint (p = .004), or offset (p < .001) had lower average odds of consuming breakfast (between-person associations). Sleep maintenance efficiency (within or between adolescents), SRI, and social jetlag were not associated with breakfast consumption (all p > .10).ConclusionsMultiple dimensions of sleep health are associated with breakfast consumption, both within and between adolescents. Poor sleep and dietary behaviors in adolescence may negatively impact future metabolic health.

Lifestyle health behavior correlates of intuitive eating in a population-based sample of men and women

The aim of this observational study was to examine how lifestyle health behaviors hypothesized to influence attunement to internal cues (breakfast consumption frequency, physical activity, yoga practice, sleep, and recreational screen time) are cross-sectionally related to intuitive eating (IE). Data from 765 men and 1009 women (Mage = 31.1 ± 1.7 years) who participated in Project EAT-IV (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults) were analyzed with sex-stratified linear regression models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic background, and parent status. Sociodemographic-adjusted mean levels of each health behavior by sex were generated at low (one standard deviation below the mean), average (at the mean), and high (one standard deviation above the mean) levels of IE to facilitate interpretation of regression results. Among women only, more frequent breakfast consumption (p = .02), more time spent practicing yoga (p = .03), more sleep (p = .004), and less recreational screen time (p = .01) were each significantly associated with higher IE after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Compared to women with low IE, women with high IE reported, on average, eating breakfast 0.3 more days a week, practicing 12 more minutes of yoga per week, getting 12 more minutes of sleep per night, and engaging in 18 fewer minutes of recreational screen time per day. Results suggest that these modifiable health behaviors may be valuable targets for interventions to increase IE among women, though longitudinal research is needed to elucidate the temporality of these associations.

Diet and Activity Related Factors of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Adults With Diabetes During COVID-19: An Online Survey in India

ObjectivesDepression affects people with diabetes twice as frequently as compared to normoglycemic individuals. The changes in eating habits and physical activity levels during COVID-19 could have primed the comorbidity of depression and diabetes. Hence, this cross-sectional study was conducted to 1) assess the eating habits, physical activity levels, and risk of depression among Indians with type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 and 2) examine the association of diet and activity patterns with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. MethodsAdults (n = 158) with type 2 diabetes completed an online survey including socio-demography, eating habits, snacking patterns, and physical activity levels. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and three 24-hour diet recalls. The mental health problems were self-reported on the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Linear regression analyses were performed to examine factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 48.2(18.9) years. Overall, 21.8% reported having depression, 33.2% had mild to moderate anxiety and 18.9% had experienced stress symptoms in the past week. The prevalence of anxiety was higher in females (38.6%) than males (28.3%, p < 0.001) and in those with diabetes duration >10 years (36.1%) than those with <10 years (30.3%, p = 0.036). Participants with anxiety had a higher frequency of fast-food consumption and lower dietary diversity and physical activity scores. The mean intakes of protein, vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, iron, and magnesium and the frequencies of fruit, nut, and fish consumption were lower in adults with depression. The duration of diabetes (β = 0.12, p = 0.029), frequency of breakfast (β = 0.37, p < 0.001) and fruit consumption (β = 0.268, p = 0.012), and total carbohydrate intake (β = –0.203, p = 0.043) were associated with depression. No associations were observed between physical activity and stress symptoms. ConclusionsThis is the first study to investigate the diet and activity-related factors of depression in people with diabetes in India during COVID 19. The findings highlighted an inverse association between diet quality and risk of depression, though further investigations are required to establish the relationship between diet, depression, and diabetes. Funding SourcesNone.