French College Students Research Articles

Prevalence, lived experiences and user profiles in e-cigarette use: A mixed methods study among French college students.

Little is known about e-cigarette use in French students. Our aims were to estimate the prevalence of e-cigarette experimentation and current e-cigarette use; describe the reasons for using e-cigarettes; explore the vaping experience and identify the profiles of e-cigarette users. We used a sequential, explanatory mixed methods design in a sample of French college students. Quantitative data was collected online for a cross-sectional analysis among 1698 students. Two separate analysis based on the thematic analysis and the Grounded Theory were also performed in 20 semi-structured interviews, focusing former and current smokers also current vapers. The prevalence of e-cigarette experimentation was 39.3% (95% CI: 35.2-44.0) and 5.1% (95% CI: 3.2-8.0) of students were current e-cigarette users. Experimentation was opportunistic while current usage was rational, requiring to acquire a personal electronic device, getting used to its technicality, appreciating its availability, discretion, and learning the practice. In this context, three distinct groups of e-cigarette users were identified, based on assumed identity, tobacco and e-cigarette use, the functions assigned to e-cigarettes, and intentions with regards to vaping in the future. Despite some limitations mainly related to the participants self-selection, this research showed that while many smokers and former smokers have tried e-cigarettes in this student population, few have continued to use them continuously. Moreover, these current e-cigarette users were a heterogeneous group. Longitudinal studies are needed in young adult smokers for a better understanding of how their tobacco and e-cigarette use affect each other and change over time.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Illegal Drug Use Among College Students: Findings from a French Sample.

While studies have demonstrated the negative impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on lifelong health, less is known about the relationship between ACEs and illegal drug use. Thus, the objective of the study was to examine the relationship between ACEs and illegal drug use among college students. French college students between 18 and 30 years enrolled in a university cohort study were eligible for inclusion. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted for each drug. Among the sample (n = 1,157), 30.6% had no ACE exposure, 29.6%, 19.2%, and 20.7% had 1, 2 and ≥ 3 ACEs, respectively. Students with ACEs had a higher likelihood of using illegal drugs (p = 0.0067). After controlling for potential confounders, having ≥ 3 ACEs increased the risk of lifetime use of multiple drugs (aOR:10.9; 95% CI: 4.6-26.0), stimulants (aOR: 3.6; 95% CI:1.7-7.7), hallucinogens (aOR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.5), cannabis (aOR: 4.7; 95% CI: 2.7-8.0), and risky illegal drugs (e.g., higher lifetime frequency drug use) (aOR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.5-5.8). Estimates for illegal drug use were highest with parental substance use (aOR: 2.6; 95% CI; 1.5-4.4), sexual abuse (aOR: 2.3; 95% CI; 1.4-3.8), and divorce (aOR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-2.7). ACEs increase the risk for lifetime illegal drug use and risky drug use in a dose-respondent fashion. These findings suggest that university students with higher levels of ACEs may benefit from additional support and services from clinical practitioners and university administrators.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Symptoms Among French College Students.

To examine the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among college students. We investigated the association between ACEs and ADHD symptoms among French college students enrolled in the i-Share cohort using multivariate logistic regression models. The sample comprised of 1062 participants with a mean age of 20.3 (SD = 2.3) of which 30.6% had no ACEs exposure, 29.6% had 1 ACE, 19.2% had 2 ACEs, and 20.6% had ≥ 3 ACEs. After controlling for potential confounders, every increase in ACE exposure heightened the risk of ADHD symptoms with the respective adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals: 1 ACE: 2.1 (0.7-6.3) / 2 ACEs: 4.5 (2.6-12.8)/ ≥ 3 ACEs: 5.2 (1.8-14.8). Estimates for ADHD symptoms were higher with sexual abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and bullying. Findings suggest that ACEs heighten the risk for developing ADHD symptoms among college students and bear important implications for prevention and clinical practice.

Relationship Between Sociosexuality and Condom Use Frequency Among Young French College Students.

Sociosexuality, conceptualized as individual differences in attitudes, behaviors, and desires for casual sex, is reflected in "hookup culture" where risky sexual behaviors should not be overlooked. The main objectives of this study were (a) to provide a first French adaptation of the SOI-R and to evaluate its psychometric properties, and (b) to examine the relationship between sociosexuality and condom use among young college students (N = 1037, mean age = 18.7 years, SD = 1 year). A path model hypothesizing links between dispositional optimism, boredom proneness, sexual orientation, age, gender (as correlated exogenous/independent variables), sociosexuality (as mediation variable), and condom use (as output variable), was specified and tested. Findings showed gender and sexual orientation differences in sociosexuality. As expected, males as well as non-heterosexual individuals endorsed more sociosexuality than the others. Optimism, but not boredom, predicted a higher level of sociosexuality. Sociosexuality positively predicted safer sex. Sociosexual orientation was not associated with condomless sex. It would seem that sexual freedom does not necessarily mean irresponsible sexual adventures for the young college students in our study.

Burnout Integrative Measure: A preliminary validation among French college students.

The aim of this research was to create and validate an integrative measure of college students' burnout. A burnout measure was proposed and extended the three-dimensional conceptualization of burnout (weariness, detachment toward social objects, inadequacy). Based on prior research, our conceptualization and measure distinguished between types of weariness (cognitive, physical, and emotional weariness) and between different targets of detachment toward social objects (studies, other students, teachers). We also relied on negatively worded items to assess inadequacy, as suggested in the literature. The criterion-related validity of our Burnout Integrative Measure (BIM) was examined by exploring associations with two closely related constructs, namely stress and depression. The participants are 905 students in several disciplinary (psychology, nursing care, medicine, science and techniques in sports and physical activities). Results from structural equation modelling provided support for a third-order model encompassing the different targets of detachment, the distinct types of weariness, and inadequacy. The third-order model had a better fit than a first-order model (with a global burnout) and a second-order model (with no distinction between the targets of detachment and the types of weariness). Correlations with related constructs (depression and stress) mostly confirmed our hypotheses. Results and practical implications are discussed.

Le sommeil des étudiants français en période de COVID-19 : Influence des deux premiers confinements sur la quantité et la qualité de sommeil

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in two periods of confinement during the year 2020 that led to changes in lifestyle patterns. The purpose of our study was to assess the impact of the lockdowns on the quantity (i.e., schedule and time in bed) and quality (i.e., difficulties and parasomnias) of sleep in French college students. During the first and second lockdowns, students were asked to answer an online questionnaire consisting of 23 questions. This questionnaire gathered information on the real and ideal schedules of getting up and going to bed, the time in bed, as well as the parasomnias and difficulties related to sleep (difficulties in falling asleep, waking up, lack of sleep feeling). The results showed that students slept later and spent more time in bed on week-ends than during the week, with these effects being more pronounced during the first confinement than during the second. The majority of students reported poor sleep quality, difficulty falling asleep, early awakening, and a feeling of sleep deprivation. The most common parasomnias were episodes of nightmares and sleepiness. Sleep difficulties and reported parasomnias were greater during the second confinement than during the first. Sleep debt, was still present during the lockdowns. The reported sleep difficulties and parasomnias reflect poor sleep quality, despite the reduction in social constraints. Explanatory hypotheses as well as prevention perspectives regarding sleep hygiene were considered.

Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4: Psychometric properties among a French clinical eating disorder sample and normative comparisons

Although the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4) has been shown to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing appearance pressures and appearance ideal internalization among French college students, to date its psychometric properties among French clinical populations have not been examined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the SATAQ-4 among a French female clinical eating disorder sample, and to compare the mean SATAQ-4 scores from this clinical sample to previously published means observed among French female college women. The current sample included 192 French women consecutively recruited from an outpatient eating disorders unit in France. Participants completed the SATAQ-4, as well as validated measures of body image and eating pathology. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the original 22-item five-factor solution provided less than adequate fit to the data. In contrast, the reduced 20-item five-factor solution identified among French college students provided a good fit to the data. The SATAQ-4 subscales generally exhibited moderate positive associations with convergent measures of body image and eating disturbance, consistent with expectations. Differences in SATAQ-4 subscale means across diagnostic groups were observed. In addition, the clinical group reported higher scores on the Internalization: Thin/Low Body Fat and Internalization: Muscular/Athletic subscales compared to a non-clinical French sample. Findings support the SATAQ-4 as a valuable tool for assessing sociocultural influences on body image and eating concerns among French women with eating disorders.

Complexités du diagnostic d’insomnie à l’adolescence et considérations à propos de ses conséquences

Public health also has its own records. A report from Public Health France (2019) shows a decline in sleep time, which, for the first time, has fallen below seven hours. In the digital era, teenagers are susceptible to these changes: 88% of young people (15–24) are facing a lack of sleep. The causes of insomnia are multifactorial, and – even though they seem concerned with the potential consequences of the disorder – teenagers do not always complain directly. This could lead to an underestimation of screenings and diagnoses. Purpose of the studyThe objective was to explore the complexities of the diagnosis in adolescence and to understand the particularity of the links between this disorder and sleep time, drowsiness, aggressivity and anxio-depressive symptomatology. Population and methodA selection of standardised surveys, methodologically validated by ethics and deontology committees, was proposed to a population of 1250 French teenagers, high school and college students (12–20). It was mainly composed of the Insomnia Severity Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. ResultsThe results confirm a major proportion of insomnia in that population (54,9%, n=569) in comparison to a smaller portion of teenagers who have the perception of having insomnia (27,4%, n=284). The gap decreases with the severity of the insomnia. The results show a significant correlation between insomnia and anxio-depressive symptomatology and self-aggression; however, they show an insignificant relationship between diagnosis and sleep time, during the week and on weekends. The relationship between insomnia and daytime sleepiness is also very important. Finally, this research highlights the significant gap between the complaint of insomnia and the actual diagnosis. ConclusionThis study highlights the particularity of insomnia diagnosis for this population and the need to refine the criteria for prevention and screening. Insomnia during the teenager period cannot be defined solely by reference to the person's life or by time criteria.

“You can’t forget our roots anyway”: French College Students’ views on a Racially and Religiously Pluralistic France

Despite the longstanding presence of Islam in the territory of France, Muslim French must still claim and justify their belonging in the context of widespread public skepticism over Islam’s compatibility with “French” social and cultural values, such as laïcité, or secularism. The general public’s skepticism is also, in part, due to the historical and ongoing racialization of Muslim populations. Many French sub-populations, including those who are perceived as more “liberal” such as college students, are a part of this skeptical public. Therefore, how have these students speci cally been shaped by contemporary French discourses and understandings of laïcité? There is a lack of scholarly research on French college students in particular and their understandings of French identity, laïcité, and Muslims in France. To ll this gap, I conducted nine semi-structured interviews and drew on informal participant observation. In this article, I discuss French college students’ opinions on French identity as well as the desire for widespread assimilation, speci cally regarding Muslim women and their choice to wear a hijab in France. I examine these viewpoints within the framework of dominant French discourse, which often perpetuates the idea of a racialized Islam that is inherently incompatible with French culture. I argue that students on both the left and right sides of the political spectrum still reiterate opinions that t within this dominant French discourse.

Effects of Evaluative Conditioning on Implicit Evaluation of Alcohol and Drinking Behaviors: A Direct Replication.

Recent research suggests that evaluative conditioning (EC) can change implicit evaluations of alcohol and reduce drinking behaviors among college students (Houben et al., 2010a). This research has been conceptually replicated in two previous studies. To date, however, no direct and independent replication of the original study has been performed. In this paper, we report a high-powered direct replication of Houben et al.'s (2010a) study. About 168 French college students took part in this preregistered study. Drinking behavior was assessed before and 2 weeks after the intervention. The intervention consisted of 120 trials of words related to alcoholic beverages or soft drinks paired with neutral, positive or negative pictures. The two conditions were factually equivalent and differed only in the repeated pairing between alcohol-related words and negative pictures; in the EC condition, but not in the control condition, alcohol-related words were systematically paired with negative pictures. EC did not change participants' implicit evaluations of alcohol and drinking behaviors. However, EC reduced drinking behaviors among hazardous drinkers. Yet, further non-preregistered Bayesian analysis did not provide much support for this hypothesis. This high-powered preregistered direct replication of Houben et al.'s (2010a) study suggests that the original effects are more fragile than initially thought. The effect of EC on drinking behaviors may be restricted to heavy drinkers, and we found no evidence that this effect is mediated by a change in implicit attitudes. It is necessary to perform further studies to test the original effects in clinical populations.

Heterogeneity of adaptive features among psychopathy variants.

Psychopathic personality traits can be conceptualized as a complex network of adaptive and maladaptive traits. Although general positive adjustment has been related to primary psychopathy and increased emotional stability, no study focused on the distribution of specific adaptive traits through psychopathy variants. Participants were 2,291 French college students who completed self-report questionnaires. A cluster analysis, based on a 4-factor model of psychopathy (Antagonism, Narcissism, Disinhibition, and Emotional Stability), was performed on a subsample with increased psychopathic traits (n = 378) and yielded 3 distinct groups: a primary psychopathy cluster, a secondary psychopathy cluster, and an emotionally stable-low antagonism cluster. The primary psychopathy cluster displayed the highest scores of Leadership, Logical Thinking, Focus, Management, and Money Smart, whereas the emotionally stable-low antagonism cluster had the highest scores of Composure and Extraversion. Conversely, the secondary psychopathy cluster exhibited reduced adaptive psychopathic traits. These results suggest that adaptive psychopathic traits are inconsistently distributed between psychopathy subtypes. Interaction effects between main factors of psychopathy are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

The relation between ADHD symptoms, perceived stress and binge drinking in college students

Binge drinking is a major public health problem associated with various negative short-term and long-term clinical and social outcomes. If there is evidence to suggest a relationship between ADHD and alcohol use in college students, no study has investigated the role of ADHD symptomatology in binge drinking. Thus, this research was designed to explore the relative contributions of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms to binge drinking in a sample of French college students while controlling for effects of perceived stress. Participants (N = 7011; mean age = 20.9; 74.9% of females) completed self-report surveys assessing ADHD symptoms, perceived stress, sociodemographic characteristics, and binge drinking frequency. Multinomial logistic regression revealed significant associations between higher levels of ADHD symptoms in general, but not perceived stress, and increasing frequency of binge drinking. Moreover, higher levels of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms were independently associated with greater frequency of binge drinking. The association was stronger between high rates of binge drinking and inattention than for hyperactivity/impulsivity. These findings, which remained statistically significant after adjusting for a range of potential confounders (including perceived stress), suggest that the presence of ADHD symptoms may be an important factor related to binge drinking.

Contribution of health motives to cannabis use among college students

Background: The Marijuana Motives Measure (MMM) is commonly used to explore the role of motives in cannabis use and related problems. A recent study suggested that a new Health motives subscale (using cannabis to improve sleep, form, energy, appetite, health) was the strongest motive associated with problematic use among high-school students. The aim of our study was to examine the predictive value of Health motives for cannabis use among college students.Method: Participants were 328 French college students who used cannabis at least once during the last six months and completed the Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test-Revised (CUDIT-R) assessing the severity of symptoms related to cannabis use disorder (CUD) and the Marijuana Motives Mesure (MMM).Results: Twenty-two percent reached the cutoff score for likely moderate-severe DSM-5 CUD. Multiple regression analyses showed that Health motives were the strongest predictor for the severity of symptoms related to CUD relatively to all other motives. Enhancement and Expansion were also positively associated to symptoms of CUD, far more here than in previous studies among adolescents.Conclusions: This study replicates the findings of a previous study in high-school students. Health motives were found to be a strong predictor of CUD symptoms in college and high-school students which may have implication for both prevention and treatment of cannabis use problems.

Adaptive psychopathic traits: Positive outcomes in a college student sample

The presence of positive outcomes observed in some individuals with high psychopathic traits remains relatively unexplained. This study aimed at examining the contribution of specific adaptive psychopathic traits to the emergence of positive behavioral and psychopathological consequences. Participants were 2291 French college students who completed self-report questionnaires assessing negative and adaptive psychopathic traits and psychopathological variables. A cluster analysis based on the negative and adaptive psychopathic traits total scores yielded four distinct groups characterized by moderate negative traits and low adaptive traits (moderate negative psychopathic traits cluster; NP), low negative and adaptive traits (low traits cluster; LT), low negative traits and moderate adaptive traits (adaptive psychopathic traits cluster; AP) and high negative and adaptive traits (high traits cluster; HT). Comparisons between clusters suggested that adaptive psychopathic traits were associated with decreased levels of perceived stress, depression and suicidal ideation. However, the frequency of prosocial and antisocial behaviors was not affected by the presence of adaptive traits. Our results provide important information for assessment and treatment of the negative consequences of psychopathic traits.

Is self-esteem associated with self-rated health among French college students? A longitudinal epidemiological study: the i-Share cohort

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to estimate the association between self-esteem and subsequent self-rated health during college years, taking into account a wide range of potential confounders.DesignProspective longitudinal study.SettingThe...

A framework of consumer perceived value on fashion products for female college students of France

Consumer perceived value is paid attention by marketing and branding experts recently. Current existing researches related to consumer perceived value are lack of analysis of inner dimensions of the consumer perceived value framework. In this study, our research focuses on the development of the consumer perceived value framework. To demonstrate the application of the proposed framework, a fashion-based consumer perceived value framework for French female college students is developed. In order to obtain the desired framework, a knowledge-based conjecture is firstly performed by a group of professional fashion marketing managers to generate a set of dimensions and corresponding indicators of consumer perceived value, which contains 4 dimensions and 26 indicators. After that, the conjecture framework is validated and adapted through a process of statics analysis based on experimental results of collecting data from 350 female college students in France. Finally, we obtained a framework of consumer perceived value for French female college students, which contains 7 dimensions and 26 indicators. The proposed framework is validated though a set of analysis. Related experimental result has demonstrated that the final framework can be further applied to consumer behavior analysis, marketing strategy and new product design and development planning

Trends in tobacco, cannabis and binge drinking among French college students between 2009 and 2016

Trends in tobacco, cannabis and binge drinking among French college students between 2009 and 2016

Trends in tobacco, cannabis and binge drinking among French college students between 2009 and 2016

Trends in tobacco, cannabis and binge drinking among French college students between 2009 and 2016

Evaluative conditioning: A brief computer-delivered intervention to reduce college student drinking

BackgroundRecent research suggests that a brief computer-delivered intervention based on evaluative conditioning (EC) can change the implicit evaluation of alcohol and reduce drinking behaviors among college students. We tested whether we could obtain similar findings in a high-powered preregistered study and whether hazardous drinking moderates these effects. MethodBefore the intervention, 122 French college students were screened for hazardous drinking using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Implicit evaluation of alcohol was assessed before and immediately after the intervention using an Implicit Association Test (IAT). Drinking behavior was assessed before the intervention and approximately two weeks after using the TimeLine Follow Back (TLFB) method. The EC consisted of 120 trials of words (related to alcoholic beverages, soft drinks or neutral) paired with pictures (neutral, positive or negative). In the EC condition, alcohol-related words were systematically paired with negative pictures. In the control condition, alcohol-related words were systematically paired with neutral pictures. ResultsThe EC did not change the implicit evaluation of alcohol, Cohen's d = 0.01, 95CI [−0.35, 0.35]. However, the EC reduced drinking behavior, Cohen's d = 0.37, 95CI [0.01, 0.72]. This effect was independent of hazardous drinking behavior, but it was especially pronounced among participants with the most positive implicit evaluation of alcohol before the intervention. ConclusionThis preregistered study suggests that evaluative conditioning can successfully reduce drinking behavior among college students by 31% (compared to 4% in the control condition) without causing an immediate change in the implicit evaluation of alcohol.

Sleep and dream habits in a sample of French college students who report no sleep disorders.

There is a lack of up-to-date data on sleep and dream habits of college students. To fill in this gap, we used an online questionnaire sent to the student mailing lists of two major universities of Lyon (Lyon 1 and Lyon 2) for the recruitment of an functional magnetic resonance imaging study with sleep disorders as exclusion criteria. In the sample (1,137 French college students, 411 males, mean age=22.2±2.4years, body mass index=22.0±3.2kgm-2 ), on average, the participants reported spending about 8 hr in bed during weekdays, 9hr during the weekends, and 90.9% of them reported no difficulty falling asleep. Less than 0.4% of students reported to have sleep-walking episodes regularly, but nearly 7% reported regular sleep-talking episodes. The average dream recall frequency was about 3 mornings per week with a dream in mind. Dream recall frequency was positively correlated with the clarity of dream content and the frequency of lucid dreaming, and was negatively correlated with age. Fourteen percent of the students reported frequent lucid dreams, and 6% reported frequent recurrent dreams. We found a gender effect for several sleep and dream parameters, including dream recall frequency and time in bed, both of which were higher in women than in men. We have also observed differences between academic disciplines, namely humanities students (Lyon 2) reported spending more time in bed than sciences students (Lyon 1). These results confirm a gender difference for several sleep and dream parameters, and suggest a link between academic disciplines and sleep duration.