Frequencies Of Pattern Types Research Articles

Variability and concordance of sulcal patterns in the orbitofrontal cortex: A twin study

Sulcogyral patterns have been identified in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) based on the continuity of the medial and lateral orbital sulci. Pattern types are named according to their frequency in the population, with Type I present in ∼60%, Type II in ∼25%, Type III in ∼10%, and Type IV in ∼5%. Previous work has demonstrated that psychiatric conditions with high estimated heritability (e.g. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) are associated with reduced frequency of Type I patterns, but the general heritability of the OFC sulcogyral patterns is unknown. We examined concordance of OFC patterns in 304 monozygotic (MZ) twins relative to 172 dizygotic (DZ) twins using structural magnetic resonance imaging data. We find that the frequency of pattern types within MZ and DZ twins are similar and bilateral concordance rates across all pattern types in DZ twins were 14% and 21% for MZ twins. Results from follow-up analyses confirm that continuity in the rostral-caudal direction is an important source of variability within the OFC, and subtype analyses indicate that variability is present in other sulci that are not represented by overall OFC pattern type. Overall, these results suggest that OFC sulcogyral patterns may reflect important variance that is not genetic in origin.

Bilateralne razlike papilarnih linija kod desnorukih i levorukih osoba

The aim of the present research work is to study the bilateral differences in the frequency of pattern types of homologous fingers in left-handed and right-handed individuals of both sexes. The sample comprised 379 healthy people, of Bulgarian ethnicity, aged 17-58 years. In the female group, there were 219 right-handers and 53 left-handers, while in males - 66 right-handers and 41 left-handers. Fingerprints were taken by the typographic method, in a rotating manner. Papillary patterns were classified into four main types. The data were statistically analyzed. The results showed significant bilateral differences in women (lefthanded and right-handed) in the frequency of ulnar loops of the third finger. In men righthanders, there were significant differences in the frequency of circular patterns of the first and fourth fingers. There were not any differences found in the bilateral comparison of the frequencies of pattern types in the left-handed men.

Digital dermatoglyphic study in three west Algerian populations: Reguibates, Zenata, Oran

ABSTRACTThe study of Dermatoglyphics has a great importance in medical, judicial, criminal and anthropological research. Human dermatoglyphic traits present variations within and between populations. The purpose of this paper is to provide a descriptive analysis of digital dermatoglyphic traits in three Algerian populations and enrich the anthropogenetic database of this population. The current study was conducted on 315 healthy and consenting individuals, 228 (144 males and 84 females) from Oran, the second most important city in Algeria located in the northwest of the country, 46 Reguibates (20 males and 26 females), and 42 Zenata (16 males and 26 females). The results show that the most common descending order of pattern type frequencies for both hands in the three samples is Ulnar loop, Whorl, Arch, Radial loop. One exception is seen in the Reguibates sample that has an unusually high frequency of radial loop. The analysis of qualitative digital characters revealed bimanual differences in the three populations.

Stability of lip-print patterns: A longitudinal study of Saudi females

Lip-print groove patterns have recently been verified as a unique parameter for identification. This study investigated the stability of lip-print patterns over time to validate their secure use in civil and criminal investigations. One hundred and sixteen female lip prints were analyzed and compared with the prints of the same subjects taken 3 years earlier. The old and new lower lip prints of each subject were examined for similarities in the groove patterns in different areas of the lip (lower right, lower middle and lower left), and a score for similarity was developed for the statistical analysis of the lower lip stability data. No significant difference in the frequency of pattern types was detected between old and new prints (P > 0.05). Statistically, 89.6% of subjects showed characteristic typical groove(s) in the lip area(s) of the old and corresponding new prints: 24.1% in the three areas, 48.3% in two areas and 17.2% in one area. This study proves the lasting stability of lip-print patterns over the years in Saudi females and recommends paying attention to the presence of characteristic typical grooves in these prints. Further studies on larger samples, including male prints, should be performed to validate the lip prints for criminal use.

DIGITAL DERMATOGLYPHIC CHARACTERISTICS IN PATIENTS WITH SEX HORMONES ANOMALIES

Background : Dermatoglyphics are the dermal ridge configurations on digits ,palms and soles. Dermatoglyphic polymorphism results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The dermatoglyphic analysis is a valuable completion of initial diagnosis of some syndromes and diseases that are genetically determined. Our objective was to assess the relationship between digital dermatoglyphic patterns and sex hormones anomalies. Methods : Dermatoglyphic pattern type frequencies (qualitative analysis ), total and absolute ridge counts (quantitative analysis )and left /right asymmetry were assessed for 54 males with sex hormones anomalies and 55 controls . Results : Dermatoglyphics pattern type frequencies were altered in patients with sex hormones anomalies versus controls . In particular, there was an increase and decrease of whorls (38.2% vs. 33.5%) and ulnar loops (51.7% vs. 58.5%) respectively. The differences were significant ( 2 = 10.335 ; D.F. = 3 ; P 0.05 ) .In quantitative analysis , patients showed a higher mean ridges count than controls in both; the TRC (159.81 5.46 vs. 144.61 5.84 ) and ARC (213.72 11.19 vs. 187.96 11.07 ) respectively ,and a significant difference was observed in TRC analysis (t = 1.899 ; d.f. = 107 ; p = 0.06 ). Among patients with sex hormones anomalies 44.44% of them had a higher ridge counts on the left hand than on right hand versus 38% in controls . Conclusion: Our results supported the hypothesis that prenatal sex hormones levels may have a significant effect on the development of dermatoglyphics.

Characterization of Dermatoglyphics inPHOX2B-Confirmed Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome

Individuals with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome have characteristic variants in the PHOX2B gene (primarily polyalanine expansion mutations). The PHOX2B gene acts as a transcriptional activator in the promotion of pan-neuronal differentiation in the autonomic nervous system during early embryologic development, with a primary role in the sympathetic noradrenergic phenotype in vertebrates. Because sympathetic innervation has been hypothesized to affect the development of dermatoglyphic pattern types, we hypothesized that individuals with PHOX2B-confirmed congenital central hypoventilation syndrome would have characteristic dermatoglyphic patterning and that the dermatoglyphic phenotype would be related to the disease-defining PHOX2B genotype. Dermatoglyphic pattern type frequency, left/right symmetry, and genotype/phenotype correlation were assessed for 33 individuals with PHOX2B-confirmed congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and compared with published control data. Dermatoglyphic pattern type frequencies were altered in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome cases versus controls. In particular, there was an increase of arches in females and ulnar loops in males, with the largest differences for the left hand and for individuals with both congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and Hirschsprung disease. Dissimilarity scores between the congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and congenital central hypoventilation syndrome + Hirschsprung disease cases were not significantly different, nor were dissimilarity scores between all of the female and all of the male cases. No significant association was found between the number of polyalanine repeats in the PHOX2B genotypic category and dermatoglyphic pattern frequencies in the congenital central hypoventilation syndrome study groups. These results represent the first report describing specific dermatoglyphic patterning in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and suggest a relationship between PHOX2B and the expression of dermatoglyphic pattern types. An expanded congenital central hypoventilation syndrome data set to include the full spectrum of PHOX2B mutations is necessary to further delineate the role of PHOX2B in dermatoglyphic patterning.

Dermatoglyphic Pattern Types in Subjects with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate (CL/P) and Their Unaffected Relatives in the Philippines

To investigate dermatoglyphic patterns in 95 nonsyndromic Filipino subjects with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and 90 of their unaffected relatives. Retrospective study of dermatoglyphic pattern types. Negros Occidental and Cavite in the Philippines. Nonsyndromic subjects with CL/P and their unaffected relatives. Dermatoglyphic patterns were categorized as arch, ulnar loop, radial loop, whorl, or other by three independent raters. Pattern data from the subjects, the unaffected relatives, and an unaffected control population (from the literature) were compared using chi-square tests. As a measure of asymmetry, dissimilarity between pattern types on homologous fingers was quantified and compared using Student's t tests. The frequency of arches (p = .016) and ulnar loops (p = .04) were significantly increased, and whorls decreased in the affected group (p = .0015), compared with the unaffected group. Affected female subjects had significantly more ulnar loops and arches (p = .009 and p = .023, respectively) and fewer whorls (p < .0001) than the unaffected female subjects. There were no significant differences between affected and unaffected male subjects. Dissimilarity scores were significantly different between male and female subjects and between subjects with CL/P and unaffected relatives. Additionally, pattern type frequencies for the relatives fell in between the frequencies for the CL/P group and the controls. In this Filipino population, differences in frequency of dermatoglyphic pattern types and pattern dissimilarity exist between individuals with orofacial clefts and their unaffected relatives and between both groups and controls, with the major effect seen in female subjects.

Pattern influence on the fingers

In this study dermatoglyphic traits in 16 populations in northern Hungary were examined. The occurrence and probability of the manifestation of finger pattern types were analysed. Certain relationships were found that show that if a given pattern type is present on one of the fingers, then, in these cases, the frequency of pattern types on the other nine fingers typically is different from that in the entire sample. We termed this relationship or effect; pattern influence. In most cases there was a strong significant difference in frequency values between the entire sample and the studied cases. We studied the relationship of populations and pattern types using correspondence analysis. In the entire sample, most populations are located around the ulnar loop and the whorl. This arrangement is significantly and typically different in pattern-influence cases. Most populations aggregated around the pattern type in which pattern influence was studied. Pattern influence was found in all populations studied, and in both sexes.

Some aspects on the dermatoglyphics of normal and defective children in Bulgaria

By comparison with a sample of normal Bulgarian children aged 3 to 18 years, children with visual, auditory and mental insufficiency differ in the relative frequency of pattern types on the digits. These differences are particularly noticeable on the second and fourth digits. It is suggested that the restriction to these two digits is related to the differing evolutionary histories of the different digits, and differences in their innervation.

Asymmetry and intraindividual diversity in digital dermatoglyphics of Bulgarians.

A random sample of 2,130 apparently healthy Bulgarians, 1,065 of each sex, was investigated to obtain a detailed picture of finger dermatoglyphic asymmetry and intraindividual diversity in the population examined. Both sexes showed an almost equal pattern of asymmetry and diversity. Relative pattern asymmetry, taking into account the pattern type frequencies, tends to be higher in males, being especially pronounced on fingers which show a low asymmetry in other aspects. Like other populations so far examined, Bulgarians display higher rates in males than in females concerning the total, ulnar, and radial ridge-counts, their asymmetries, and intraindividual diversities. However, the more analysis of the ridge-count asymmetry is worked out in detail, the more it becomes evident that both sexes are asymmetrical not so much to a different degree as in a different manner. As a whole, the ambidirectional, directional, fluctuating, and relative asymmetries are practically consistent in both sexes. Important sex differences are revealed in the structure of the directional and fluctuating asymmetries concerning contrasts between their radial and ulnar levels. The sex differences in directional asymmetry are discussed in the light of possible effects of the sex chromosomes upon the mediolateral developmental gradients. Expressed modulation of the fluctuating asymmetry by finger is interpreted as evidence for considerable differences between separate finger pairs in their sensitivity to stressful factors. Presented results are relevant to anthropology and population genetics and could have implications in medical genetics and teratology, serving as normative data in pathological conditions.

Dermatoglyphics and the origin of races

Digital pattern type frequencies and frequencies of patterns in the Hypothenar, Thenar/Ist interdigital, IInd and IIIrd interdigital areas have been used for computing multivariate distances among four human geographical races. Results: Europids and Negrids stand near one another, Mongolids are remote from both and Australids are more remote from the three other races. This pattern of phenetic relationships corresponds to the evolutionary tree of Homo sapiens as reconstructed by the author on the basis of palaeoanthropological data.

Natural Selection in Water Snakes (Natrix sipedon L.) on Islands in Lake Erie

Although in recent years laboratory selection has become a commonplace, natural selection operating in wild populations has been quite difficult to document. Much of the published work has been inconclusive (see summary in Robson and Richards, 1936, for early work) or open to controversy (e.g., Lamotte, Cain and Sheppard, and Sedlmair on Cepaeca). The present study analyzes all available data on color pattern variation in the water snakes of the Lake Erie islands. These data appear to illustrate a situation in which migration and strong selection pressure combine to give a relatively clear-cut picture of differential elimination of color pattern types from a population. The uniform medium-gray color of the majority of adult water snakes inhabiting the islands in the western part of Lake Erie (as opposed to the normal dark banded type) was first noted by Morse (1904). In 1937 Conant and Clay described the island population as a separate subspecies Natrix sipedon insularum, differing from typical sipedon primarily in the large percentage of unbanded or weakly banded individuals. In 1954 Camin, Triplehorn and Walter compared the frequencies of various pattern types in wild-caught juveniles with those of the adult population and found a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of banded individuals from the juvenile to the adult population. In the present paper these previous data are reanalyzed and integrated with additional data, principally on frequencies of pattern types in