Frequency Of Alcohol Consumption Research Articles

Towards quantifying the reciprocal associations between frequency of cannabis use and alcohol consumption: a cross-lagged analysis from the CONSTANCES cohort

ObjectiveDisentangle the temporal relationships between frequency of cannabis use and alcohol consumption.MethodsA cross-lagged model providing standardised coefficients (SCs)±their standard errors in 13 255 men and 13 696 women enrolled in...

Effect of alcohol consumption on haemoglobin level among non-pregnant reproductive age women in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional secondary data analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of alcohol consumption on haemoglobin levels among non-pregnant reproductive age women using national representative data.MethodA secondary data analysis was conducted...

Testing socioeconomic status and family socialization hypotheses of alcohol use in young people: A causal mediation analysis.

The effect of socioeconomic status on adolescent substance abuse may be mediated by family socialization practices. However, traditional mediation analysis using a product or difference method is susceptible to bias when assumptions are not addressed. We aimed to use a potential outcomes framework to assess assumptions of exposure-mediator interaction and of no confounding of the results. We revisited a traditional mediation analysis with a multiple mediator causal mediation approach using data from 17,761 Norwegian young people (13-18 years), 51% female. Data were collected through a print questionnaire. Socioeconomic status was operationalized as parental education and employment status (employed or receiving welfare); drinking behavior as the frequency of alcohol consumption and frequency of intoxication in the past year; and socialization practices as general parenting measures, alcohol-related parental permissiveness, and parent drinking behavior. There was no consistent evidence of exposure-mediator interaction. Formal sensitivity analysis of mediator-outcome confounding was not possible in the multiple mediator model, and this analysis supported the hypothesis that socioeconomic status effects on adolescent substance abuse are fully mediated by family socialization practices, with apparently stronger effects in younger age groups observed in plots. We found that the effect of socioeconomic status on adolescent substance abuse was fully mediated by family socialization practices. While our analysis provides more rigorous support for causal inferences than past work, we could not completely rule out the possibility of unmeasured confounding.

The Association Between Alcohol-Related Problems and Sleep Quality and Duration Among College Students: a Multicountry Pooled Analysis.

Alcohol consumption and sleep disorders are both prevalent and relevant problems among college students, but the relationship between these conditions is unclear. This study aimed to analyze the association between alcohol-related problems and sleep in first-year college students from Brazil, Chile, and Spain. Cross-sectional analyses were performed with data from three independent studies with first-year college students from each country. The risk of alcohol-related problems (RARP) and sleep quality and duration were self-reported using mixed methods. Pooled odds ratios (p-OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of suboptimal sleep quality and of short (< 7 h) and long (> 8 h) sleep duration were estimated according to RARP adjusting for the main confounders. Of the 1830 students included (31.2% Brazilian, 42.2% Chilean, and 26.6% Spanish), 61.6% were female, and the mean age was 20.0 ± 3.6 years. Overall, 25.0% and 9.9% of the students were classified as intermediate and high RARP, respectively. In the combined results for the three countries, intermediate-to-high RARP was associated with a higher likelihood of suboptimal sleep quality (p-OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.52; I2 heterogeneity statistics: 43.0%), regardless of sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates and of self-rated health. The frequency of alcohol consumption was not associated with sleep quality or sleep duration. In this multicountry pooled analysis, first-year college students at risk of alcohol-related problems were more likely to report worse sleep quality. The coexistence of alcohol-related problems and sleep disorders could potentiate its adverse health effects among these young adults.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-022-00763-8.

Association between alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer risk differs by glycaemic status: A nationwide cohort study

BackgroundThe dose–response association between alcohol consumption and the subsequent pancreatic cancer risk by individuals’ glycaemic status is unclear. Research design and methodThis large-scale nationwide cohort study included 9,514,171 adults without cancer who underwent health examinations under the Korean National Health Insurance Service in 2009 and were followed-up until December 2017 for pancreatic cancer development. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed. ResultsDuring a median follow-up period of 7.3 years, 12,818 patients were newly-diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Among individuals with normoglycemia, a J-shaped association was observed between the frequency of alcohol consumption (1–2 and ≥5 days/week: hazards ratio [HR]; 95% CI, 0.91; 0.85–0.97 and 1.13; 1.002–1.27, respectively) and pancreatic cancer risk, after adjusting for potential confounders. However, in patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), pancreatic cancer risk increased with increased frequency and average daily amount of alcohol consumption (all P for trend <0.01). IFG combined with heavy alcohol consumption (30 g/day) was associated with 38% increased pancreatic cancer risk (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.23–1.54). Diabetes was associated with an increased pancreatic cancer risk regardless of alcohol consumption and 70% increased risk even in non-drinkers (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.61–1.80). ConclusionsThe J-shaped dose–response association between alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer risk was observed only in individuals with normoglycemia, not in patients with IFG and diabetes. Complete alcohol abstinence may help reduce pancreatic cancer risk in patients with IFG and diabetes.

The gendered relationship between illicit substance use and self-harm in university students.

To estimate associations between multiple forms of substance use with self-harming thoughts and behaviours, and to test whether gender is an effect modifier of these associations, both independently and along with perceived risk of cannabis use. Data were drawn from the 2018 Norwegian Students' Health and Wellbeing Study (SHoT 2018). A national sample of n = 50,054 full-time Norwegian students (18-35years) pursuing higher education completed a cross-sectional student health survey, including questions on past-year self-harm: non-suicidal thoughts of self-harm, non-suicidal self-harm, suicidal thoughts, and suicide attempt. Students reported their frequency of past-year alcohol use (range: never to ≥ 4 times/ week), illicit substance consumption, and perceived risk of cannabis use. The AUDIT and CAST screening tools measured problematic alcohol and cannabis consumption, respectively. We used logistic regression modelling adjusted for age, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and financial hardship (analytic sample range: n = 48,263 to n = 48,866). The most frequent alcohol consumption category (≥ 4 times/ week) was nearly always associated with more than a two-fold increased likelihood of self-harm. Less frequent alcohol consumption was associated with reduced odds of suicidal thoughts [monthly or less: OR = 0.87 (95% CI: 0.75-1.00), 2-4 times/month: OR = 0.79 (95% CI: 0.69-0.91), and 2-3 times/ week: OR = 0.83 (95% CI: 0.71-0.98)]. Problematic alcohol consumption was associated with most outcomes: odds ranging from 1.09 (95% CI: 1.01-1.18) for suicidal thoughts to 1.33 (95% CI: 1.00-1.77) for suicide attempt. There was evidence of multiple illicit substance by gender interactions: consumption of all but one illicit substance category (other drug use) was associated with all four forms of self-harm for women, but findings among men were less clear. Among men, only one illicit substance category (stimulant) was associated with most forms of self-harm. Women, but not men, who perceived cannabis use as a health risk were more likely to experience non-suicidal thoughts as cannabis consumption increased, and with harmful consumption patterns. Frequent alcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of self-harm and suicidality for young women and men. Associations between illicit substance use and self-harm and suicidality appear stronger in women compared to men.

The Relationships between Physical Activity, Sleep Duration, Alcohol Consumption, and Hypertension in Adults: Meta-Analysis

Background: Hypertension is a disease that causes damage to body systems. Risk factors for hypertension are changes in socioeconomic, environmental, and unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking, lack of physical activity, high-fat and high-calorie foods, and alcohol consumption. This study aims to analyze the relationship between physical activity, sleep duration, and alcohol consumption on the incidence of hypertension in adults with a meta-analysis study. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the population: adults (&gt;18 years old). Intervention: low physical activity, short sleep duration and frequent alcohol consumption. Comparison: moderate physical activity, normal sleep duration, and no alcohol consumption. Outcome: the incidence of hypertension. The articles used were obtained from several databases: PubMed, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The keywords are: “physical activity” OR exercise” AND “sleep duration” AND “alcohol consumption” AND "hypertension" OR “high blood pressure”. The article used was a full-text article with a cross-sectional study design and the results were reported in aOR. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: A total of 27 articles in this study came from 4 continents, namely Asia (South Korea, China, Lebanon, Thailand), Africa (Cameroon, Uganda, Ethiopia, Sudan), Europe (Poland, France, Portugal, Spain) and America (United States of America). The forest plot results showed that adults with low physical activity had 1.41 times higher risk to experience hypertension compared to people who did moderate physical activity (aOR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.22 to 1.62; p &lt; 0.001). Short sleep duration increased the incidence of hypertension by 1.19 times higher compared to normal sleep duration (aOR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.32; p = 0.002). Frequent alcohol consumption increased the incidence of hypertension by 1.29 times higher compared to no alcohol consumption (aOR=1.29; 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.49; p=0.0006). Conclusion: Physical activity, sleep duration, and alcohol consumption increase the incidence of hypertension in the adult population. Keywords: Physical activity, sleep duration, alcohol consumption, hypertension, meta-analysis Correspondence: Niken Putri Eka Saraspuri. Vocational School, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Email: nikenputri54-@gmail.com. Mobile: 081327372766.

PSYCHOPHYSICAL DISADAPTATION AS A FACTOR OF INITIATION OF THE CONSUMPTION OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN THE STUDENT ENVIRONMENT

The aim of the work was to determine the relationship between indicators of psychophysical maladjustment, individual functional status and consumption of psychoactive substances among students. The study involved 137 students of state universities in Arkhangelsk. Identification of the experience of using psychoactive substances was carried out using questionnaire and blank methods of retrospective self-assessment of the study participants. Determination of psychophysical maladaptation was carried out on the basis of a combination of psychological and psychosomatic symptoms of stress reactions and anxiety-depressive disorders. Stress resistance was assessed by analyzing the level of general nonspecific reactivity of the organism. The psychological status was determined by a combination of indicators of accentuations and personality traits that characterize the temperament and character of the individual. It was revealed that the regular use of alcohol (2 times a week or more) among students, in the overwhelming majority of cases, is associated with psychophysical maladjustment against the background of low human stress resistance. The level of smoking and samples of narcotic substances among students are positively, linearly related to the frequency of alcohol consumption. The psychological conditionality of the formation of anxiety-depressive and acute stress disorders simultaneously provokes the demand for psychoactive substances. A comprehensive assessment of the functional and psychological indicators of predisposition to psychophysical maladjustment can provide a prediction of the risk of chemical addiction formation among students.

Efficacy of Brief Intervention for Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy in Argentinean Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction Although Brief Intervention (BI) has proven to reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy in high income countries, there is no evidence from the Southern Cone of America. Thus, we conducted a study to assess BI efficacy among Argentinean pregnant women. Method and Materials We collected data on pregnant women receiving prenatal care at the public health system in Mar del Plata, Argentina. Women with less than 26 weeks of gestation (n = 486) were randomized to brief advice (BA) or BI. Three months later they were re-assessed; women with more than 26 weeks of gestation constituted a screening only control group (SC) (n = 154). Self-reported quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption, frequency of binge drinking, and related problems after three months were used as outcomes. We performed generalized estimating equations and clinical significance analyses. Also, we obtained newborn health indicators from the city’s health system database to use as objective outcomes. Women who did not participate in any of the three former conditions were randomly selected to constitute a non-screening control group (NSC) (n = 150). We compared objective outcomes among BI, BA, and NSC groups using the Wilcoxon rank test. Results In comparison with SC, BI and BA reduced alcohol consumption, without differences between the latter two. Newborns of women who received BI and BA had better health indicators compared with the NSC group. Conclusions performing either a BI or BA reduces alcohol consumption among Argentinean pregnant women and might lead to healthier newborns.

COVID-19 Risk Appears to Vary Across Different Alcoholic Beverages.

Objectives: To evaluate the associations of status, amount, and frequency of alcohol consumption across different alcoholic beverages with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk and associated mortality.Methods: This study included 473,957 subjects, 16,559 of whom tested positive for COVID-19. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of alcohol consumption with COVID-19 risk and associated mortality. The non-linearity association between the amount of alcohol consumption and COVID-19 risk was evaluated by a generalized additive model.Results: Subjects who consumed alcohol double above the guidelines had a higher risk of COVID-19 (1.12 [1.00, 1.25]). Consumption of red wine above or double above the guidelines played protective effects against the COVID-19. Consumption of beer and cider increased the COVID-19 risk, regardless of the frequency and amount of alcohol intake. Low-frequency of consumption of fortified wine (1–2 glasses/week) within guidelines had a protective effect against the COVID-19. High frequency of consumption of spirits (≥5 glasses/week) within guidelines increased the COVID-19 risk, whereas the high frequency of consumption of white wine and champagne above the guidelines decreased the COVID-19 risk. The generalized additive model showed an increased risk of COVID-19 with a greater number of alcohol consumption. Alcohol drinker status, frequency, amount, and subtypes of alcoholic beverages were not associated with COVID-19 associated mortality.Conclusions: The COVID-19 risk appears to vary across different alcoholic beverage subtypes, frequency, and amount. Red wine, white wine, and champagne have chances to reduce the risk of COVID-19. Consumption of beer and cider and spirits and heavy drinking are not recommended during the epidemics. Public health guidance should focus on reducing the risk of COVID-19 by advocating healthy lifestyle habits and preferential policies among consumers of beer and cider and spirits.

Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages Associated With Physical Health Status in Adults: Secondary Analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey Data.

Introduction:Alcohol consumption constitutes one of the main modifiable risk factors that contribute to the increase in the global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the consumption of alcoholic beverages on the state of physical health and its equivalence according to gender.Methods:Cross-sectional data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) (n = 3865), collected during 2020 were used. Structural equation modeling was applied to assess the fit of the model, which included the prediction of measures of alcohol consumption in physical health and the equivalence of measurements of the proposed structural model in men and women.Results:The proposed structural model reported adequate goodness-of-fit indices (SBχ²/gl = 3.817, CFI = 0.984, TLI = 0.968, RMSEA [90% CI] = 0.027 [0.016-0.039]; SRMR = 0.016). Frequent alcohol consumption had a negative effect on physical health (b = −0.13, P < .01). Similarly, occasional alcohol consumption negatively predicted elevated BMI and chronic conditions such as, diabetes, hypertension, CVD, and cancer (b = −0.09, P < .01). In addition, drinking patterns of alcoholic beverages affect physical health in equal ways for men and women.Conclusion:The findings highlight that frequent and occasional alcohol consumption significantly affected physical health in a negative way. Future interventions could address ways to encourage the adoption of a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risks of chronic conditions derived from excessive alcohol consumption.

Оцінка харчування та асоційованих із ним кардіометаболічних ризиків для здоров’я робітників взуттєвих підприємств

Irrational nutrition can cause the development of non-infectious diseases (NIDs) such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The aim was to investigate cardiometabolic health risks in shoe workers based on the results of nutrition assessment, anthropometric and clinical-laboratory studies. Materials and methods. The research group included footwear industry workers (n=200: 119 males and 81 females). The research program included a survey of workers on the state and quality of nutrition, anthropometric survey: determination of body height (BH), body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), thigh circumference (TC), body mass index (BMI), a body shape index (ABSI) waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and Body fat %. Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated by levels of glucose, total cholesterol (TCH), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL CH), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL CH), coefficient of atherosclerosis (AC), Triglyceride glucose index and index Castelli. Results. Unhealthy nutrition patterns have been formed among the working contingent, namely a significant imbalance of the diet, its energy surplus, insufficient consumption of necessary food groups, relatively frequent consumption of alcohol, especially by male workers, excessive consumption of salt, insufficient water consumption and non-compliance with the with the regime of nutrition. The results of anthropometric screening indicate the presence of overweight and obesity of various degrees, including visceral, in 35.94-42.65% and 10.3-20.58% of workers, respectively. The share of workers with medium (16.67-22.8%) and high and very high (4.69-6.7%) risk of morbidity and premature death from cardiovascular disease according to ABSI was identified. Violations of carbohydrate metabolism were found in 42.2-46.9% of respondents, lipid – in 43.7-48.5%. A group of workers at risk of developing metabolic syndrome was identified: the presence of 3 criteria was recorded in 14.1-19.1%; 4 criteria – 10.1-14.7% of workers. There was a direct reliable relationship of medium strength between WC, WHR and lipid profile (TCH, AC), indexes of cardiovascular risk and reliable feedback of medium strength between these indicators and HDL CH. The values of BMI, ABSI, Body fat % were significantly correlated with some indicators of lipid and carbohydrate (except glucose) metabolism, the strength of this relationship was mainly characterized as average. The use of simple anthropometric indices and analysis of lipid and carbohydrate profiles can be used in medical examinations of workers for pre-medical diagnosis of NIDs. It allows the early intervention and the development of effective measures to correct the health of workers.

Evaluation of alcohol use pattern among OST patients using alcohol biomarkers: Report from community clinics in India.

Background:Opioid-dependent patients undergoing opioid substitution therapy (OST) consume alcohol in a hazardous pattern which adversely affects their treatment outcome. This study aims to measure alcohol biomarkers to screen for secondary alcohol use in OST patients.Methods:A pilot study was planned to measure alcohol biomarkers (AST, ALT, GGT, and CDT) to assess alcohol use in OST patients from three community clinics. The biomarkers were categorized based on the reported frequency of alcohol use. The association of the biomarkers with the frequency of alcohol consumption was determined using the post hoc (Mann–Whitney) test.Results:Forty-five patients with a mean (SD) age of 37.04 (10.7) years were included in the study. Alcohol intake was reported in daily, weekly, and monthly patterns by 22, 63, and 16% of the patients, respectively. High levels of ALT, GGT, and CDT were measured in patients with daily use of alcohol. Serum CDT levels significantly differentiate daily and weekly use from monthly consumption of alcohol.Conclusions:Alcohol biomarkers significantly predict the pattern of alcohol use among OST patients. These results can be prudent in low-resource community clinics to improve the overall outcomes of OST in India.

АНАЛИЗ ФАКТОРОВ РИСКА РАЗВИТИЯ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ У ЛИЦ ТРУДОСПОСОБНОГО ВОЗРАСТА

Relevance. Cardiovascular diseases, according to the World Health Organization, are one of the leading causes of mortality among the population of developed countries of the world, including the Russian Federation. The development of cardiovascular diseases is closely related to behavioral risk factors such as smoking, unhealthy diet, insufficient physical activity and a number of other factors. The planning of preventive programs at the population level and the organization of effective preventive activities of the primary health care unit requires detailed and reliable information on the prevalence of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Currently, there is a need to raise awareness of patients about the risk factors for the development of diseases; to increase the patient's responsibility for maintaining his health; to form skills and abilities in patients to reduce the adverse effects of behavioral risk factors The purpose to analysis of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases in people of working age in the practice of medical office operating of the arterial hypertension prevention. Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of the complex of automated integrated assessment of the state of the cardiovascular system with statistical processing of the data obtained. For qualitative indicators, the statistical criterion for the significance of differences is χ2 (chi-squared). Descriptive statistics are given in the form of N(n%), that is, the number of objects with this feature and the percentage of the total number of objects in the sample. Results. Results. In the office of prevention of arterial hypertension, the average polyclinic of the GBUZ "City Polyclinic No. 91" of the city of St. Petersburg, for 5 years (2014-2018), 983 appeals of the adult population were noted. In 807 cases, there are persons aged 18 to 65 years with risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Of these, men applied 382 times, and women 425 times, which was (47.4%) and (52.5%), respectively. According to the frequency of appeals, it was noted that people over 41 years of age were more likely to apply than younger people. Analysis of the dynamics of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases in people of working age revealed that hypercholysteremia, hereditary predisposition to hypertension, are most common. Conclusions. The appeal rate of persons over 41 years of age is higher than that of younger persons. The frequency of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, overweight and obesity is increasing in 2/3 of patients. Among the studied patients of the prevention of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia was significantly more common in women, and at the age of 18 to 40 years. And, tobacosmoking, as a factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases, was significantly more common in men over the age of 50.

Alcohol Use in China: Unrecorded and Recorded Bai Jiu in Three Rural Regions.

In China, approximately 70% of beverage alcohol is consumed in the form of spirits. An estimated 25% of all alcohol consumed is unrecorded, mostly spirits (bai jiu), produced outside regulatory systems in small neighborhood distilleries, mostly in rural areas. Unrecorded bai jiu drinkers are generally older, male, prefer higher-strength bai jiu, and drink daily and mostly at home. To explore possible regional differences, researchers used interview data from 2919 bai jiu drinkers in rural areas in Hebei, Anhui, and Hubei provinces in China. Results confirmed that patterns varied by province. The sample in Hubei preferred unrecorded bai jiu with a more stable preference to alcohol type, tended to drink less frequently, and reported experiencing less drinking pressure, suggesting lower-risk drinking patterns in this region. The Hebei and Anhui sample reported higher frequency and greater amount of alcohol consumption, were more likely to experience drinking pressure, indicating higher-risk patterns in alcohol use in these two regions. The results provide needed details about regional differences in unrecorded bai jiu drinking patterns that are not evident in aggregated data and suggest variations in drinking patterns that may reflect local geography, local values, traditions, and ethnic differences.

Teratogenic effect of alcohol on the myocardium of laboratory animals at the stages of prenatal ontogenesis (literature review)

Background. To date, close attention is paid to the problems of formation and development of the myocardium in general and in particular its structural components. This phenomenon is associated with an increase in cardiovascular malformations in both adults and infants. These defects can be caused by genetic factors, as well as various teratogenic substances. One such substance is alcohol. Despite the risks, many women still drink alcohol during pregnancy. The main problem is that almost half of pregnancies are unplanned, so a woman may continue to consume alcohol for several weeks before learning about her condition. Especially in young women, fertilization can occur in a state of intoxication. In addition, under the influence of ethanol, cardiac function may be impaired in the absence of structural abnormalities. Chronic alcohol intoxication causes changes in the myocardium at all levels of its structural organization. First of all, teratogenic changes caused by the action of ethanol affect the development of cardiomyocytes in the process of embryogenesis, which contributes to the underdevelopment of the structure or function of heart cells. Although the effect of maternal alcohol consumption on the fetus has been studied for decades, there are still conflicting conclusions about the severity of myocardial morphological changes depending on the time, frequency and duration of alcohol consumption. Objective: to conduct a retrospective analysis of literature sources devoted to the study of adverse effects on the fetus caused by alcohol. Methods. The paper conducted a retrospective analysis of literature references and formed an understanding of the changes in the structure of the myocardium caused by teratogenic effects of alcohol. Results and conclusion. Analysis of literature sources showed a high level of adverse effects observed in offspring born to alcoholic mothers. Detrimental effects of alcohol cause changes in the myocardium at all levels of structural organization, including its ultrastructure. It was studied that prenatal exposure to ethanol induces significant changes in relative heart weight, left ventricular wall thickness and cardiomyocyte size. Exposure to high concentrations of alcohol in experimental animals during gestation can lead to congenital heart defects, such as atrial, ventricular, and septal defects. The main manifestation of the prenatal effect of alcohol after birth is the fetal alcohol syndrome, which combines various degrees of deviation in the development of the child.

An Ecological Model of Risk Factors in Older Adults With Repeated Exposure to Elder Mistreatment

Limited empirical studies examined the factors related to repeated EM exposures among Chinese older immigrants. Guided by the ecological model, this study aims to explore what are the risk factors leading to recurrence of EM. Data were drawn from the two-wave PINE Study with 725 participants having EM at baseline and 191 reported repeated EM after two years. EM was evaluated by a 66-item instrument, including psychological, physical, and sexual mistreatment, financial exploitation, and caregiver neglect. Logistic regression was used. Increasing financial independence was associated with lower possibility of repeated EM (OR: 0.72, 95%CI 0.56-0.92). Every one unit increase in ADL impairment (OR: 1.10, 95%CI 1.02-1.18), IADL impairment (OR: 1.09, 95%CI 1.05-1.13) and increase frequency of alcohol consumption (OR: 1.33, 95%CI 1.06-1.66) were associated with higher possibility of repeated EM. Social service could improve physical function, provide financial support, and reduce health-risk behavior to prevent the recurrence of EM.

Genotypic stratification of risk of acute cerebral circulation disorder

Genotypic stratification of risk of acute cerebral circulation disorder

Socio-economic context of alcohol consumption and the associated risky behavior among male teenagers and young adults in India

ABSTRACT Background Despite a minimum legal drinking age of 21 and a total ban on alcohol consumption in a few states, many young people in India consume alcohol. Frequent heavy consumption of alcohol puts adolescents and youths at risk of alcohol-related disorders and associated consequences. Using the most recent round of the National Family Health Survey, this study examined the pattern of alcohol consumption among male teens and young adults aged 15–24 years and its socio-economic context in India. Results Around 9% of the teens and 24% of young adults in India drink alcohol and the frequency of drinking varies largely. Christian teens and young adults carry a higher burden (26%) of drinking, followed by scheduled tribe males (25%) and those teens and young adults (23%) who are not educated. Teens and young adults across India are also involved in risky sexual activities like, unsafe sex and paid sex. Educational status, wealth status, caste, religion, place of residence are the statistically significant predictors of alcohol consumption. Conclusion Though individual risky behavior varies with age, specific interventions at individual, family, and at community levels can help the young adults to overcome heavy or dependent drinking.

A Personalized Approach Bias Modification Smartphone App ("SWiPE") to Reduce Alcohol Use: Open-Label Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effectiveness Study.

BackgroundApproach bias modification (ApBM), a computerized cognitive intervention that trains people to “avoid” alcohol-related images and “approach” nonalcohol images, reduces the likelihood of relapse when administered during residential alcohol treatment. However, most individuals experiencing alcohol problems do not require, do not seek, or have difficulty accessing residential treatment. Smartphone-delivered ApBM could offer an easily accessible intervention to reduce alcohol consumption that can be personalized (eg, allowing selection of personally relevant alcohol and positive nonalcohol training images) and gamified to optimize engagement.ObjectiveWe examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of “SWiPE,” a gamified, personalized alcohol ApBM smartphone app, and explored alcohol consumption and craving outcomes in people drinking at hazardous levels or above (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT] score ≥8) who wanted to reduce their alcohol use.MethodsIn this open-label trial, frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence severity, and craving were measured prior to participants downloading SWiPE. Participants (n=1309) were instructed to complete at least 2 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Recruitment and completion rates were indicators of feasibility. Functionality, aesthetics, and quality ratings were indicators of acceptability. Participants were prompted to report frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption weekly during training and 1 month after training. They completed measures of craving and dependence after 4 weeks of training.ResultsWe recruited 1309 participants (mean age 47.0, SD 10.0 years; 758/1309, 57.9% female; mean AUDIT score 21.8, SD 6.5) over 6 months. Participants completed a median of 5 sessions (IQR 2-9); 31.2% (409/1309) completed ≥8 sessions; and 34.8% (455/1309) completed the posttraining survey. Mean Mobile Application Rating Scale scores indicated good acceptability for functionality and aesthetics and fair acceptability for subjective quality. Among those who completed the posttraining assessment, mean past-week drinking days reduced from 5.1 (SD 2.0) pre-training to 4.2 (SD 2.3) in week 4 (t454=7.87; P<.001), and mean past-week standard drinks reduced from 32.8 (SD 22.1) to 24.7 (SD 20.1; t454=8.58; P<.001). Mean Craving Experience Questionnaire frequency scores reduced from 4.5 (SD 2.0) to 2.8 (SD 1.8; t435=19.39; P<.001). Severity of Dependence scores reduced from 7.7 (SD 3.0) to 6.0 (SD 3.2; t435=12.44; P<.001). For the 19.4% (254/1309) of participants who completed a 1-month follow-up, mean past-week drinking days and standard drinks were 3.9 (SD 2.5) and 23.9 (SD 20.7), respectively, both significantly lower than at baseline (P<.001).ConclusionsThe findings suggest SWiPE is feasible and acceptable and may be effective at reducing alcohol consumption and craving in a predominantly nontreatment-seeking sample of adult Australians drinking at hazardous levels. SWiPE’s efficacy, relative to a control condition, now needs establishing in a randomized controlled trial. Smartphone-delivered personalized ApBM could be a highly scalable, widely accessible support tool for reducing alcohol use.Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12620000638932; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12620000638932pInternational Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/21278