French Bean Phaseolus Research Articles

Assessment of Character Association in Pole Type French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes

The present investigation was carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Vijayapura during Rabi 2022-23. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications. To study the association studies in 32 pole type French bean genotypes. The correlation studies revealed that pod yield per plant was found positively and significantly associated with number of pods per plant (rg=0.668 and rp=0.620), pod length (rg= 0.526 and rp =0.431), average 10 pod weight (rg= 0.657 and rp = 0.660), number of pods per cluster (rg=0.373 and rp= 0.344) and number of clusters per plant (rg =0.365 and rp= 0.345) at both genotypic and phenotypic level. The direct selection for these traits would be rewarding for improvement of pod yield per plant in pole type French bean.

Impact of partially burnt paddy husk with coir peat on growth and yield of bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgari</em>s)

French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), recognized as a good source of protein. Growth and yield are low in beans due to unfavorable weather and soil conditions. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of partially burnt paddy husk with coir peat on the growth and yield attributes of beans. The experiment was laid out in a Complete Randomized Design with seven treatments with thirty replicates. Partially burnt paddy husk was prepared in two different methods (methods 1 and 2). The treatments were, soil (T1-control), coir peat: partially burnt paddy husk 3:1 (T2-method 01), 2:2 (T3-method 01), 1:3 (T4-method 01), 3:1 (T5-method 02), 2:2 (T6-method 02) and 1:3 (T7-method 02).The results reveal that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the tested treatments on growth parameters. However, significant variations (p<0.05) were observed on yield attributes such as number of pods per plant, length and girth of pod and fresh and dry weights of pod. The highest fresh and dry weights of pods were in T1 followed by T3. However, there was no significant variation (p>0.05) between T1 and T3. This study concludes that coir peat: partially burnt paddy husk in 2:2 ratio (T3) could be used as a growth medium for french bean cultivation instead of soil.

Efficacy of Different Priming Methods on Germination and Growth of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Under Field Conditions in Mugu, Nepal

Low seed germination and poor growth have been major problems in French bean production in the hilly region of Nepal. An effective solution may lie in seed priming, which enhances rapid and uniform seed emergence, thereby improving yield. A field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different seed priming methods on various varieties of French beans under field conditions in Chhaayanath Rara-4, Mugu, Nepal. The experiment was conducted in two factorial RCBD with three replications. Factor A was three French bean varieties; black, ghoratte, and red beans, and Factor B included two methods of priming; hydro and halo along with control. The results revealed that the germination parameter was significantly influenced by the method of priming and it was found non-significant in the case of varieties. Maximum germination percentage and higher speed of germination were found in seeds treated with hydro-priming. Similarly, the growth parameter was found significant for both varieties as well as priming methods. Vegetative growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, and number of primary and secondary branches were found significantly higher in hydro-primed seeds and ghoratte variety. Likewise, the yield parameters such as days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, and yield per hectare were found significantly higher in hydro-primed ghoratte beans. Hence, hydro-priming can be used as a simple and cost-effective technique to improve germination and growth of French beans along with suitable variety under field conditions in Mugu district, Karnali province, Nepal. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 12(3): 137-144.

Growth, Development, Yield Attributes and Yield of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as Influenced by Doses and Methods of Nitrogen Application

A field experiment was carried out at School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, CAU, Umiam, Meghalaya during summer season 2021 to study the effect of different doses and application methods of nitrogen on the growth, yield and yield attributes of Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The experiment comprised of four doses of nitrogen viz.,0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha-1 and two methods of its application i.e., full dose as nitrogen as basal application and 2/3 of nitrogen dose as basal and 1/3 of nitrogen dose split application at active branching stage. The experiments consist of a total of 7 treatments laid out in Randomized Block Design with four replications. Growth parameters such as plant height and number of branches per plant in frenchbean showed a significant increase at all the growth stages with increase in nitrogen doses. Maximum plant height (39.35 cm) and number of branches per plant (3.56) were observed with application of 90 kg N ha-1. The grain yield (762.32 kg ha-1) was observed with application of 90 kg N ha-1 whereas, lowest grain yield was observed in control (146.25 kg ha-1). Yield attributes were observed to follow the same trend with highest number of pods per plant as 5.44, number of seeds per pod as observed significantly more values of all the above said parameters of growth and yield of frenchbeanin comparison to full dose of nitrogen as basal alone. Therefore, the finding of this experiment suggest that the frenchbean should be grown with 90 kg N ha-1 and 2/3 of this dose should be applied as basal application while remaining 1/3 should be applied as top dressing at active branching stage for better growth and yield of frenchbean.

Evaluation of Promising Genotypes of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Suitable for India

Evaluation of Promising Genotypes of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Suitable for India

Scientific validation of plant extracts used by farmers in the management of bean flower thrips on French beans in Kenya

AbstractBean flower thrips (Megalurothrips usitatus) is a major French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pest. Small‐scale farmers manage the pest using mixed plant extracts although their efficacy has not been scientifically validated. We evaluated the efficacy of mixed plant extracts comprising; Capsicum frutescens, Allium sativum, Lantana camara, Tagetes minuta and Azadirachta indica, against M. usitatus under laboratory and screenhouse. We identified and quantified the secondary metabolites associated with insecticidal activity using spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The plant combinations included PE1 (C. frutescens + A. sativum + L. camara + T. minuta extracts infused for 14 days), PE2 (same as PE1 but infused for 24 h) and PE + N (the five plant extracts infused for 24 h) in distilled water. We used an organic commercial botanical (Pyneem) as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. Pyneem and PE + N induced the highest mortality at 88% and 77%, respectively, in the laboratory, and 68% and 71%, respectively, in the screenhouse. Phenolics, terpenoids and organosulfur compounds were identified in PE + N and individual plant extracts in varied quantities. These compounds were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in PE + N compared to individual plant extracts. The study showed that PE + N efficiently manages bean flower thrips, and mixing different plant extracts amplifies the secondary metabolites' abundance. The use of mixed plant extracts could be incorporated into integrated pest management strategies for thrips management in legumes. The specific compounds identified in PE + N should be investigated further to understand their modes of action against the pest.

SCREEN-HOUSE REARING OF THE CASHEW MIRID HELOPELTIS SCHOUTEDENI REUTER (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) ON THREE VEGETABLES FOR ITS MANAGEMENT ON CASHEW

Helopeltis schoutedeni (Heteroptera: Miridae) is a significant cashew and cotton pest in East and West Africa. To date, viable laboratory rearing and maintenance protocols have been lacking to facilitate biological investigations on the bug. This drawback has largely hindered its successful management. The potential of three vegetable intercrops, cucumber fruit (Cucumis sativus L.), fresh French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pods, and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) were the suitable host plants for establishing laboratory colonies of H. schoutedeni. The developmental time, survival, oviposition, and feeding behaviors of H. schoutedeni under screen-house conditions were monitored. Newly hatched nymphs reared on these substrates successfully developed into adults with varying average developmental times of 25.72, 25.81, and 33.26 days for French beans, pigeon peas, and cucumbers, respectively. Similarly, survival varied significantly on the different plants, with the highest survival occurring on pigeon pea seedlings (97-100%) and the lowest on cucumber (48-69%; P < 0.05). Significantly more feeding lesions were recorded on pigeon peas (349.6 ± 82.56) than on cucumbers (52.6 ± 13.62) in the feeding preference test. The proportion of adult feeding during the scotophase was significantly higher than in the photophase (Pigeon pea seedling: t = -3.545; df = 18; P < 0.05, French beans: t = -2.684; df = 28; P < 0.05 and Cucumber t = 3.713; df = 18; P < 0.05). Oviposition was only recorded on pigeon pea seedlings. Present findings demonstrate the potential for using specific vegetables as suitable host plants for H. schoutedeni under confined and open field settings to aid future research studies toward effective management.. KEYWORDS :Cashew, Helopletis Schoutedeni, Legumes, Pest Management, Rearing

Breeding Strategies for Simultaneous Improvement in Anthracnose Disease Resistance and Economically Important Traits in French Bean

Background: French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in the tropics is threatened by heavy incidence of anthracnose disease causing substantial crop loss when infection is at the early growth stages. Breeding strategies for tolerance against anthracnose disease along with enhanced productivity, and high pod protein content are to be formulated. Methods: Genotypes having broad genetic base and phenotypic diversity in 5 bush and 1 pole types were crossed in a 6 × 6 half diallel mating design to estimate combining ability, mode of gene action, and extent of heterosis for 11 quantitative traits. Result: The additive genetic effect was evident for percent disease index (PDI) of anthracnose and 10 pod weight. Rapid genetic gain can be achieved due to predominance of additive gene action in their control and can therefore be selected in early generation through simple breeding methods. Rest of the economic traits controlled by additive and non-additive gene effects could be improved through biparental mating, reciprocal recurrent selection, or diallel selective mating. Anthracnose disease tolerant and high yielding cultivars of might be developed utilizing parents, ‘Laxmi’, ‘Arka Sharath’ and ‘Vaishnavi-264’ with high gca effects. Although two cross combinations ‘Arka Sharath × Lakshmi’ and ‘Arjun × Arka Sharath’ showed significant heterobeltiosis in desired direction for PDI of anthracnose and other desirable horticultural traits but could not be exploited at commercial level due to complexity in hybridization. Identifying pure lines with tolerance against anthracnose disease and favorable horticultural attributes could be accomplished in segregating generations of the prospective hybrids.

Marker assisted transfer of anthracnose resistance gene Co-5 to elite French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) background

Marker assisted transfer of anthracnose resistance gene Co-5 to elite French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) background

Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Cytokinin on Growth, Quality and Yield of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Ellora No. 11

The experiment was conducted during Rabi season November – March, 2022-2023 at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, and Prayagraj (UP). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and 3 replication to study the “Effect of GA3 and Cytokinin on growth, quality and yield of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Ellora No 11.” The treatments which areT0: Control, T1:GA3@200ppm, T2: GA3@400ppm, T3:GA3@600ppm, T4:GA3@800ppm, T5:GA3@1000ppm, T6Cytokinin@250ppm, T7Cytokinin@500ppm, T8Cytokinin@750ppm, T9Cytokinin@1000ppm. The growth regulators were sprayed at 10 D.A.S in French bean. from the above experiment finding it is conclude that all the character viz., growth parameter, earliness parameter yield parameter, qualitative parameters varied significantly. Further, The result showed that the minimum days to first flowering(42.33DAS), first picking (63.33DAS) and days to 50% flowering(53.67 DAS) while the maximum plant height(52.07cm), no. of branches(13.57), no. of leaves(214.93), number of pod per plant(21.67),pod length(16.50), pod girth(2.63cm) 1 pod weight(5.70g), yield per ha(12.35t/ha), total soluble solids (6.37°BRIX), protein (1.52%), fiber (3.89%), ascorbic acid (11.77mg)and BC ratio (3.1) was found maximum in T1:GA3@200ppm

Cost and Income Structure of Organic and Conventional French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Cultivation: A Case Study of Himachal Pradesh, India

The objective of this study was to investigate the cost and income structure of organic and conventional French bean cultivation in Solan district, Himachal Pradesh, in the 2018/ 2019 crop year. The sample included 80 farmers selected using a purposive sampling method, consisting of 40 organic and 40 conventional French bean growers. Survey questionnaires were used as the main instrument for data collection. Descriptive statistics and cost and income analysis were used for data analysis. The results indicate that the cost of production was higher, and output was lower under organic bean cultivation. Despite this, organic bean cultivation was more profitable than conventional farming, which was attributed to the higher prevailing market price for organic beans. Organic growers encounter numerous challenges and issues when cultivating and marketing of vegetables. Farmers seek a variety of aid from the government, business sector, and co-operative organizations to solve all of these challenges.

Performance of different Varieties of French Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) under Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Condition

The present investigation was carried out at the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) during the rabi season 2022-23 to check the performance of different varieties of French Bean under Paryagraj agro -climate condition and to estimate economics of French Bean using different varieties. The experiment comprised of total 7 varieties V1 (IET/2022/FBBVAR-1), V3 (IET/2022/FBBVAR-3), V4 (IET/2022/FBBVAR-4), V5 (IET/2022/FBBVAR-5), V6 (IET/2022/FBBVAR-6), V7 (Lakshmi), V8 (Ellora No.11) consisting 3 replication which was laid out in randomized block design. From the above experiment finding it is concluded that all the parameter varied significantly. Further, while studying the plant height, no. of leaves and pod length was found maximum in (Lakshmi). Day to germination days, first flowering, 50% flowering and first pod picking were found minimum in (IET/2022/FBBVAR-1). Number of branches, pod girth, pod per plant, average pod weight, ascorbic acid, yield per ha and benefit-cost (B: C) ratio was found maximum in (IET/2022/FBBVAR-3). The maximum TSS, fiber and protein was found in (IET/2022/FBBVAR-1).

Cultivation of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with an effective Biofertilizer for sustainable farming

Cultivation of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with an effective Biofertilizer for sustainable farming

Estimating phenotypic stability for relevant yield and quality traits in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using AMMI analysis

The presence of strong G x E (genotype by environment interaction) is a major hurdle for selecting superior genotypes when genotypes are placed into new and unfamiliar production systems. Genotype or cultivar (s) with high yield potential and having less adaptability and stability to particular environment is never a suitable choice for a breeder and farmer particularly. Purposefully, four successive seasons were chosen to enumerate the phenotypic stability of 27 French bean genotypes for yield and quality traits by involving modern statistical tools like AMMI (Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction), GGE [G + (G x E)] and cluster analysis. AMMI analysis of variance witnessed magnitude of G, E and G x E was 81.94%, 11.58% and 6.48% of the total variation respectively. The IPCA I (Interaction Principal Component Axes) was contributed with 55.44%, 73.60%, 71.81%, 81.69% and 72.16% G x E variations of days to 50% flowering, pod length, number of pods per plant, average pod weight and pod yield respectively. For qualitative traits i.e., protein content (mg/100g FW), total soluble solids (%) and total phenol content (mg GAE/g FW) the involvement of IPCA I to total genotype by environment interaction variations were 89.55%, 96.07% and 66.52% respectively. The AMMI biplot revealed French bean genotypes viz., IC632961, Arka Sukomal, IIHR-PV-29, IIHR-PV-30 having low AMMI stability value and higher mean value for relevant yield and quality traits in both late kharif and rabi as two mega-environments. Multivariate analysis demonstrated significant higher contribution of pod yield associated traits towards total variations and positive correlation between them. The 27 French bean genotypes formed five groups as per Euclidean distance and the clustering revealed the nature of diversity of French bean genotypes viz., IC 632961, IIHR-B-PV-24, Arka Sukomal, Arka Arjun, Ayoka and Phalguni in response to changing environments and can be utilized in future breeding programme. The study revealed pole type French bean genotypes viz., IC 632961, Arka Sukomal and bush type French bean genotypes viz., IIHR-B-PV-29, IIHR-B-PV-30 could be promising for utilization in future breeding programmes for the concerned traits.

Effect of Mulching as a Weed Management Strategy in Field Production of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) in Western Kenya

There has been a 2% decrease on French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) production in Kenya due to factors such as weeds, pests and diseases and the challenge of controlling them using chemicals that result in high rejection rate or interception in the export market because of chemical residues. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of different mulching materials on the growth and yield of French bean cultivars and to determine the effect of different mulching materials on weed density. Field experiments were carried out at KALRO Kitale, Trans Nzoia county Kenya. Season 1 was carried out during long rains of April and June 2021 and season two during the short rains of August and October 2021. Black polythene and grass mulch were compared with two hand weedings and no weeding in a Randomized Complete Block Design experiment with three replications. Data on growth and yield of French Beans were collected and subjected to ANOVA using GenStat to determine the significant differences between the treatments. The means were separated using Fisher’s Unprotected LSD at 5% significance level. Growth and yield of French Beans was significantly influenced by the treatments (p≤0.05). Plants grown under black polythene and grass mulch had the tallest height and the highest number of leaves and branches as well as number of pods and cumulative pod yield as compared to those that were hand weeded and unweeded. The highest yield of 2138 and 2597 kg/ ha was obtained under black polythene mulch in season 1 and 2 respectively. This was significantly higher than that obtained from grass mulch, hand weeding and unweeding. In conclusion polythene and grass mulch improved growth and yield of French beans and reduced weed density. It is therefore recommended that farmers should adapt mulching as a cultural weed management strategy.

How Nutritious Are French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from the Citizen Science Experiment?

French beans are tender, immature, edible pods that are harvested early in the plant's growth cycle and are usually eaten cooked. The growth habits of French beans were studied for the first time in a Citizen Science experiment, and 19 pod samples were collected for further nutritional analysis. Various macronutrients (e.g., protein, ash, fat, carbohydrates, amino acids) and multi-element profiles were determined. A survey of their growing habits revealed that beans are usually planted once or twice a year in May and June at a length of 5-10 m, with a predominance of dwarf beans cultivation over climbing varieties, and pest resistance and stringless pods are the most important characteristics when deciding on a bean. Homogenised freeze-dried pod samples contained 16.1-23.1% protein, 4.5-8.2% ash, 0.1-1.1% fat, and 62.0-70.6% carbohydrates and had a caloric value of 337-363 kcal/100 g. Of the 17 free amino acids identified, 8 were essential (histidine, threonine, methionine, valine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine) and 9 were non-essential (cysteine, aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, arginine, alanine, proline, tyrosine); meanwhile, of the 12 elements, 5 were macroelements and 7 were microelements. The predominant free amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and serine. In the multiple comparisons (Box and Whisker plot), the parameters caloric value and iron showed the strongest response. A very strong positive significant Pearson correlation (≥0.95) was found for five pairs of variables within the free amino acids. Comparison of the nutrient data obtained in the pods showed near-perfect or high complementarity (85.2-103.4%) with the food composition databases for half of the parameters, suggesting that the home-grown French beans from the Citizen Science experiment are a highly nutritious vegetable.

Assessment of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes for growth attributing traits under eastern dry zone of Karnataka

Assessment of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes for growth attributing traits under eastern dry zone of Karnataka

Measurement of O2 Uptake and Evolution in Leaves In Vivo Using Stable Isotopes and Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry.

Oxygen is both product and substrate of photosynthesis and metabolism in plants, by oxygen evolution through water splitting and uptake by photorespiration and respiration. It is important to investigate these processes simultaneously in leaves, especially in response to environmental variables, such as light and temperature. To distinguish between processes that evolve or take up O2 in leaves in the light, in vivo gas exchange of stable isotopes of oxygen and membrane inlet mass spectrometry is used. A closed-cuvette system for gas exchange of leaf discs is described, using the stable isotopes 16O2 and 18O2, with a semi-permeable membrane gas inlet and isotope mass separation and detection by mass spectrometry. Measurement of evolution and uptake, as well as CO2 uptake, at a range of light levels allows composition of a light response curve, here described for French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and maize (Zea mays) leaf discs.

Evaluation of Herbicides for the Management of Complex Weed Flora in French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Mid Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh, India

A field experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur during Kharif, 2022 to study the effect of herbicide combinations for the management weeds in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and comprised of eleven weed control treatments viz., oxyfluorfen 150 g ha-1 (pre-emergence), pretilachlor 1000 g ha-1 (pre-emergence), imazethapyr 100 g ha-1 (pre-emergence), quizalofop- ethyl 100 g ha-1 ( pre-emergence), oxyfluorfen 100 g ha-1 (pre-emergence) fb quizalofop-ethyl 70 g ha-1 (post-emergence), pretilachlor 700 g ha-1 (pre-emergence) fb quizalofop-ethyl 70 g ha-1 (post-emergence), imazethapyr 70 g ha-1 (pre-emergence) fb quizalofop-ethyl 70 g ha-1 (post-emergence), pretilachlor 500 g ha-1 + imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 (pre-emergence) fb quizalofop-ethyl 50 g ha-1+ chlorimuron 3 g ha-1 (post-emergence), pretilachlor 500 g ha-1+ imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 (pre-emergence) fb HW, 2 HWs (30 and 45 DAS) and weedy check. Results of the study revealed that hand weeding (twice) and pretilachlor 500 g ha-1 + imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 (pre-emergence) fb HW effectively reduced weed count and dry matter of the weed species. Highest weed control efficiency of 75.6 per cent was obtained from hand weeding (twice) treatment followed by 63.7 per cent with pretilachlor 500 g ha-1 + imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 (pre-emergence) fb HW. The treatment, hand weeding (twice) also produced significantly higher pod yield (16.14 t/ha), gross (₹ 2, 83,795) and net (₹2, 66,732) returns due to weed control. Amongst herbicidal treatments, pretilachlor 500 g ha-1 + imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 (pre-emergence) fb HW proved best as it resulted in significantly higher pod yield (14.24 t/ha), gross (₹ 2, 38,006) and net (₹ 2, 31,129) returns due to weed control. The treatment, Imazethapyr 100 g ha-1 gave the highest marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) of 178.9.

Morphological, Molecular Identification and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn: A Seed and Soil Borne Pathogen Infecting French Bean

French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), holds significant importance as a both vegetable and pulse crop in India. Root rot disease has become threat for successful french bean cultivation. Fusarium spp., Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia sp., Macrophomina, Pythium spp. and Thielaviopsis sp. may incite root rot disease in french bean. The root rot caused by Rhizoctonia soalni Kuhn is one among the root rot causing pathogens, is a major devasticating disease in this crop. The objective of this investigation was to perform the morphological, molecular identification and pathogenicity of R. solani Kuhn infecting french bean root rot. The pathogen was isolated from the naturally infected french bean field with characteristic symptoms like yellowing, drying at the soil level, stunting, poor seedling establishment, uneven growth, chlorosis, and premature defoliation in severely affected cases. It was isolated using standard tissue isolation technique and identified based on morphological traits. The fungus was molecular identified by sequencing ITS region of rDNA by using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. Further, pathogenicity of R. solani was proved according to Koch’s postulates.