Frequency Of Courses Research Articles

A Bibliometric Analysis on Fuel Prices Fluctuations and Tourism under the Era of Sustainable Development

The tourism industry has great potential for growth in any economy. Its excessive input-to-output ratio has a significant favorable effect on the economy. Oil costs are affecting the tourism industry because oil fuel prices are a direct factor influencing the tourist industry both demand and supply. There has been demonstrated how the price of petroleum has affected transportation, aviation, and tourism has varied. So, for this purpose, the paper uses a bibliometric analysis method based on Scopus statistics, along with R studio productive methods and Vos viewer for visual results to determine the current trends within the along with oil price's consequence on the tourist industry. The findings used Descriptive analyses, thematic maps, and current trends of issues like oil price shocks and tourism operations to predict the frequency of courses. Lastly, by offering new research directions in sustainable tourism, this bibliometric analysis helps us to draw a conclusion to study.

Lycopene minimizes skin toxicity and oxidative stress in patients treated with panitumumab-containing therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer

• Lycopene reduces ≥ G2 skin toxicity frequency in course of panitumumab therapy. • Lycopene prolongs time to appearance of ≥ G2 skin toxicity ( p = 0.0007 logrank test) • Lycopene protects tissues from oxidative stress due to panitumumab therapy. • Lycopene administration saves antioxidants consumption due to panitumumab therapy. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibition leads to the production of reactive oxygen metabolites causing skin inflammatory reactions. Anti-EGFR therapies are frequently associated with skin toxicities which often cause treatment delay and impairment to patient quality of life. Lycopene is a compound in the carotenoid group with an extreme antioxidant action which accumulates in the skin due to its hydrophobic structure. In a pilot study, we describe lactolycopene effectiveness in reducing skin toxicity and protecting tissues from oxidative stress in patients treated with panitumumab. Despite the limited number of patients, we show an absolute reduction of skin grade 2–3 toxicity in 41% of patients and 46% of panitumumab cumulative cycles in the experimental group versus placebo; lactolycopene administration was able to abolish malondialdehyde (MDA) production, a biomarker used to measure lipid peroxidation in the organism, and replenish antioxidant consumption in the course of anti-EGFR therapy. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT 03,167,268 (Pasto trial).

P514 Influence of the frequency of glucocorticosteroid therapy courses on the hormonal resistance in patients with ulcerative colitis

Abstract Background One of the most effective anti-inflammatory agents in ulcerative colitis (UC) are glucocorticosteroids (GCS), which block the release of arachidonic acid, prevent the formation of inflammatory mediators, have an immunomodulatory effect, affect tissue fibrinolysis, which leads to a decrease in inflammation and bleeding of the mucous membrane. However, in 9–16% of patients UC, hormone resistance develops. Objective to establish the dependence of hormonal resistance on the frequency of GCS courses for 12 months without taking into account the starting dosage of GCS. Methods 96 patients with moderate to severe UC (Truelove-Witts) who received several courses of GCS. Males 51 (53.1%), females 45 (46.9%). The median age was 34±4.2 years. The duration of the anamnesis was from 3 to 7 years (Me 4 years). Patients were divided into three groups depending on the frequency of GCS courses for 12 months without taking into account the starting dosage of GCS. Group 1-st (n=30) received ≤1 course of GCS for 12 months for UC exacerbation, group 2-nd (n=34)-1–2 courses of GCS, group 3-rd (n=32)-3 ≥ courses of GCS. The frequency of hormone resistance (HR) was compared in groups of patients. Results Among 96 patients with UC, HR was established in 12 (12.5%) patients. In group 1 of UC patients who received less than 1 course of GCS for 12 months for UC exacerbation, patients with HR were 1 (3.3%), in group 2-2 (5.9%) patients with HR, in group 3–9 (28.1%) patients with HR. When comparing groups 1-st and 2-nd, it was found that the incidence of HR in both patients who received 1–2 courses of GCS for 12 months did not differ (OR-1.813; 95% CI 0.156 - 21.057; p>0.05). When comparing the 1-st and 3-rd groups showed that the incidence of HR in patients who received 3 or more courses of corticosteroids within 12 months is significantly higher than in patients who received ≤1 course of corticosteroids within 12 months (OR-0.088; 95% CI, 0.010–0.747; p<0.05). When comparing the 2-nd and 3-rd groups showed that the incidence of HR in patients who received more than 3 courses of corticosteroids within 12 months also has a tendency to a higher risk of development of HR than the patients receiving 2 or fewer courses of corticosteroids within 12 months (OR-0.160; 95% CI, 0.032–0.810; p<0.05). Conclusion The frequency of courses of glucocorticosteroid therapy for exacerbation of the disease for 12 months affects the risk of developing hormone resistance in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Systemic corticosteroid use in UK Uveitis practice: results from the ocular inflammation steroid toxicity risk (OSTRICH) study.

To ascertain adherence to an international consensus target of ≤7.5 mg/day of prednisolone for maintenance systemic corticosteroid (CS) prescribing in uveitis and report the frequency of courses of high-dose systemic CS in the UK. We conducted a national, multicentre audit of systemic CS prescribing for uveitis at 11 UK sites between November 2018 and March 2019. High-dose CS was defined as (1) maintenance >7.5 mg prednisolone for >3 consecutive months, or (2) >1 course ≥40 mg oral CS or ≥500 mg intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone in the past 12 months. Case notes of patients exceeding threshold CS doses were reviewed by an independent uveitis specialist and judged as avoidable or not, based upon a scoring matrix. Of 667 eligible patients, 285 (42.7%) were treated with oral or IV CS over the preceding 12 months; 96 (33.7%) of these exceeded the threshold for high-dose CS. Twenty-five percent of prescribing in patients on excess CS was judged avoidable; attributed to either prescribing long-term CS without evidence of consideration of alternative strategies, prescribing error or miscommunication. More patients received immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) in the group treated with CS above threshold than below threshold (p < 0.001) but there was no significant difference in doses of IMT. 33% of patients had been prescribed excessive corticosteroid when compared to the reference standard. An analysis of decision-making suggests there may be opportunity to reduce excess CS prescribing in 25% of these patients.

Mapping English language proficiency cut-off scores and pre-sessional EAP programmes in UK higher education

Over the last two decades, UK higher education institutions have performed successfully in the competitive global market of international student recruitment. A key explanatory factor is the increased provision of pre-sessional English preparation pathways, which allow universities to enrol students whose language proficiency at the time of application falls below programme requirements. Yet the scale and nature of pre-sessional EAP provision is poorly documented, particularly how the length, intensity, and frequency of courses converge with the minimum English language requirements of degree programmes. The present study provides a comprehensive description of the English proficiency cut-off scores (measured in IELTS) of 132 UK higher education institutions and documents the extent of institutions’ pre-sessional EAP programmes in the 2018-19 academic year. The results indicate universities tend to set cut-off scores towards the lower end of what is permitted by the Home Office. To boost the supply of international higher education and meet the demand for enrolment, institutions adopt multiple and sometimes lengthy English for general academic purposes pre-sessional programmes that often serve to bridge linguistic shortfalls of 1.0 or more IELTS bands overall and across the four components. Recommendations are made for institutions to set linguistic cut-off scores that reflect best practice.

Play meets early childhood teacher education

Recent policy changes connect play in early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings explicitly to learning, and to later school-learning outcomes, calling on early childhood (EC) educators to incorporate intentional teaching into their practice. Given these recent policy changes, the purpose of this propositional article is to raise awareness and promote discussion about the current place of play in initial early childhood teacher education programs in Australian universities and the vocational education and training (VET) sector. The article initiates dialogue by contributing a rhizomatically-informed analytical snapshot of publicly available information from course outlines and subject guides in EC initial teacher education (ITE) in 20 Australian universities and the VET sector. This rhizomatically-informed analytical snapshot showed that the word ‘play’ was absent or occurred at relatively low frequency in course and subject descriptive material. The least frequent occurrence was in materials from ITE degree-level courses. While the snapshot does not delve into the full course and subject content (and makes no claims to do so), the rhizomatic methodological approach used leads us to ask whether ‘play’ is being overlooked in the delivery of ITE and VET courses for ECE. Recent quality ratings of ECEC services in Australia support the idea that for beginning and experienced educators, the knowledge base may be less robust than assumed when it comes to combining intentional teaching with play-based learning and the achievement of child outcomes. At the very least, we propose that this warrants further investigation.

Problem of Ametropia in Children in Russian Federation

Refractive errors are remaining one of the most important problems in pediatric ophthalmology. At present, there are changes in organization approaches of prophylactic medical examinations in children. It causes the necessary of comprehensive clinical and economic assessment of their effectiveness.Purpose: to develop the recommendations for improvement of ophthalmological care for children with refractive errors. For diagnostics we used visometry, determination the vision characteristics, determination of chromosensitivity, biomicroscopy, definition of refraction of manifest and cycloplegic, determination of volume and accommodation reserves, ophthalmoscopy, electrophysiological study (EFI), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundusography.Methods. A retrospective analysis of typical practice of treatment patients with amblyopia and strabismus was organized. Data was processed with mathematical methods and descriptive statistics. Modeling, Budget impact and burden of diseases analyses were used for clinicoeconomical evaluation.Results. 636 patients aged from 5 to 7 years old were included. Depending on the age of the diagnosis of ametropia, three groups were identified. Group I (318 patients): the diagnosis was detected up to 1 year, group II (190 patients) — at the age from 1 to 3 years, Group III: (127 patients) from 3 to 7 years. A direct correlation between the age of ametropia diagnostics and frequency such complications as amblyopia, disturbance of binocular vision and strabismus development of strabismus was established. According to the results of clinical and economic analysis, uncorrected refractive errors in children are characterized by a high level of economic and social burden of disease (the older the age of ametropia diagnosis caused increase of direct medical and non-medical costs). With regard to non-medical costs, we established that a reduction the frequency of courses in vision office and operational treatment results in a reduction in payments to parents on temporary incapacity sheets.Conclusion: the optimal age for diagnostics of refractive errors in up to 1year from both clinical and economic perspective.

Determinantes na transição para a parentalidade

“Determinants in the Transition to Parenthood” BACKGROUND: #e transition to parenthood requires cognitive, af fective and behavioral changes. #e postpartum is dependent on several factors that may facilitate or impede the transition to motherhood, since the puerperium is quite conducive to the existence of psycho-emotional changes period. AIM: In this study, the objectives started by seeking to know the socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics of women interned in Obstetrics services; determine the level of psycho-emotional changes percecionado by women interned in Obstetrics services and know the relationship between the level of psycho-emotional changes and some socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics of women interned in Obstetrics services. METHODS: A descriptive study - correlational. A questionnaire concerning sociodemographic and obstetric data, and ‘Scale Changes the psychoemotional Puerperium (EAPP)’ to a non-probabilistic sample of 194 postpartum women hospitalized. RESULTS: #e mean age of participants was 29 years, were mostly mar ried, had secondary education and wanted and planned her pregnancy and achieved a normal delivery. #e level of psycho-emotional changes in these women proved to be low. Became evident that factors such as frequency of classes preparing for childbirth, type of delivery and the number of previous births, inuence the level of psycho-emotional changes. CONCLUSIONS: As we study the psycho-emotional changes that may develop during the postpartum period, we conclude that the vast majority of postpartum women showed lower levels of psycho-emotional changes, however, we think it essential to further studies in this !eld with a longitu dinal character, still leaning on the factors that seem to inuence the same, including the frequency of courses in preparation for childbirth.

Training in the public sector in a period of austerity: the case of the UK

This article examines what has happened to training in public sector organisations in the UK in a period of austerity. It draws on individual-level data collected over the period 2000–2012 and establishment-level data collected from employer surveys carried out between 2005 and 2012. To understand these data further, 75 qualitative interviews with public sector employers were carried out between mid-2010 and early 2012. This article finds that while training incidence remained relatively high in the public sector, establishment-level control over planning and funding fell faster than in the private sector. Nevertheless, the public sector ethos of serving the community along with the tradition of the public sector as a ‘good employer’ meant that the training system within public sector organisations remained largely intact, even when the availability or frequency of some courses was reduced. The result was that limited training funds were made to go further by reducing the frequency of courses, prioritising courses immediately relevant to front-line services, tightening the application of eligibility criteria among potential trainees and economising on training delivery – summed up by one respondent as ‘training smarter’.

EARLY DETECTION OF FATIGUE CRACKS IN TURBINE AERO-ENGINE ROTOR BLADES DURING FLIGHT

The author shows results of research done in the Air Force Institute of Technology concerning design, development and implementation of modern diagnostic systems for aero-engines. The papers gives brief description of a project of a new advanced monitoring system basing on non-contact blade-vibration measurement. Recent monitoring systems for engines offer a great potential to reduce the high maintenance costs of aircraft while increasing reliability and safety. These systems check for abnormal engine responses to detect failures, saving lives and reducing secondary damage to the aircraft. A phenomenon of dynamic change of an aero-engine compressor blades natural frequency in course of fatigue cracks propagation in their roots on the example of a Polish turbojet engine is described. On the ground of this phenomenon main working principles of a device, which measures vibrations of turbine engine rotor blades with application of the noninterfering discrete method (MDPh), used for early detection of first stage compressor blade cracks are discussed. Typical representation of the first stage compressor blades vibration during engine acceleration, representation of the first stage blades vibration during engine acceleration and deceleration with steady-state stator distortions, crack initiation and propagation symptoms in blades, comparison of blade vibration spectra of the same blades for different conditions are presented in the paper.

Constructing a Curriculum

The benefits of experimental archaeology have been outlined and discussed by many researchers in anthropological literature (see Binford and Sabloff 1982; Clark 2002; Raab and Goodyear 1984; Schiffer 2009). Yet, the frequency of courses focused exclusively on experimental archaeology in academia is seemingly incongruous. In this paper, I offer suggestions on how to teach replication experiments, qualifications requisite for implementing these methods in the classroom, and lessons learned from personal experience. I also discuss the role of replication experiments in creating better artifact analysts and anthropological theorists. As a case study, I discuss insights gained from teaching an ancient technology course between 2005 and 2007.

How far did we get? How far to go? A European survey on postgraduate courses in evidence‐based medicine

Over the past decade, evidence-based medicine (EBM) has gained recognition as a means to improve the quality of health care provision. However, little is known about learning opportunities to acquire EBM-associated skills. The EUebm-Unity partnership explored current educational activities for EBM practice for doctors across Europe. We surveyed organizations offering postgraduate EBM courses across Europe inquiring about their course programme, teaching content and strategies, and interest in a Europe-wide curriculum in EBM. One hundred and fifty-six organizers in eight European countries reported 403 courses that had started first-time from 1996 to 2006. Despite a steady increase, in absolute terms, the frequency of courses was low and varied from 1 first-time offering of a course per 640 doctors (Spain) to 1 first-time offering per 5600 doctors (Austria) over 10 years. Most adopted the McMaster EBM teaching concept of small group, problem-based learning focussing on interventions, diagnostic tests and guidelines, and included efforts to link EBM to patient care. Teaching staff consisted of doctors from academic and non-academic settings, supported by methodologists. Efforts to formally integrate EBM in postgraduate activities were only partially successful. Most organizations welcomed a standardized European qualification in EBM. A limitation of the survey is the lack of follow-up information about the continuation of courses following the first-time offering. All countries offer some EBM courses with varying teaching intensity. Learning opportunities are insufficient to ensure widespread dissemination of knowledge and skills. Most countries welcome more efforts to develop inexpensive and feasible educational activities at a postgraduate level.

Difusão de tecnologia e sexismo nas Ciências Agrárias

Este trabalho analisa a percepção predominante, no meio rural, de que a tecnologia é um produto relacionado ao universo masculino. Nesta pesquisa, são trazidos dados que evidenciam o grande distanciamento das mulheres rurais do acesso ao conhecimento tecnológico, produzido e difundido dentro da universidade, que está direcionado para a melhora da qualidade de vida e para as possibilidades de aumento na geração de renda no meio rural, mas ao qual elas ainda têm acesso insignificante. Trabalhou-se, nesta pesquisa, com a coleta de dados obtidos nos cursos oferecidos durante a Semana do Fazendeiro, ao longo de quatro anos, de 2004 a 2007, correlacionando a cada um dos cursos oferecidos a frequência de homens e mulheres nestes. Concluímos que o sexismo tecnológico se perpetua nos modelos de gestão das unidades produtivas no meio rural, que consideram a mulher em uma condição hierárquica de complementaridade e não como cogestora da unidade produtiva familiar, condição que lhe restringe o acesso a informações e conhecimentos técnicos, gerenciais, ambientais e de organização de grupos.

Sensitivity to Glucocorticoids Is Decreased in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Endogenous glucocorticoids (GC), which are under control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, play an important role in controlling chronic inflammatory demyelinating diseases, like multiple sclerosis (MS). Increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity has been found in MS patients and appeared to be negatively associated with acute inflammation. Exogenous GC are frequently used to treat relapses in MS, but the response to this treatment differs among patients, suggesting differences in sensitivity to GC. Previous, relatively small studies investigating GC sensitivity have yielded conflicting results. In the present study, we have investigated GC sensitivity in peripheral blood cells of MS patients (n = 117) and healthy controls (n = 45). GC sensitivity was measured by the in vitro suppressive effect of GC on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated TNF-alpha production. Blood cells of MS patients, especially relapsing remitting MS patients, were less sensitive to GC compared with blood cells of healthy controls. This turned out to be unrelated to previous treatment with exogenous GC expressed as frequency of courses of iv steroids or interval since last course. The use of interferon beta was found to be associated with a lower GC sensitivity. However, after correction for the use of interferon beta, relapsing remitting MS patients remained less sensitive to GC.

Methadone treatment and risk of HIV infection in drug users without legal access to clean injection equipment.

The particular situation of the Swiss canton of Vaud (population 550,000) provides favourable observational conditions to assess the efficacy of a methadone treatment scheme in reducing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among drug users. On the one hand, the canton has a long tradition of methadone treatment dispensed by medical practitioners. On the other hand, no legal access to clean injection equipment was provided up to 1989. For the 754 drug addicts having entered at least one course of treatment at the end of 1988, HIV status was assessed through two surveys conducted at mid-1986 and at end 1988 among the private practitioners and in the screening centers, hospitals, medico-social institutions and prisons. The overall annual HIV seroconversion rate shifted only slightly from 13% in the first study period (1984 to mid-1986) to 11% in the second period (mid-1986 to end 1988). In both periods, patients no longer on treatment, mostly stable abstainers, were the less exposed to HIV infection with a relative risk of 0.65 (p < 0.05). For those still on treatment, the risk of infection was associated directly (p < 0.001) with the frequency of courses and inversely (p < 0.001) with the duration. Between patients with more than 18 months spent on treatment and those with less than 6 months, the relative risk gradient was 0.8 and 1.4 before mid-1986 and widened out to 0.3 and 2.1 later on. This is mainly due to an increasing HIV incidence among newcomers into treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Frequency of dental visits in Sweden during 1974-77.

A longitudinal study of the frequency of dental visits has been conducted on a sample of 1302 individuals aged 20-60 years. These individuals had previously been interviewed regarding their dental care habits. They had also (subsequent to the interview) been clinically examined by a dentist. The results presented are based on the official dental care consumption statistics in Sweden, and thus differ from the information obtained from the interviews. In all age groups, women had a higher frequency of dental visits than men. The average number of courses of treatment carried out over a 4-year period was 2.0. Only 23% of the individuals received treatment once a year or more often, whereas 79% received treatment at least once during a period of 4 years. These figures were lower than those reported in the interviews. Individuals with a higher number of courses of treatment had also had a higher frequency of dental visits before, had been called in by their dentist for check-ups, had a higher income and knew more about teeth and their care, used oral hygiene aids daily and were living in metropolitan areas. Younger people with many remaining teeth and those with many decayed teeth had had a higher frequency of courses of treatment.