French Population Research Articles

Reform of the first year of medical studies and diversification of student profiles in France: an unmet need?

ObjectivesTo determine whether the reform of the first year of medical studies implemented in September 2020 in France met its objective of diversifying the profiles of students admitted to second year at the faculty of medicine at the University of Tours.MethodsSingle-centered, retrospective study, covering students who passed the first year of medical studies between 2018 and 2022. Student profiles originating from three different entry gateways (PACES, PASS and L.AS) to the second year of medical studies were compared.ResultsOne thousand four hundred and seventy-nine students over five promotions were included (806 in PACES, 329 in PASS, 198 in L.AS). The ratio of students who had obtained a baccalaureate with high or highest honors was significantly higher in PACES (85%) and PASS (96%) compared to L.AS (66%; p < 0.001). These differences were related to increased student intake via a standard pass in L.AS (21% compared to 3.2% in PACES and 0.9% in PASS) (p < 0.001). In terms of geographical origin, the proportion of students residing in regions outside the University City area increased significantly in L.AS (11%) compared to PACES (1.7%) and PASS (3.3%) (p < 0.001). The mean number of parents from the white-collar and knowledge professional category was significantly higher in PACES (0.91) and PASS (1.06) compared to L.AS (0.80; p < 0.001).ConclusionStudents with a scientific background and who obtained highest honors in their high school diploma, remain the standard in PACES and PASS. Diversification of student profiles was achieved only within the L.AS gateway, which represented 42% of total second year admissions during the post-reform year. Student profile diversification was therefore a partially achieved objective and follow up studies of future promotions is needed to assess the medium and long-term impact of the reform. Particular attention should be paid to the future of these students who have different profiles between L.AS and PASS to determine whether these changes will have any impact in the quality of healthcare for the French population.

#1111 The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on mortality: a study based on the National Health Data System (SNDS)

Abstract Background and Aims The Covid-19 pandemic had a major impact on healthcare systems, challenging the continuity of chronic disease management. Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) were identified as particularly at risk. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on their mortality using the French National Health Data System (SNDS). Method The SNDS contains the outpatient and inpatient care of all the French population. We applied an algorithm to identify individuals with CKD based on the healthcare consumption available in the SNDS. We identified two cohorts: individuals identified with CKD in 2016 and in 2019. These two cohorts were followed for one year after the year of identification. Patients’ characteristics were extracted from the SNDS and compared between the two cohorts. The event of interest was death documented in the SNDS with death certificates. The follow-up year was divided into periods according to the chronology of the epidemic: pre-epidemic, first lockdown, post-lockdown and second lockdown. Results The 2016 and 2019 cohorts included 570,701 and 674,008 individuals respectively. The two cohorts didn't differ in terms of age and sex or comorbidities (median age = 76 years old, 51% female). At 31/12 of the year following identification, 10.90% (n = 62,234) of the 2016 cohort had died, compared with 10.94% (n = 76,756) of the 2019 cohort. Among the 60-year-old and less, mortality in the 2019 cohort was lower than the mortality in the 2016 cohort in all periods of the follow-up year. This remained true among those aged ≥60 years old during the pre-epidemic period (Week 1-Week 10). During the first week of the first lockdown, the instantaneous risk of death for the 2019 cohort reached 5.42 individuals per 1000 in the ≥75-year-old group, compared with 3.12 in the equivalent period for the 2016 cohort (+68%). Conclusion All results suggest overall lower mortality in the 2019 cohort of CKD. However, an increase in mortality was observed during strong epidemic periods in the age group of those over 75. These results will be completed with the analyses of the healthcare consumption in the two cohorts describe above.

#581 Therapeutic management of patients with GPA and MPA: a nationwide observational study in France

Abstract Background and Aims Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) are rare systemic necrotizing vasculitis. Treatment per rituximab was approved in 2013, and recent guidelines recommend corticosteroids sparing. A real-life pharmacoepidemiologic retrospective study was set up to describe the demographic characteristics of hospitalized GPA and MPA patients and compare the treatments of patients included before rituximab approval (over 2010–2012, Group 1) and after rituximab approval in France (over 2014–2017, Group 2). Method All adult patients hospitalized for GPA or MPA between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2017 were included from the French National Health Insurance database (SNDS) which covers &amp;gt;97.5% of French population. Patients were separated in 2 groups according to their date of inclusion: (i) Over 2010-2012 for group 1 and (ii) over 2014-2017 for group 2. Descriptive analyses were performed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to model the duration of treatment induction and maintenance. Fine and Gray tests were used to compare treatment phases durations. Results The study involved 4445 prevalent GPA patients (including 1578 incident patients) and 1833 prevalent MPA patients (878 incident patients). Group 1 consisted of 694 and 283 GPA and MPA patients respectively; group 2 included 668 and 463 GPA and MPA patients respectively. Mean age and the sex ratio were stable over time. During the first year after inclusion, the proportion of patients with first-time hospitalized infections, diabetes or renal failure increased between 2010–2012 and 2014–2017. Between the two inclusion periods, the proportions of patients treated with rituximab increased both in the induction and maintenance phases whereas treatment with azathioprine declined (Table 1). As for methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids, the proportions remained stable. Conclusion According to real-life, pharmacoepidemiologic data in GPA and MPA patients, the introduction of rituximab reduced the use of azathioprine without affecting the use of glucocorticoids, although corticosteroids sparing should become a standard of care with the emerging treatment regimens. No reductions in adverse events were observed with the increased use of rituximab.

Are vaccination uptake and non-uptake influenced by our emotions? An experimental study on the role of emotional processes and compassion

Objective This study examined the effects of emotional arousal, emotional competence, emotion regulation (ER), and compassion on COVID-19 and flu vaccination intentions (VI) among the French population. Design Data were collected online from October to December 2020. Altogether, 451 participants (Mage = 35.8, SD = 16.4) were allocated to four groups. High positive (n = 104) or negative (n = 103) emotional arousal were induced into two groups using pictures and music, and compared against a control group (flu group; n = 116) and a reference group (COVID-19 group; n = 114). All groups completed questionnaires on emotional arousal, ER, emotional competence, compassion, and VI. Results The findings indicated a significant effect of group on VI, h2 =.023, 95% CI [–.002, .09]. The Group*Gender interaction on emotional arousal was non-significant, η p 2 =.015, 95%CI [.000, .041]. However, emotional arousal was observed to have a significant main effect on VI, η p 2 =.09, 95% CI [.043, .238]. The ER type*Emotional arousal*Gender interaction on ER use was trend, η p 2 = .002, 95% CI [.000, .005]. The emotional competence*ER type interaction on ER use was significant, η p 2 = .028, 95% CI [.011, .049]. Only experiential avoidance mediated the relationship between emotional arousal and VI, p < .018, 95% CI [.015, .18]. Conclusion Emotional arousal impacts VI. High emotional competence only reduces the use of dysfunctional ER strategies.

The history of the development of French Savat boxing

This article highlights the history of the development of French Savat boxing. It is indicated that French boxing savat is a spectacular form of martial arts that is gaining popularity in Ukraine, and therefore the question of studying the history of its development is relevant. The purpose of the article is to get acquainted with the history of the development of French Savat boxing. The final recognition of the respectability of sawat came in 1924, when it was included as a demonstration sport at the Olympic Games in Paris. In 2008, Savat was recognized by the International University Sports Federation (FISU) - this recognition allows the World Federation to hold official university world championships; the first was held in Nantes, France in 2010. The twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the International Savat Federation in March 2010 was marked by a visit to Lausanne to meet the President of the International Olympic Committee, Jacques Rogge. FISav President Gilles Le Dugot received a souvenir with the image of the Olympic rings. In April 2010, the International Sawat Federation was accepted as a member of SportAccord (formerly known as AGFIS) - a major step forward towards Olympic inclusion. However, the history of the development of French Savat boxing was not conducted by Ukrainian scientists. Studying the specifics of this sport will allow a deeper understanding of not only the sport itself, but also the peculiarities of the worldview and aesthetic preferences of the French people. An in-depth study of the cultural history of Savat through a historical lens will help to more vividly present the uniqueness and value of this tradition. This can interest and encourage young people to engage in French boxing, not only young men, but also girls, and it will inspire young athletes to reach the heights of sportsmanship. Conclusion. If the Europeans discovered the French boxing savat a long time ago and are developing it at a high professional and technical level, this sport is relatively young in Ukraine. Therefore, the scope for research in this area is large. French boxing sawat is an interesting and spectacular sport, which owes its technical elements. Therefore, it is worth paying great attention to the study of various aspects of this type of martial arts.

Neo-orientalisms in Leïla Sebbar’s Métro: instantanés

ABSTRACT This article examines Leïla Sebbar’s engagement with colonial-era orientalist iconography in her 2007 text Métro: instantanés, a collection of literary snapshots of scenes glimpsed in the Parisian metro dating from 1997 through 2006. Whereas critics have frequently affirmed that Sebbar’s evocations of orientalist visual artefacts work to subvert orientalist discourse, the author proposes that a number of these snapshots constitute a largely uncritical reinscription of contemporary formulations of orientalist discourse. In particular, the author analyses Sebbar’s portraits of French Muslim girls and women in relation to debates regarding the political, social and cultural meaning of Islamic headscarves. Through a comparative analysis of Métro: instantanés and Sebbar’s Mes Algéries trilogy (2004–2008), the author argues that the former betrays a nostalgia for a past era of Franco-Arab political and cultural expression, one that inflects her portraits of French Muslim girls and women at the turn of the century. These portraits are not the neutral, documentary objects that their form suggests, but rather Sebbar’s personal vision of contemporary France, one that significantly overlaps a neo-orientalist and neo-colonial imaginary in which the bodies of French Muslim girls and women threaten the values and security of the Republic.

Impact of Atopic Dermatitis on Adult Women's Lives: A Survey of 1,009 French Women.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory diseases, and has a higher prevalence among females in adulthood. The aim of this observational, cross-sectional, survey-based study was to evaluate the impact of AD on the daily lives of adult women patients. A scientific committee composed exclusively of women constructed a specific questionnaire in partnership with the French Eczema Association. Severity of AD was evaluated with the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM). A sample of 1,009 adult women (mean age ± standard deviation: 41.8 ± 14.2 years) with AD was identified from a representative sample of the French population (82% response rate 1,230 women surveyed). According to the POEM, 50.64% (n = 511) of subjects were identified as having mild AD, 39.35% (n = 397) moderate AD, and 10.01% (n = 101) severe AD. Overall, 67.7% (n = 682) reported that their eczema involved a visible area (face, neck or hands), and 19.6% (n = 198) a sensual area (breasts/chest, genital area or buttocks). Of the 720 women with menstrual cycles, exacerbations of AD were reported to occur mostly before (50.6%) and during (48.3%) menstruation. A small proportion of women, 7.3% (n = 74), reported being afraid of becoming pregnant because of their eczema. If AD involvement was in a visible area it had a greater impact on romantic relationships, sexual relationships and occupation. If AD involvement was in a sensual area it had a greater influence on romantic relationships and sexuality. Particular attention should be given to patients with localization of AD on the face, neck or hands, as they have a higher risk of social exclusion. Moreover, these results should encourage health professionals to ask patients with AD about the possible involvement of sensual areas.

A knot of hybrids: Differentiating Asian knotweeds in North‐Eastern France using genetic, cytological, and morphological data

AbstractThe two invasive Reynoutria species, Reynoutria japonica var. japonica and Reynoutria sachalinensis, and their hybrid Reynoutria x bohemica are often misidentified by managers and nonspecialists. The taxonomic confusions are all the more exacerbated by the infraspecific variability of introduced populations in terms of morphology, genetic diversity, and ploidy level. We resolved the identity of North‐Eastern French invasive populations using 4582 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a RADseq analysis, DNA contents estimated by flow cytometry, and 12 vegetative morphometric variables. The SNPs supported only one single genotype for R. japonica over 11 localities, while the nine localities of Reynoutria x bohemica were represented by one genotype each. Estimation of genome size using DAPI staining and flow cytometry revealed only octoploid cytotypes for R. japonica and hexaploid cytotypes for R. x bohemica, whereas R. sachalinensis was represented by tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes. Among morphometric variables, no single one allows for a clear differentiation of the three taxa. We propose a combination of characters to easily and quickly identify these three invasive taxa based on six vegetative criteria including leaf and apex length, as well as leaf shape, leaf base, and apex shape, and the extrafloral nectaries on the node.

The reproductive journeys of French women over 40 seeking assisted reproductive technology treatments in Spain

Fertility decline is a complex phenomenon resulting from converging social and cultural changes that are governed through politics. As it has been discussed in many studies, the European's low fertility rate goes hand in hand with the trend of maternity postponement. Although in many European countries over the last decades reproduction is envisaged as an individual choice that can be made at older ages, having a child after a certain age can be impossible -either “naturally” or using assisted reproductive technology-depending on the medical and legislative possibilities and limits of the country in which people live. In the extremely diverse European reproscape, reproductive legislations have forced but also allowed many people to seek reproductive treatments outside their home countries.Spain is a leading destination in Europe for cross border reproductive travel and, of the foreigners it receives, the French are the largest group. Despite having a history of strong pro-natalist policies, France has been one of the strictest European countries regarding access to medically assisted procreation. Until 2022, only heterosexual couples in which women were under 43 years of age could access treatments. Despite the recent opening of access to “all women”, including single women and same-sex female couples, women over 43 years of age were once again excluded from the new legal framework and therefore remain condemned to travel abroad to access reproductive treatments. In this article, we analyze the experience of French women over 40 who cross the Spanish border to access reproductive treatments in order to fulfill their desire to have children. Through ethnographic data emerging from six years of participant observation and in-depth interviews with 15 women, we explore why they remain excluded from the French system of reproductive governance and the obstacles they face during their reproductive journey.

Perceived health status after mid-urethral sling revision in 287 women from the VIGI-MESH registry: A cross-sectional study.

To evaluate the health status and recovery of women after mid-urethral sling (MUS) revision in response to complications. Cross-sectional study using a questionnaire sent to women from a registry. Twenty-two French surgical centres. A total of 287 women from the VIGI-MESH registry responded, having undergone MUS revision for complications. Our sample of women were compared against a representative set of French women taken from the Eurostat database. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify clinical predictors for successful MUS revision. A qualitative analysis was carried out on free-text comments. Health status, defined by the Minimum European Health Module, and recovery, assessed by Patient Global Impression of Improvement. The response rate was 76% (287/378), with 49% of the women (141/287, 95% CI 43%-55%) reporting good health status, which was 8 points lower than that expected from the comparator French set (57%, 95% CI 55%-58%). Overall, 53% (147/275, 95% CI 47%-59%) of the women reported feeling much better after MUS revision. Just over one-third (35%, 95/275, 95% CI 29%-40%) of respondents reported poor health with little or no improvement. Multivariate analysis showed that being operated on for pain at revision was associated with worse self-perceived health than being operated on for exposure (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.14-0.95); women with pre-existing comorbidity reported a poorer health status following MUS revision (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.13-0.38). Our results suggest that half of the women recovered good health status after MUS revision, whereas a proportion appeared to be seriously affected by an MUS complication despite the revision.

Adverse Psychological Processes Associated with Sexual Harassment at Work among French Women

Adverse Psychological Processes Associated with Sexual Harassment at Work among French Women

Le rapport des jeunes français à la laïcité dans un monde globalisé

Various opinion surveys published since 2020 have shown that, when it comes to secularism, young French people are much more liberal than their elders. The authors of this article ask to what extent this divide is linked to globalization, a process that particularly concerns millennials, and which is sometimes perceived as weakening the transmission of national values. By constructing and analyzing a survey that, in an unprecedented way, crosses the level of integration into globalization and the relationship to secularism of 18–30 year-olds, they show that the two variables interact, but that globalization both widens and closes generational gaps in secularism.

Experiences of Women With Medical Abortion Care Reflected in Social Media (VEILLE Study): Noninterventional Retrospective Exploratory Infodemiology Study.

Abortion (also known as termination of pregnancy) is an essential element of women's reproductive health care. Feedback from women who underwent medical termination of pregnancy about their experience is crucial to help practitioners identify women's needs and develop necessary tools to improve the abortion care process. However, the collection of this feedback is quite challenging. Social media offer anonymity for women who share their abortion experience. This exploratory infodemiology study aimed to analyze, through French social media posts, personal medical symptoms and the different experiences and information dynamics associated with the medical abortion process. A retrospective study was performed by analyzing posts geolocated in France and published from January 1, 2017, to November 30, 2021. Posts were extracted from all French-language general and specialized publicly available web forums using specific keywords. Extracted messages were cleaned and pseudonymized. Automatic natural language processing methods were used to identify posts from women having experienced medical abortion. Biterm topic modeling was used to identify the main discussion themes and the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities was used to identify medical terms. Encountered difficulties were explored using qualitative research methods until the saturation of concepts was reached. Analysis of 5398 identified posts (3409 users) led to the identification of 9 major topics: personal experience (n=2413 posts, 44.7%), community support (n=1058, 19.6%), pain and bleeding (n=797, 14.8%), psychological experience (n=760, 14.1%), questioned efficacy (n=410, 7.6%), social pressure (n=373, 6.9%), positive experiences (n=257, 4.8%), menstrual cycle disorders (n=107, 2%), and reported inefficacy (n=104, 1.9%). Pain, which was mentioned in 1627 (30.1%) of the 5398 posts by 1024 (30.0%) of the 3409 users, was the most frequently reported medical term. Pain was considered severe to unbearable in 24.5% of the cases (399 of the 1627 posts). Lack of information was the most frequently reported difficulty during and after the process. Our findings suggest that French women used social media to share their experiences, offer and find support, and provide and receive information regarding medical abortion. Infodemiology appears to be a useful tool to obtain women's feedback, therefore offering the opportunity to enhance care in women undergoing medical abortion.

General population normative values for the EORTC QLQ-C30 by age, sex, and health condition for the French general population

BackgroundGeneral population normative values for the widely used health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measure EORTC QLQ-C30 support the interpretation of trial results and HRQoL of patients in clinical practice. Here, we provide sex-, age- and health condition-specific normative values for the EORTC QLQ-C30 in the French general population.MethodsFrench general population data was collected in an international EORTC project. Online panels with quota samples were used to recruit sex and age groups. Number and type of comorbidities were assessed. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate general population values for each QLQ-C30 scale, separately for sex, age, and presence of one- and more chronic health conditions. A multivariate linear regression model has been developed to allow estimating the effect of sex, age, and the presence for one- and more chronic health conditions on EORTC QLQ-C30 scores. Data was weighted according to United Nation statistics adjusting for the proportion of sex and age groups.ResultsIn total, 1001 French respondents were included in our analyses. The weighted mean age was 47.9 years, 514 (51.3%) participants were women, and 497 (52.2%) participants reported at least one health condition. Men reported statistically significant better scores for Emotional Functioning (+9.6 points, p = 0.006) and Fatigue (−7.8 point; p = 0.04); women reported better profiles for Role Functioning (+8.7 points; p = 0.008) and Financial Difficulty (−7.8 points, p = 0.011). According to the regression model, the sex effect was statistically significant in eight scales; the effect of increasing age had a statistically significant effect on seven of the 15 EORTC QLQ-C30 scales. The sex- and age effect varied in its direction across the various scales. The presence of health conditions showed a strong negative effect on all scales.ConclusionThis is the first publication of detailed French normative values for the EORTC QLQ-C30. It aims to support the interpretation of HRQoL profiles in French cancer populations. The strong impact of health conditions on QLQ-C30 scores highlights the importance of considering the impact of comorbidities in cancer patients when interpreting HRQoL data.

Environmental trade-offs of meeting nutritional requirements with a lower share of animal protein for adult subpopulations

Decreasing the share of protein contributed by animal-based foods is recommended to move towards more sustainable and healthier diets. This study aimed to assess potential environmental impacts of diets with a lower share of animal protein. The diets were modeled to include the minimum share of animal protein in total protein that met nutrient requirements and did not increase costs. The new diets also minimized the difference in the quantity of food from those of observed (OBS) diets. They were modeled for five adult subpopulations (defined by sex and age) using mathematical optimization. The model was created by combining the INCA2 database (to model OBS diets in the French population) and a database of 207 food items to adjust nutritional and price parameters. All modeled diets satisfied nutritional and cost constraints. A low-animal-protein (LAP) diet was identified for each subpopulation by progressively decreasing the share of animal protein by steps of 5% until the recommended quantity of protein and/or consumption constraints were no longer satisfied. Potential environmental impacts of the LAP diets in eight impact categories were calculated using life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle inventories from Agribalyse® 3.0. A LAP diet for the entire population was calculated as a weighted mean of the subpopulations’ LAP diets. The share of animal protein decreased from 70% in the OBS diet to 50% in the LAP diet. Compared to the OBS diet, the LAP diet decreased five environmental impacts: climate change (greenhouse gas emissions), acidification (emissions of acidifying compounds) and land occupation (all by more than 30%), cumulative energy demand (by 23%) and marine eutrophication (by 13%). Conversely, it increased three environmental impacts: freshwater eutrophication and water use (both by ca. 40%) and biodiversity damage potential (potential loss of species associated with land use) (by 66%). These results suggest that decreasing the share of animal protein to 50% is compatible with nutritional requirements, affordability and consumption constraints, but would have mixed effects on the environment.

La téléconsultation, une modalité prometteuse pour les programmes psychoéducatifs destinés aux parents d’enfants ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme

The disclosure to parents of a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) for a child has an impact on their mental health and well-being. Programs have been established to support them. One of these programs, “Beyond ASD, parenting skills within my reach!”, created in Quebec, has been tested and validated on Quebec and French populations. So far, the evaluation of the effects of the program on a Canadian population showed interesting results regarding knowledge about ASD, parents’ use of strategies, locus of control, and parental stress, but these variations and positive changes were also observed in a control group with access to another form of intervention. The preliminary results for a French population indicated that parents appeared to be significantly less stressed, and they improved certain areas of their quality of life. These results showed the need to offer support to parents after they were given a diagnosis of autism for their child as a post-diagnosis proposal. Nevertheless, parents are often overwhelmed after their child's diagnosis, because of the accumulation of work, school and specific interventions for their child. French parents also experience difficulties due to transportation problems in the Île-de-France region. The COVID-19 sanitary restrictions only served to heighten these difficulties. Therefore, professional mental healthcare providers aimed to pursue offering a program to parents following the diagnosis of their child in spite of these constraints. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of teleconsultation for healthcare treatments. The objectives of the present study were to quantitatively assess parental satisfaction and their perception of change in their parenting skills after they participated in the program delivered through teleconsultation, and how they qualitatively expressed themselves about the advantages and limits of the teleconsultation modality. We also sought to be able to determine to which type of parents this program could be recommended, the expected benefits for parents in terms of shared experience, learning and exchanges, and finally to evaluate the program itself as a post-diagnosis proposal. The study involved fourteen parents of children with ASD: eleven French and three French Canadians. The quantitative results showed an average satisfaction of 95.36% and an acceptability of 89.46% of the total score; the qualitative results indicated the satisfaction of parents who participated in the teleconsultation program in France and Quebec. They are consistent with the results obtained in face-to-face sessions. The results show the benefits for parents who used the teleconsultation program, while allowing a greater number of people to participate. This preliminary study of the feasibility and acceptability of the teleconsultation modality for parents of children with ASD makes it possible to consider a validation of this new modality. The quantitative and qualitative data demonstrated that parents reported acquiring new skills at a crucial period for them when they felt the increased needs and challenges in their perceived competencies to deal with self-efficacy and stress compared to other parents. The results confirmed parental interest in psychoeducational programs after their child had been given an ASD diagnosis. They were satisfied with the relationship they had with the professionals and other parents in the teleconsultation program. The results also indicated they felt respected and understood. The use of teleconsultation didn’t seem to interfere with these feelings and helped them during a difficult personal time. The limits of the present study include a possible social bias, a limited number of subjects, and a possible inequality in the participants’ ability to use digital media. Whereas diagnosis and parental intervention represent a societal stake, we need to adapt programs involving new modalities in order to reach the largest number of parents possible, and we need to remain mindful to follow recommendations and parental feedback regarding the necessity of maintaining informal time to encourage exchanges between parents. New challenges seem to be raised and considered for future implementation.

Glyphosate presence in human sperm: First report and positive correlation with oxidative stress in an infertile French population

Environmental exposure to endocrine disruptors, such as pesticides, could contribute to a decline of human fertility. Glyphosate (GLY) is the main component of Glyphosate Based Herbicides (GBHs), which are the most commonly herbicides used in the world. Various animal model studies demonstrated its reprotoxicity. In Europe, GLY authorization in agriculture has been extended until 2034. Meanwhile the toxicity of GLY in humans is still in debate. The aims of our study were firstly to analyse the concentration of GLY and its main metabolite, amino-methyl-phosphonic acid (AMPA) by LC/MS-MS in the seminal and blood plasma in an infertile French men population (n=128). We secondly determined Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and Total Oxidant Status (TOS) using commercial colorimetric kits and some oxidative stress biomarkers including malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) by ELISA assays. We next analysed potential correlations between GLY and oxidative stress biomarkers concentration and sperm parameters (sperm concentration, progressive speed, anormal forms). Here, we detected for the first time GLY in the human seminal plasma in significant proportions and we showed that its concentration was four times higher than those observed in blood plasma. At the opposite, AMPA was undetectable. We also observed a strong positive correlation between plasma blood GLY concentrations and plasma seminal GLY and 8-OHdG concentrations, the latter reflecting DNA impact. In addition, TOS, Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) (TOS/TAS), MDA blood and seminal plasma concentrations were significantly higher in men with glyphosate in blood and seminal plasma, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest a negative impact of GLY on the human reproductive health and possibly on his progeny. A precaution principle should be applied at the time of the actual discussion of GLY and GBHs formulants uses in Europe by the authorities.

Mortality in French people with polyhandicap/profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.

In recent decades, progress has been made in the care of people with polyhandicap/profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) through a better understanding of the pathophysiology and the development of new care management and rehabilitation strategies adapted to these extreme pathologies. Although there is a lack of knowledge about the health status and care management of the oldest people, a better understanding of the natural course of life of people with polyhandicap/PIMD would consequently allow the optimisation of preventive and curative care management strategies. Few robust data on mortality and life expectancy have been documented for this population in France. Our aims are to estimate the median survival time and assess the factors associated with mortality in people with polyhandicap/PIMD receiving care in France. This study included people with polyhandicap/PIMD, followed by the French national cohort 'Eval-PLH' since 2015. These individuals were included in specialised rehabilitation centres and residential institutions. The people included in the first wave of the cohort (2015-2016) were eligible for the present study. Vital status on 1 January 2022 (censoring date) was collected in two ways: (1) spontaneous reporting by the participating centre to the coordinating team and (2) systematic checking on the French national death platform. According to the vital status, survival was calculated in years from the date of birth to the date of death or from the date of birth to the censoring date. The factors associated with mortality were evaluated using the Cox proportional regression hazards model. Data from 780 individuals aged between 3 and 67years were analysed. At the censoring date, 176 (22.6%) had died, and the mean survival was 52.8years (95% confidence interval: 51.1-54.5). Mortality was significantly associated with a progressive aetiology, recurrent pulmonary infections, drug-resistant epilepsy and a higher number of medical devices. This study shows for the first time the survival and impact of factors associated with mortality in people with polyhandicap/PIMD in France.

Cellular dynamics of host − parasitoid interactions: Insights from the encapsulation process in a partially resistant host

Cotesia typhae is an eastern African endoparasitoid braconid wasp that targets the larval stage of the lepidopteran stem borer, Sesamia nonagrioides, a maize crop pest in Europe. The French host population is partially resistant to the Makindu strain of the wasp, allowing its development in only 40% of the cases. Resistant larvae can encapsulate the parasitoid and survive the infection. This interaction provides a very interesting frame for investigating the impact of parasitism on host cellular resistance. We characterized the parasitoid ovolarval development in a permissive host and studied the encapsulation process in a resistant host by dissection and histological sectioning compared to that of inert chromatography beads. We measured the total hemocyte count in parasitized and bead-injected larvae over time to monitor the magnitude of the immune reaction. Our results show that parasitism of resistant hosts delayed encapsulation but did not affect immune abilities towards inert beads. Moreover, while bead injection increased total hemocyte count, it remained constant in resistant and permissive larvae. We conclude that while Cotesia spp virulence factors are known to impair the host immune system, our results suggest that passive evasion could also occur.

An interdisciplinary vision: the role of the dispensing pharmacist in healthcare provision

Against a backdrop of deteriorating access to healthcare, 95% of French people see pharmacists as "easy-to-reach" healthcare professionals. As part of this drive to simplify the care process, they are being entrusted with new missions, broadening the scope of patient care. This new organization at the service of the patient contributes to enriching the local healthcare offer, as testified by the pharmacist in charge of a pharmacy in Saint-Marcel, in the Eure region.