Freedom Of Expression Rights Research Articles

Exploring The Implementation of Freedom of Expression Rights and The Use of Corporal Punishment in Pakistani Madrasas

A country's long-term success depends on educating its citizens. Madrassas are Islamic educational institutes in Pakistan. The media's coverage of Pakistani madrasas' violations of children's rights, particularly in the areas of freedom of expression and corporal punishment, is contentious. Punishment that is based on bodily suffering is known as corporal punishment. The goal of this research was to establish how Pakistani madrasas implement their students' rights to freedom of speech and to avoid corporal punishment. This qualitative study explored the phenomenon of madrasa education in depth with regard to freedom of expression and corporal punishment. The population of this study includes all students and teachers in the Madrasa education system. A purposive sampling technique was used to pick eight students and eight teachers from madrasas in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews were used to obtain data that was collected by hand. The direct quotation method was used to analyse the data. According to the findings, the majority of madrasas allow for the free expression of pupils. The data indicated that, although the Madrasa's administration listens to and appropriately addresses student complaints about teachers, the vast majority of students do not complain about teachers. In Madrasa, it is discovered that misbehaving pupils are counselled, motivated, and finally punished. It was revealed that teachers feel that madrasas can tolerate discipline because the dread of punishment encourages students to achieve their best in the classroom. The conclusion may be drawn that some students, particularly in pre-courses, are unable to openly express their concerns, while others, with the help of friends and the guidance of teachers, are able to overcome their reluctance.

The Ruse of Freedom: A Comparative Essay on Ahimsa and Freedom of Expression

With the rise of authoritarianism across the globe, debates about freedom of expression have become increasingly urgent in countries like India and the United States. However, these debates do not manifest uniformly. In India the freedom of expression rights of a novelist like Perumal Murugan are denied, while in the U.S. freedom of expression rights are used by conservatives like Charles Murray in public campaigns to promote deliberately provocative speech. This essay compares the Murugan and Murray cases in the interests of advancing our thinking about freedom of expression. Opening new lines of inquiry into freedom of expression via a decolonization of theory, it underscores the limits of liberal Millian ideas and proposes the value of alternative neo-Buddhist notions of ahimsa.

APPG Definition of Islamophobia: A Boon to Free Speech

Critics claim that the APPG British Muslims definition of Islamophobia could threaten freedom of expression rights. However, the definition is narrower than those found in the political discourse over the past two decades. This is likely to reduce the 'chill' on legitimate expression and thus expand the space for free speech.

Targets of Online Hate Speech in Context

Online hate speech, especially on social media platforms, is the subject of both policy and political debate in Europe and globally - from the fragmentation of network publics to echo chambers and bubble phenomena, from networked outrage to networked populism, from trolls and bullies to propaganda and non-linear cyberwarfare. Both researchers and Facebook Community standards see the identification of the potential targets of hateful or antagonistic speech as key to classifying and distinguishing the latter from arguments that represent political viewpoints protected by freedom of expression rights. This research is an exploratory analysis of mentions of targets of hate speech in comments in the context of 106 public Facebook pages in Romanian and Hungarian from January 2015 to December 2017. A total of 1.8 million comments were collected through API interrogation and analyzed using a text-mining niche-dictionaries approach and co-occurrence analysis to reveal connections to events on the media and political agenda and discursive patterns. Findings indicate that in both countries the most prominent targets mentioned are connected to current events on the political and media agenda, that targets are most frequently mentioned in contexts created by politicians and news media, and that discursive patterns in both countries involve the proliferation of similar stereotypes about certain target groups.

I Spy: Addressing the Privacy Implications of Live Streaming Technology and the Current Inadequacies of the Law

This Note argues that live-streaming technology has implicated several important legal rights held by various parties, from the freedom of expression rights of the videographers/streamers themselves, to privacy rights of inadvertent participants in a third party’s live stream. Part I briefly discusses the types of streaming currently available, focusing on an explanation of live-streaming and the transition from archived content applications to live-streaming applications, and then moves on to examining the trajectory of the laws governing live-streaming technology. Additionally, Part I discusses parts of the body of both state and federal privacy laws which could apply to live-streaming. Part II of this Note applies the framework established in Part I to Facebook Live, comparing the live-streaming service to more traditional broadcasting, and discussing the rights and liabilities of live-streamers, those who may inadvertently find themselves included in a live stream, and select third parties. Part III discusses past solutions to privacy issues raised by media activities, and Part IV examines why the advent of social media live-streaming presents novel questions. Part V concludes this Note by discussing potential policy implications and asking the question: where do we go from here?

From Marginalizing Economic Discourse with Security Threats to Approbating Corporate Lobbies and Campaign Contributions

Government marginalized freedom of expression rights of communists, socialists, labor and Leftist groups during the two prolonged Red Scare eras and during wartime to the extent that individuals and groups might impede the war effort. Much of the world was divided during the Cold War among communist ideology that favored collective rights, socialism that favored more public ownership of the economy and more social programs, and capitalism that favored puissant property right protections, less government involvement in the economy, and fewer social programs. An ideological impasse over property rights ostensibly corresponded with security threats. Did prolonged eras of national security peril influence the political system, societal values, and jurisprudence? During the Cold War, individuals and groups that sought to exercise free speech rights by advocating economic policies outside of dominate discourse or organize into suspect collective action groups, confronted restrictions. The Cold War was foremost premised on security threats from weapon buildups, but did the stigmatizing labels of communism and socialism, and the praised label of capitalism influence the political landscape and the role of corporations in political agendas? During the mid-1970s, the Supreme Court bestowed elevated rights to business organizations. Both Republicans and Democrats represent campaign positions that will get them elected based on the perceptions of the median voter. Politicians seem to have shifted to become more beholden to corporate America, which coincides with criticism surrounding corporate capture of government institutions, lobbying, and campaign contributions.

Paying for God’s Work: A Rights-Based Examination of Faith-Based NGOs in Romania

This paper examines issues of democratic accountability as they apply to faith-based organizations cooperating in international developmental efforts, with a specific focus on the freedom of expression rights of nonprofit organizations and the freedom of association rights of their clientele. Child welfare nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Romania are used as a case study for examining the issue. The paper begins with a discussion of NGO-government partnerships in service provision in international development, and examines the ethical concerns surrounding church-state separation as applied to nonprofits in the United States and in the context of foreign aid. The literature analysis is complimented by empirical evidence from the Romanian case, using data gathered in a qualitative study exploring the role of NGOs as social service providers and policy advocates. The paper concludes by discussing the particular role that bureaucratic discretion and power plays in protecting the freedom of association rights of clientele in Romania.

"The Firebrand of My Youth": Holmes, Emerson and Freedom of Expression

There is probably no figure in American jurisprudence who has been more studied and whose record has been more analyzed than Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Among the aspects of Holmes' career that have commonly piqued the interest of scholars is the apparent transformation of Holmes' views of the First Amendment and freedom of expression rights. In 1919, Holmes began a redirection of the United States Supreme Court in its interpretation of these rights with a dissenting opinion in which he set forth a broader approach than what had previously been used-and what Holmes himself had previously held. Why the transformation in Holmes? It is posited in this article that the philosophy that had been simmering in Holmes rose to the surface in 1919. It is a philosophy of individualism and non-conformity. In short, it is Ralph Waldo Emerson's philosophy of self-reliance.