Frequency Distribution Of Groups Research Articles

A cancer center department of supportive oncology: Patient demographic characteristics.

e13518 Background: Supportive Oncology is critical to whole-person, modern cancer care. Our Department of Supportive Oncology (DSO) provides the following services: palliative medicine, senior oncology, integrative oncology, cancer survivorship, genetics, cancer rehabilitation, oncology nutrition, patient navigation, and psycho-oncology. Little is known on the patient population who access these services which makes program development difficult. We describe the key demographic variables in a Supportive Oncology Department (DSO) for age, payor, gender, language preference, and race across our health system, geographical locations, and DSO services. Methods: Patient encounters, as noted in the EMR, were analyzed in a Microsoft PowerBI (www.microsoft.com) database using visits from July 1, 2022 through December 31, 2023. Variables were pre-defined by the healthcare system. Descriptive statistics in grouped frequency distribution tables were used. Results: Female, White, English-speakers (respectively) were the top utilizers across our healthcare system (57%,62%,94%), the oncology service line (64%,69%,97%), and DSO (68%,68%,96%). By gender, females were predominant users (84%) of Integrative Oncology & Survivorship services. Males used Senior Oncology & Palliative Medicine most often of all DSO services (45%). Differences in race were noted in geography (Black urban 26% vs rural 18%). In DSO services, Black patients access for senior oncology/palliative medicine (combined) was highest at 26%. Lowest utilization for Blacks was psycho-oncology & genetics at 18 and 13% respectively. While the overall system had more managed care (55%), both the oncology service line and DSO had more Medicare and less Medicaid. DSO had more managed care (46%) than the service line (42%). In rural settings, DSO patients (39%) were more likely to be in managed care than those in the service line (34%). DSO had more patients in younger age groups (ages 45-64, 42%) than both the oncology service line (35%) and the health system (24%), regardless of urban/rural location. In both the health system and the oncology service line, younger patients were more likely to be in urban locations and older were more likely rural. For DSO services, younger patients (ages 18-44) were more involved in psychology (27%), genetics (26%), and integrative & survivorship care (19%). Older patients were more likely to utilize palliative medicine and senior oncology (ages > 65, 47%). Conclusions: This Supportive Oncology population reveals variation in service access related to demographic characteristics that can inform future program development. Important similarities and differences were noted compared to the wider oncology service line and health system. Age, gender, geographic, payor, and racial disparities may influence service utilization in Supportive Oncology.

ABO gene may be salient to the out of Africa migrations to the Americas

The source populations of Native Americans lived in Asia and Eurasia some 35,000 to 40,000 years ago. Consensus is that they migrated to Beringia some 25,000 to 30,000 years ago, when the low sea levels from the Last Glacial Maximum period allowed a land bridge to form to Beringia. Subsequently, the Native American ancestors migrated south to North and South America, whereas the remaining Beringia population, Eskimos, migrated into Canada and Greenland. Genetic evidence along with anthropological research adds much to the understanding of the course of their migrations and population growth. Because present-day Native Americans are essentially all of ABO O blood type, and the other Beringia populations, the Eskimos, were polymorphic for the ABO blood groups given the extensive research revealing pleiotropy of ABO blood group alleles, this unusual population frequency distribution of ABO blood groups offers an opportunity to understand how a population with no diversity of ABO blood groups differs from one that is similar in other genes but polymorphic in ABO blood groups. ABO blood groups in migrating populations provide supporting evidence for the timelines, destinations, and cultures of those populations leaving Africa. Other genes add to the power of ABO blood groups to provide this evidence. One of those genes, in the case of Native American and Eskimo migrations, is the gene for a dental trait called shovel shaped incisors, ectodysplasin A receptor (EDAR), which is prevalent in northeast Asian populations and is fixed in Native American populations. Because of the known climatic conditions in Africa at the time of the major out-of-Africa migration periods and malaria-related climatic aspects of the selection of the ABO A2 vs ABO A1 gene, it appears that the population ratio of ABO A2 to ABO A1 and EDAR associated shovel shaped incisor frequencies is associated with the timelines of the population leaving Africa as well as their further migrations. Because Native Americans have a very high shovel shaped incisor frequency and no ABO A2, their timeline of migrating from northeast Asia and Eurasia, observed using this approach and agreeing with other lines of evidence, is supported to be 25,000–30,000 years ago. Furthermore, separation of the Beringia population into a monomorphic ABO O group, the Native Americans, and an ABO polymorphic group, the Eskimos, in light of research supporting pleiotropy of ABO alleles enhances our understanding of their respective divergent migration paths, cultures, and population growth.

Journaling memorable and meaningful tourism experiences: A strengths-based approach to technology-mediated reminiscence

Reminiscing on memorable travel experiences is a common practice amongst many travellers. This study introduces positive psychology interventions – cultivation of character strengths and savouring strategies - to examine memorable and meaningful tourism experiences (MMEs). Although both interventions aim to increase well-being, little research has been conducted on their roles in enriching MMEs. MMEs are fundamental to understand as part of the travel reminiscence process. MMEs could be heightened by connecting tourists’ past experiences with their character strengths (capacities for ways of behaving). Savouring, on the other hand, facilitates the connections to places. The reminiscence process helps tourists gain self-knowledge and make well-being oriented choices in their future journeys. In so doing, this research study created an interactive strengths-based journal that facilitated tourists to incorporate their character strengths in their past MMEs. The narratives were structured to connect explicit experiential components, such as tourism activities, with implicit psychological factors, such as emotions, character strengths, and values. Data collection involved ten tourists of diverse nationalities who created 51 MME narratives. Participants were then invited to savour their strengths used, reflect on their narratives, and express their behavioural intentions for their next trip. Data analysis, using grouped frequency distributions, found that MMEs were associated with the moderate strengths rather than the signature (prominent) strengths of the participants, such as curiosity and gratitude. Appreciation of beauty and excellence was the most dominant strength observed. The findings showed participants preferred their future journeys to be congruent with their character strengths. Theoretical and practical implications for tourist experience research are outlined.

Pengaruh Metode Drill Terhadap Peningkatan Keterampilan Servis Panjang Bulu Tangkis Pada Atlet PB Macan Tunggal

This study aims to determine the effect of the drill method in improving the badminton long serve skills of PB Macan Tunggal club members. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a one group pretest and posttest design. The subjects used in this study were 30 members of the PB Macan Tunggal club. Sampling used Total Sampling and Ordinal Pairing by grouping the samples into two groups. The first group was the experimental group which was given treatment, while the control group was not given any treatment. The implementation phase of this study provided an initial test to find out the initial data from each sample using the badminton long serve measurement test. Furthermore, treatment was given using a drill with a net target and a field target drill which was carried out for 14 meetings and finally given a final exam to find out the final sample data. The experimental group's frequency distribution data includes an average initial test of 20.47, a final test of 34.93, a minimum initial test, a final test of 17, a maximum of 21 initial tests, a posttest of 25, a final test of 45 Std. The initial test deviation is 2,416, the final test is 7,245. The frequency distribution data for the control group includes an average initial test of 37.73, a posttest of 64.47, a minimum initial test of 26, a final test, a maximum pretest of 55, a final test of 80 Std. The deviation from the initial test is 8,787 to the final test is 10,769. By meeting the requirements of the homogeneity test and normality test, data analysis employed the t test. test. The results of the t-test in the experimental group obtained a significance value of 0.00 <0.05. Then the results of the t-test in the control group obtained a significance value of 0.00 <0.05. So it was concluded that there was an effect of increasing the long service badminton service on members of the single tiger PB club.

Identifying the Core Vocabulary for Adults With Complex Communication Needs From the British National Corpus by Analyzing Grouped Frequency Distributions.

Purpose This study is aimed to identify the high-frequency vocabulary (HFV), otherwise termed "core vocabulary" for adults with complex communication needs. Method Three major characteristics of the HFV-a relatively small number of different words (NDW), a relatively high word frequency, and a high word commonality across speakers-were examined so as not to lose any candidate words for the HFV. Specifically, instead of applying the traditionally used cutoff word frequency of 0.5‰, a grouped frequency distribution was used to examine the appropriate frequency ranges to determine the HFV candidates. To improve the representativeness of the HFV across ages, social backgrounds, conversation situations, and topics, 330,000 spoken words of 66 adults (29 men and 37 women; M age = 45.47 years, SD = 16.07) were extracted from the British National Corpus database for analysis. Results A distinct pattern of NDW was observed from the frequency of 0.1‰ in the grouped frequency distribution. In total, 671 words were found to be candidates for the HFV, accounting for 90.94% of the total sample words. After the word commonality analysis indicated at least 80% commonality across speakers, 203 words were selected for the final HFV; accountability was calculated at 80.62%. Conclusions With the innovative word analysis approach, this study provided an HFV list that can be used for a wide range of conversation topics. This method provides a scientific and principled approach to identifying and organizing vocabulary for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention that does not exist in many AAC resources that promote "core vocabulary" with identifying the source for vocabulary selection.

Distribution of ABO and Rhesus Blood Group Phenotypes Among Blood Donors at Bahir Dar Blood Bank, Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundAmong the blood group antigens identified, ABO and Rhesus are the most important in transfusion medicine. ABO blood group antigens are the most immunogenic followed by Rhesus (D antigen). These blood groups’ frequency distribution varies among different regions and races of the world. This study aimed to identifying the frequency distribution of ABO blood group and rhesus factors among blood donors in Ethiopia.Methods and MaterialsAretrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from September 12/2019 to March 18/2021 at Bahir Dar blood bank service. After getting a permission letter from the blood bank, data were collected from the blood bank donor data registration system, and descriptive statistical results were presented in number (frequency) and percentage. A Chi-square test was used to show the difference in the frequency distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among sex and blood donation site.ResultsFrom 40,053 blood donors, 67.7% were males and younger donors (within the age range of 18–24 years) account for 63.7%. All donations were from voluntary non-remunerated blood donors. The most common blood group was blood group O (41.5%) followed by A (29.8), B (23.2%), and AB (5.5%). Considering ABO and Rh blood group altogether blood group O positive with 37.9% was the predominant blood group followed by A positive (27.2%), B positive (21.4%), AB positive (5%), O negative (3.6%), A negative (2.6%), B negative (1.8%), and AB negative (0.4%). The majority of study participants were 91.5% Rh (D) positive.ConclusionThis study showed that blood group O was the predominant followed by A, B, and AB and most of the blood donors’ blood groups were Rh-positive (91.5%). About 68.9% of the total donations were from the first time donor.

Frequency distribution of space groups in soluble and membrane proteins and their complexes.

The space-group frequency distributions for two types of proteins and their complexes are explored. Based on the incremental availability of data in the Protein Data Bank, an analytical assessment shows a preferential distribution of three space groups, i.e. P212121 > P1211 > C121, in soluble and membrane proteins as well as in their complexes. In membrane proteins, the order of the three space groups is P212121 > C121 > P1211. The distribution of these space groups also shows the same pattern whether a protein crystallizes with a monomer or an oligomer in the asymmetric unit. The results also indicate that the sizes of the two entities in the structures of soluble proteins crystallized as complexes do not influence the frequency distribution of space groups. In general, it can be concluded that the space-group frequency distribution is homogenous across different types of proteins and their complexes.

ABO blood groups and liver cancer: prospective results from an HBsAg cohort study

ObjectiveThe association between ABO blood group and risk of liver cancer is unclear, although few studies have reported positive results. This study examined the relationship between ABO blood group and...

Distribution of blood type among dengue hemorrhagic fever patients in Semarang City

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus which is transmitted through bites of Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus[1]’ In Indonesia particularly, there has not been much research on ABO blood type associated with dengue fever occurrence[2]. This study aims to see the ABO blood group description and its relation to the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Semarang. The DHF sample cases were obtained from three hospitals in Semarang city (n=39), from the period of March to May 2017 and the control groups were obtained from healthy respondents with matched age, sex, and the district location (n=39). The data was analyzed by Chi-Square test. The frequency distribution of blood groups in DHF patients was 6 type A (15.4%), 10 type B (25.6%), 7 type AB (17.9%) and 16 type O (41.0%). In control there were 10 type A (25.6%), 12 type B (30.8%), 9 type AB (23.1%) and 8 type O (20.5%). Comparison between blood group B, AB and O to blood group A resulted in the p-value of 0.875, 1.00, and 0.136 which not significant. Although DHF cases at three hospitals in Semarang are not related to blood type, the highest percentage of the patients had O blood group (41%).

Frequency Distribution of ABO and RH Blood Groups among Medical students of KRIMS, Karwar

Frequency Distribution of ABO and RH Blood Groups among Medical students of KRIMS, Karwar

The potential contribution of yellow cassava to dietary nutrient adequacy of primary-school children in Eastern Kenya; the use of linear programming.

Introduction of biofortified cassava as school lunch can increase vitamin A intake, but may increase risk of other deficiencies due to poor nutrient profile of cassava. We assessed the potential effect of introducing a yellow cassava-based school lunch combined with additional food-based recommendations (FBR) on vitamin A and overall nutrient adequacy using Optifood (linear programming tool). Cross-sectional study to assess dietary intakes (24 h recall) and derive model parameters (list of foods consumed, median serving sizes, food and food (sub)group frequency distributions, food cost). Three scenarios were modelled, namely daily diet including: (i) no school lunch; (ii) standard 5d school lunch with maize/beans; and (iii) 5d school lunch with yellow cassava. Each scenario and scenario 3 with additional FBR were assessed on overall nutrient adequacy using recommended nutrient intakes (RNI). Eastern Kenya. Primary-school children (n 150) aged 7-9 years. Best food pattern of yellow cassava-based lunch scenario achieved 100 % RNI for six nutrients compared with no lunch (three nutrients) or standard lunch (five nutrients) scenario. FBR with yellow cassava and including small dried fish improved nutrient adequacy, but could not ensure adequate intake of fat (52 % of average requirement), riboflavin (50 % RNI), folate (59 % RNI) and vitamin A (49 % RNI). Introduction of yellow cassava-based school lunch complemented with FBR potentially improved vitamin A adequacy, but alternative interventions are needed to ensure dietary adequacy. Optifood is useful to assess potential contribution of a biofortified crop to nutrient adequacy and to develop additional FBR to address remaining nutrient gaps.

Suicidal ideation and behavior in institutions of higher learning: A latent class analysis

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among undergraduate students, with an annual rate of 7.5 per 100,000. Suicidal behavior (SB) is complex and heterogeneous, which might be explained by there being multiple etiologies of SB. Data-driven identification of distinct at-risk subgroups among undergraduates would bolster this argument. We conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) on survey data from a large convenience sample of undergraduates to identify subgroups, and validated the resulting latent class model on a sample of graduate students. Data were collected through the Interactive Screening Program deployed by the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. LCA identified 6 subgroups from the undergraduate sample (N = 5654). In the group with the most students reporting current suicidal thoughts (N = 623, 66% suicidal), 22.5% reported a prior suicide attempt, and 97.6% endorsed moderately severe or worse depressive symptoms. Notably, LCA identified a second at-risk group (N = 662, 27% suicidal), in which only 1.5% of respondents noted moderately severe or worse depressive symptoms. When graduate students (N = 1138) were classified using the model, a similar frequency distribution of groups was found. Finding multiple replicable groups at-risk for suicidal behavior, each with a distinct prevalence of risk factors, including a group of students who would not be classified as high risk with depression-based screening, is consistent with previous studies that identified multiple potential etiologies of SB.

ABO blood group phenotype frequency estimation using molecular phenotyping in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques.

A much larger sample (N = 2369) was used to evaluate a previously reported distribution of the A, AB and B blood group phenotypes in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques from six different regional populations. These samples, acquired from 15 different breeding and research facilities in the United States, were analyzed using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay that targets single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for the macaque A, B and AB phenotypes. The frequency distributions of blood group phenotypes of the two species differ significantly from each other and significant regional differentiation within the geographic ranges of each species was also observed. The B blood group phenotype was prevalent in rhesus macaques, especially those from India, while the frequencies of the A, B and AB phenotypes varied significantly among cynomolgus macaques from different geographic regions. The Mauritian cynomolgus macaques, despite having originated in Indonesia, showed significant (P ≪ .01) divergence from the Indonesian animals at the ABO blood group locus. Most Mauritian animals belonged to the B blood group while the Indonesian animals were mostly A. The close similarity in blood group frequency distributions between the Chinese rhesus and Indochinese cynomolgus macaques demonstrates that the introgression between these two species extends beyond the zone of intergradation in Indochina. This study underscores the importance of ABO blood group phenotyping of the domestic supply of macaques and their biospecimens.

いわゆる順位頻度分布と頻度度数分布との関係について : Baayen(2001)からの紹介を中心に(短信)

いわゆる順位頻度分布と頻度度数分布との関係について : Baayen(2001)からの紹介を中心に(短信)

Multivariate approach to the study of aquatic species diversity of dendrite streams of River Kano, Nigeria

Diversity of macroinvertebrates as well as Physico-chemical parameters were investigated in six sampling sites of Kano River between June 2014 to May 2015. The pattern of association between measured Physico-chemical parameters were significantly correlated using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and revealed high positive correlation between Total Nitrate and Total Phosphate at site A (.811) and negative correlation between Dissolved Oxygen and pH at site E (-.261). Eigen value of the three variables namely; Temperature, pH and Electrical Conductivity was satisfactory, explaining 73.64% and 70.79% of the total variance in dry season and wet season respectively, other components explained 26.36% and 29.06% noise. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin in dry season value showed 0.700 degree of common variance is middling bordering meritorious adequacy value while wet season showed miserable degree of common variance value of 0.500. Bartletts' Test of Sphericity showed no difference in wet and dry season with the significant value of p < 0.001. Macroinvertebrates species group frequency distribution of homogeneous set at N 2271 showed Chironomidae subset-7 with the significance of 1.00 highest in harmonic mean value and Planariidae in subset-1 has 0.59 lowest in the value. Generalized Linear Model further revealed the pattern in seasonal variation in the macroinvertebrates data set. The findings were discussed and recommendations made. Key words : Dendrites, Diversity, Eigen value, Macroinvertebrates, Multivariate, River Kano.

Distribution of ABO and Rh(D) Blood Group System among Dangi Community of Udaipur, Rajasthan

Blood is the most important body fluid, which is responsible for circulation of important nutrients, enzymes, and hormones all across the body. Frequency distribution of blood groups is important as it is used in modern medicine, genetic research, anthropology, and tracing ancestral relations of humans. The present study deals with the distribution of ABO and Rh(D) blood group system among Dangi community of Udaipur, Rajasthan which is least explored community particularly on genetic trait studies. A total of 130 unrelated individuals (male=85, female=45) age ranges from 8 to 19 years (mean age=14.47) were screened for ABO and Rh(D) blood group system. Bloods were collected by finger prick method using sterile lancet with prior informed oral consent from the subjects. The phenotypic frequency of blood group ‘B’ (38.46%) was the most common followed by group ‘O’ (33.85%), ‘A’ (22.31%) and ‘AB’ (5.38%) following the trend of B>O>A>AB. The phenotypic frequency of Rh(D) (93.85%) is higher than Rh(d) (6.15%) of the studied community. Interestingly, the present study revealed high prevalence of Rh(d) (6.15%) among the Dangi, however males shows greater prevalence of Rh negative with 8.24% as compared to females (2.22%).

Frequency Distribution Of ABO Blood Groups And Its Relationship With Some Chronic Disease In Iraqi Population Sample

The study aimed to determine the statistical distribution of blood group, beside the studying of genotypic frequencies and allelic frequencies in various samples. Three hunderds and eighteen individuals are used as sample representative of patients with Chronic Diseases, 142 patients with Hypertension, 176 patients with Diabetes Mellitus. The results revealed that O blood group higher followed by B then A and finally AB blood group. The results also showed overcome the positive pattern of Rh+ in comparison with the negative pattern of Rh- in all samples. Allelic frequencies calculation of blood groups for these systems were showed the highest frequency was allele i followed by allele IB and allele IA for the ABO system in the three samples, And the allele dominant D showed common on the recessive allele d in all the samples studied.There is strong evidence to suggest that there is an association between ABO blood groups and certain diseases, Therefore this study investigated the possible association of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and Hypertension with ABO type. The data were derived from 318 patient included 142 subjects hypertension, And 167 subjects had diabetes mellitus attending health centers and laboratories in Baghdad. The statistical analysis showed that there is a high significance differences and that the blood groups as possible to be an early indicator to have Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. And blood groups were compared to determined the relationship of each group with the disease, Statistical analysis showed that the O blood group have a greater risk with the disease when compared with the other groups. There is a possibility equal to the injury of the disease in people with two blood groups A and B, While the AB blood group have little chance when compared with the rest of groups, This is in the case of Hypertension. As in the case of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, The statistical analysis showed that there is a possibility equal to the injury of the disease in people with two O and B blood groups, Followed by people with A blood group, And the likelihood of injury in people with blood group AB was the least comparing to the other group

Korean word frequency and commonality study for augmentative and alternative communication.

Vocabulary frequency results have been reported to design and support augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions. A few studies exist for adult speakers and for other natural languages. With the increasing demand on AAC treatment for Korean adults, identification of high-frequency or core vocabulary (CV) becomes essential. The overall objective was to identify the frequency and commonality of spoken Korean words that occurred in spontaneous conversations for the development of AAC interventions. The specific aims were: (1) to generate a Korean CV list based on the conversations of Korean adults; (2) to address the characteristics of the identified words; and (3) to determine whether a quantitative data analysis procedure, based on a grouped frequency distribution, would support identifying high- and low-frequency words. Language samples were collected from 12 native Korean-speaking adults during conversation. CV words were identified based on a grouped frequency distribution analysis and a word commonality analysis. Results established a Korean CV list of 219 words with high frequency and commonality accounting for 60.82% of the total sample. Analysis of word types showed a wide range of particles and verb endings in the CV list. Finally, a distinct distribution pattern was identified from a frequency of 0.2‰ to support high-frequency word selection. The CV list and consideration of the linguistic characteristics of Korean are expected to be used to develop Korean AAC interventions. The grouped frequency distribution revealed a robust method to distinguish high-frequency words and to improve AAC vocabulary selection and organization.

Frequency Distribution of ABO and Rh Blood Groups among Donors Attending Blood Bank of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western UP

A Retrospective study was carried out in blood bank of a tertiary health care hospital in western UP over a period of five years from January 2011 to December 2015. A total of 28083 subjects were studied to determine the frequency distribution of ABO and Rh (D). Blood group B was found to be the most common among the subjects with frequency of 36.99% followed by group O (28.97%), A(23.70%) and then AB(10.33%). For Rh (D) positive it was B(34.77%), O(27.20%), A (922.11%) and AB (9.70%). While for Rh negative B(2.22%), O(1.77%), A(1.59%) and AB(0.63%). Among the total subjects 26338(93.78%) were Rh (D) positive and 1745(6.21%) Rh(D) negative within the age range of 18–60 years.

Generation and stabilization of whey-based monodisperse nanoemulsions using ultra-high-pressure homogenization and small amphipathic co-emulsifier combinations.

Ultra-high-pressure homogenization (UHPH) was used to generate monodisperse stable peanut oil nanoemulsions within a desired nanosize range (<100 nm) (DNR) stabilized using combinations of whey protein concentrate (WPC), sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100 (X100), and zwitterionic sulfobetaine-based surfactants differing in hydrophobicity. For WPC [2.0% (w/v)], the dispersed-phase fractions (φ) of 0.05 and 210 MPa significantly reduced the mean globule size (dvs) but the grouped frequency distribution was bimodal and larger than that of DNR. Addition of co-emulsifier sulfobetaine 3-10 (SB3-10) [7.5% (w/w) WPC] gave particles within DNR (dvs of 73 nm) though still in a bimodal distribution. Circular dichroism prior to UHPH showed little disruption of the secondary structure of proteins in WPC by SB3-10, whereas X100 obliterated it. A WPC/SB3-10 mixture retained some periodic structure even when mixed with X100 [10% (w/w) WPC] and remarkably gave a narrow monomodal distribution within DNR with the highest stability reflected by a lack of creaming after storage for 30 days (22 °C).