Free Bodies Research Articles

Long-term results of open extensive débridement arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis of the elbow: What direct examination and computed tomography images revealed

BackgroundAlthough open and arthroscopic débridement arthroplasties are major surgical strategies in patients with primary osteoarthritis of the elbow, the long-term results remain inadequately studied. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate long-term clinical and radiographic results after extensive débridement arthroplasty (EDA) for primary osteoarthritis of the elbow. MethodsEleven patients with primary osteoarthritis treated with EDA were able to be retrospectively evaluated by direct examination. The mean age of the seven male and four female patients was 56 years (range, 47–74 years). The surgical procedure involved removal of all osteophytes and free bodies, release of anterior and posterior capsules, fenestration of the olecranon fossa, and excision of the posterior bundle of the ulnar collateral ligament. At a mean follow-up of 15 years, clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed. ResultsMean flexion increased significantly from 110.5° to 129.6° postoperatively in the short term and was generally maintained at final follow-up. Conversely, mean extension improved significantly from -26.4° to -11.4° postoperatively in the short term; however, at final examination had decreased to -25.5°. According to the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, results were excellent for five elbows, good for five, and fair for one. In all cases, postoperative pain was “none” or “mild” and no postoperative complications were observed. In all cases, recurrence of osteophytes was seen and the fenestration hole of the olecranon fossa remained open in three elbows, was partially refilled in four elbows and was completely refilled in four elbows at the time of final follow-up. Univariate analysis revealed that among preoperative variables, age, arc of motion, and extension were prognostic factors that significantly affected postoperative extension in the long term. ConclusionsThe present findings indicate that EDA provides marked long-term relief of pain and improved flexion despite the recurrence of restricted extension. Patients with extremely restricted extension preoperatively are at risk of deteriorated extension over the long term.

Paradoxical bodies: negotiating biomedical fix, responsibility, and care in a weight-loss surgery clinic

AbstractThis ethnographic project explores how inherent discursive and social tensions are expressed and worked out within obesity care at a weight-loss surgical (WLS) clinic. First, complicated doctor and patient encounters occur because WLS follows a medical logic of intervention and is presented as a “biomagical” procedure that miraculously alters the body. Surgeons, however, explain that the surgery’s success depends on patients’ long and hard work. Second, the clinic’s interdisciplinary approach adds more complexity. While expanding the scope of treatment, it blurs the division of labor among professionals and the distinction between body and mind. It also diffuses the responsibility for patients’ lifestyles and recovery among professionals. Third, alongside notions about patients’ autonomy and free choice, their wishes and bodies are constantly channeled, problematized, and negotiated with various family and peer support. While crucial for the surgery’s success, such interconnectedness raises questions about how decision making and social pressures affect the patients’ journey. Thus, WLS is refracted among webs of multiple actors and contradictory perspectives. This complexity invites a reflection on how such tensions and paradoxes destabilize medical power in modifying the body, challenge personal responsibility assumptions, and impact the quality of care.

Autologous minced cartilage implantation for focal cartilage lesions of the humeral capitellum

The goal of minced cartilage implantation (MCI) is to restore an intact cartilage surface in focal osteochondral lesions of the humeral capitellum. The indications for MCI are limited osteochondral lesions at the humeral capitellum, also at the head of the radius, with intact cartilage border as well as in situ or acompletely detached fragment, and free joint bodies (gradeII-gradeV according to Hefti). Contraindications for MCI are already concomitant or associated cartilage damage as well as bilateral osteochondral lesions and insufficient available cartilage material. After diagnostic arthroscopy to detect possible concomitant pathologies and to exclude already corresponding cartilage lesions, the arthroscope is flipped posterolaterally over the high posterolateral portal and asecond portal is created under visualization via the soft spot. Initially, debridement of the focal cartilage defect, assessment of the marginal zone, and/or salvage of free joint bodies. Using asmooth shaver and the filter provided, the partially or even completely detached cartilage fragment is unidirectionally fragmented under continuous suction. The remaining defect with astable marginal zone is cleanly curetted, and the joint is completely dried. The fragmented cartilage collected in the filter is bonded to amembrane using autologous conditioned plasma (ACP) and then arthroscopically applied to the defect via acannula, sealed using thrombin and fibrin. Postoperative immobilization in acast for at least 24 h is required. Afterwards, free exercise of the joint is possible, but no loading should be maintained for 6weeks. Return to sport after 3months. Good to very good clinical and MRI morphologic results are already evident in the short-term course. Prospective and retrospective multicenter studies are needed to evaluate future long-term results.

Assessment of radon in traditional building materials using polymeric nuclear track detector

Natural uranium deposits decay into radon gas, a radioactive element that is produced spontaneously. It is a radioactive gas that adversely affects the human population because it can be ingested and inhaled internally, contaminating living tissue, especially DNA, through the ionizing process that increases free radical bodies and increases the risk of cancer. The present study is carried out to determine the radon concentration for some traditional building materials in Egypt by using the nuclear track detector (CR-39). The values of radon concentrations measured by CR-39 ranged from 40.5 ± 3 to 593.2 ± 13 with an average value of 180 ± 6 (Bqm−3). The average values of both surface and mass exhalation rates are 6.3E-04 (Bqm−2h−1) and 7.01E-06 (Bqkg−1h−1) respectively. Pearson’s correlation analysis shows a direct and great correlation between 222Rn, and all variables indexed particularly the annual effective dose with significance at 0.01. The current study helps to create baseline data to assess any anomalies in the level of background radioactivity at Egyptian houses. In addition to applying radiation protection strategies for public and occupational regarding the permissible and recommendation limits by ICRP, and IAEA.

Treatment of osteochondritis dissecans

Osteochondritis dissecans (OD) is arare condition with an incidence of 30/100,000. It especially affects male patients aged 10-20years old. During the staged progression the osteochondral fragments can detach from their base. These can damage the adjacent articular cartilage, which can lead to premature osteoarthritis. Most commonly affected are the knee, ankle and elbow joints. The exact pathogenesis of OD has so far not been clearly confirmed. Several risk factors that can lead to the development of OD are discussed. These include repeated microtrauma and vascularization disorders that can lead to ischemia of the subchondral bone and to aseparation of the fragments close to the joint and therefore to the development of free joint bodies. For an adequate clarification patients should undergo athorough radiological evaluation including X‑ray imaging followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the integrity of the cartilage-bone formation with determination of the OD stage. The assessment is based on criteria of the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS). The instability of the cartilage-bone fragment increases with higher stages. StagesI andII with stable cartilage-bone interconnection can be treated conservatively. For stagesIII andIV, i.e., instability of the OD fragment or the presence of free fragments, surgical treatment should be performed. Primarily, refixation of afree joint body should be carried out depending on the size and vitality of the fragment. In cases of unsuccessful conservative treatment or fixation, adebridement, if necessary in combination with a bone marrow stimulating procedure, can be employed corresponding to the size of the defect. For larger cartilage defects, an osteochondral graft transplantation should be considered. Overall, OD lesions in stagesI andII show agood healing tendency under conservative treatment. In cases of incipient unstable OD, refixation can also lead to good clinical and radiological results.

Anterior Ankle Impingement Syndrome With Spur Fragmentation: Is It an Os Talotibiale?

Bone fragments are often found in ankles with anterior bony impingement. However, whether they are detached osteophytes or accessory bones remains unknown. Among the 66 continuously enrolled cases of ankles with anterior bony impingement, 32 had a fragment located at the anterior margin of the tibia. The cases of posterior impingement, lateral instability, osteochondral lesions, or free bodies simultaneously treated were excluded. The enrolled subjects were classified into 2 groups: ankles without (group A) and with remarkable spurs (group B). The patients' backgrounds, location of the fragments, clinical scores, and other parameters required to resume sports were compared. The Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) ankle rating scale was used to evaluate preoperative and postoperative ankle conditions, and the Self-Administered Foot Evaluation Questionnaire (SAFE-Q) was used to evaluate postoperative sports abilities. Eight (seven subjects) and 11 ankles were classified into groups A and B, respectively, and the mean age of the 18 patients was 25.4 (range, 16-37) years. No statistical differences in patient backgrounds or fragment sizes between the groups existed. In group A, the fragments were located on the lateral plateau in 7 of the 8 ankles, whereas in group B, their locations varied. The patients were followed up for a median of 48 months (range, 24-168). No complications were observed. The postoperative JSSF and SAFE-Q sports activity scores were significantly higher in group A than in group B (P <.01 and <.001, respectively). The postoperative term to return to their original sports activities was significantly shorter in group A (P < .05). Anterior bony fragments of the ankle without a remarkable spur were located at a specific site, and the results of arthroscopic treatment were better than in those with remarkable spurs. Such a fragment may be called an os talotibiale. Level III, retrospective cohort study.

Original Feminsims Or Mwenkanonkano In Uganda: Indigenous Voices In Jennifer Nansubuga Makumbi’s The First Woman

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the novel The First Woman by Jennifer Nansubuga Makumbi in the context of indigenous feminism(s). In the narrative, the protagonist discovers “the original state” of women according to the story she hears from the town witch, Nsuuta: before patriarchy, women were free like bodies of water, shapeless, inconstant, untamed. This original state has been suppressed by centuries of male dominance, but mwenkanonkano (the name the author gives to local feminism) is present in the life of many women who defy discrimination every day with their mere existence and the way they conduct their life. Nsuuta, by orally rendering the myths surrounding womanhood and passing them on to Kirabo, is writing (hi)story, legitimating it in their Ugandan context. Therefore, I argue that Makumbi conveys the need of an intersectional feminism which takes into consideration the life experiences of those women who are (and were) speaking up from their (un)comfortable homes. The author proves how significant these overlooked testimonies are since they are powerful examples of female survival in a society dominated by two intertwined forces: phallocracy and colonialism.

Empirical scaling of formation fracturing by high-energy impulsive mechanical loads

Recent technological advances to trigger high-energy seismic waves from within the wellbore have spurred interest in their potential application to induce fracturing within deep subsurface formations. Although a considerable body of experimental observations at the bench scale (on the order of 1 cubic foot) show promise, there remains considerable uncertainty in how the process may scale to the field. This work characterizes the relationship between the extent and intensity of fracturing and the duration and strength of the dynamic load. Our approach uses a direct numerical simulation of the elastodynamic equations while accounting for nonlinear fracture mechanics. A hybrid Finite-Discrete Element Method (FDEM) is applied whereby cohesive (elastoplastic) laws hold mesh elements together until complete failure. Beyond failure, elements act as deformable free bodies that can interact via contact constraints, including friction. The consistency of the model is first verified and it is validated with observations from previously reported physical experiments. Subsequently, we apply the model to conduct a numerical exploration of the dimensionless parameter space that defines plausible loading waveforms. We model an infinite domain that contains a spherical inclusion within which various impulsive loads are applied. The dynamic loading waveform is parameterized by its rise time to peak stress, followed by a decay period, and occurring within micro- to milliseconds. The dimensionless parameter space is sampled by varying loading characteristics (rise time, peak pressure, and impulse) to reveal the stimulated damaged bulk volume and crack intensity. Consistent with reported experimental observations, the model reproduces a nearly linear trend between the radius of damage and the maximum stress on the bench scale. Beyond that scale, however, the model predicts that this scaling slows considerably to a fractional power law between the damaged radius and the peak stress. This limitation coincides with a geometric increase in the intensity of damage within the stimulated volume. We present loci curves of the expected damage radii as functions of the loading waveform properties.

직장어린이집 교실에서 일어나는 위험한 놀이에 관한 유아반 교사의 경험 연구

Objectives This study aimed to understand the experiences of early childhood teachers about risk play in the classroom, and in particular, paid attention to the complex effects of the physical and social characteristics of the workplace child care center.&#x0D; Methods The investigator selected six early childhood teachers that were concerned about risky play in the classroom at workplace child care centers. They were interviewed with visual methodology in 24 sessions about 22 weeks, analyzed through four stages: transcription, abbreviation by subject, semantic categorization, semantic conceptualization.&#x0D; Results First, teachers used the predicted degree of injury, the possibility of learning, the existence of prior consultation, existence of rules as criteria for acceptability, and divided the experience into risk-taking challenging play and risky behavior. Based on this, risk-taking challenging play is to use risky materials attributes or utilization of materials in this way, but challenging the limitations of the body or environment was considered risky behavior. Second, teachers expressed difficulties due to fear for injuries and external negative perception, violation of classroom management rules. They had experiences uncertainty where physical safety is not guaranteed, deviating from the purpose of education, freewheelingness against the static order, collisionality against manners for others. Third, despite, the teachers were having new moves such as encouraging challenges to risky play, change the meaning of infants' free bodies in the classroom, think about conflicts and boundaries in space, and cooperate with parents and faculty. In addition, Teachers demanded manpower, communicate and understand about risks and safety, time to think about classrooms and risky play, opportunities to share cases and educate.&#x0D; Conclusions Teachers had a movement to understand child-risk-space as an integral element, away from rigid boundaries inside and outside the classroom and the restrictive meaning of risk and education. Therefore, it suggests educational subjects become collaborators of risky play and create a self-sustaining meaning.

Thermodynamic Entropy: A Natural Metric for Landcover Classification

Most landcover (LC) studies employ physical characteristics involving spectral reflectance. This study employs the concept of energy and entropy for LC classification. Satellite imageries from Landsat-8, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infra-Red Sensor (TIRS) captured at 100 m for three years (2013, 2015 and 2017) and resampled to a spatial resolution of 30 m for multispectral measurements were acquired. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the study area was computed for both the wet (September/October) and dry (March) seasons of years 2013, 2015 and 2017, respectively; and the vegetation cover maps and landcover classification of the area based on the NDVI values were generated. Land surface temperature (LST) and net radiation of the surface area were computed and used as inputs for computing the surface entropy flux (SEF) of the study area. Overall, the dry season of 2017 had the highest vegetation cover while the wet season vegetation cover was highest in 2015. The high dry season vegetation cover in 2017 is attributable to higher level of living biomass than previous years. NDVI-based LC classification of the area showed an overlap in distinguishing between built-up areas and vegetation cover as well as between bare (land) surface and free water bodies. This is attributable to skewed measure of centrality for the sample distribution possibly resulting from the quality (resolution) of data used or sampling techniques. Free water bodies had the highest SEF values that fall within expected behavior for bodies of such state (liquids). The vegetation covers had the second highest SEF values for the entire site and the highest on land surface, which could be attributed to higher latent heat fluxes of such covers resulting from the evapotranspiration processes. The bare surfaces and built-up area of the study area were observed to have the lowest SEF values. The LC of the study area was reclassified based on SEF values via ground truthing i.e., by taking statistical distribution of well-known surface classes across the years under study. This was successful in distinguishing vegetation cover, surfaces of free water bodies and bare surfaces. A regression analysis revealed that LST influences SEF by up to 69 – 75% while vegetation cover has no appreciable influence on SEF. A two-sample t-test showed a significant (P = 0.05) difference between the SEF for bare surfaces and that for vegetation cover. All these presents SEF as a reliable natural metric for LC classification.

Role of the State Administrative Court in Realizing Good Governance

Indonesia is a state of Law based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution aimed at realizing a prosperous, safe, peaceful and peaceful life for the State and nation and ensuring the equal position of citizens in Law, providing the maintenance of harmonious, balanced, and cooperative relations between State bodies or officials and citizens, in an effort by the Government to organize people's lives to achieve the State's goal of protecting the entire Indonesian nation. All to promote the general welfare, educate the nation's life and all Indonesian bloodshed, promote the general welfare, educate the nation's energy, and participate in implementing world order based on independence, lasting peace, and social justice. The administration of Government should create a condition that leads to the goal that citizens can feel and enjoy the atmosphere and climate of order and legal certainty that is just. In its implementation, there are often conflicts of interest, disputes, and disputes between the State Administration Agency or Officer and citizens that harm or hinder the performance of the Government. The argument is resolved through the State Administrative Court, which must be able to uphold justice, truth, order, and legal certainty so as to provide protection to the community, especially in the relationship between the State Administrative Agency or Officer and the community because the position of the Government is stronger than the people, legal protection of the people must be carried out by a free and independent judicial process. The State Administrative Court resolves the dispute by Law Number 9 of 2004. The State Administrative Court is one of the independent free state judiciary bodies without the influence of other powers, adhering to Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and applicable laws and regulations to juridically control government actions that violate administrative provisions.

CT and MRI as Diagnostic and Management Decision Tools for First Time Lateral Patellar Dislocations: A Cross-Sectional, Retrospective Study.

Following first-time lateral patellar dislocation (FTLPD), most patients are treated conservatively, although 50% of patients will have recurrent dislocations. Typically, radiographs followed by CT and/or MRI are used to assist the clinician in determining treatment strategy and, combined with clinical findings, intraarticular free bodies (CT/MRI), significant medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) tear (MRI) and lateral displacement of the patella (CT) form relative indications for surgery. Radiographs, MRI and CT knee studies of 34 patients after lateral patellar dislocation (26 FTLPD) were evaluated for intraarticular free bodies, patellar/trochlear fracture, lateral femoral condyle compression, MPFL tear, tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, and surgery indications. Free bodies and fractures were also evaluated on knee radiographs. FTLPD was analyzed as a subgroup. Surgical indications were compared between imaging modalities. Among FTLPD (26 patients); free bodies were identified in 13 and 19 patients using MRI and CT respectively, compared with 5 patients on radiographs; this was statistically significant. In 8 cases surgery was indicated based on MPFL tear (MRI) combined with lateral patellar displacement (CT). When MRI and CT results were combined, 21 of 26 patients had imaging indications for surgery compared to 13 and 19 patients based on the MRI or CT alone, respectively.CT was statistically better than MRI alone or MRI with radiographs in identifying patients requiring surgery. An MRI or CT study is warranted to determine the need for surgery. A second imaging study (different from the first) should be considered, if surgical indication was not established from the initial study or clinical presentation.

Schrödinger–Newton Equation with Spontaneous Wave Function Collapse

Based on the assumption that the standard Schrödinger equation becomes gravitationally modified for massive macroscopic objects, two independent proposals have survived from the 1980s. The Schrödinger–Newton equation (1984) provides well-localized solitons for free macro-objects but lacks the mechanism of how extended wave functions collapse on solitons. The gravity-related stochastic Schrödinger equation (1989) provides the spontaneous collapse, but the resulting solitons undergo a tiny diffusion, leading to an inconvenient steady increase in the kinetic energy. We propose the stochastic Schrödinger–Newton equation, which contains the above two gravity-related modifications together. Then, the wave functions of free macroscopic bodies will gradually and stochastically collapse to solitons, which perform inertial motion without momentum diffusion: conservation of momentum and energy is restored.

On interaction between freely moving bodies and fluid in a channel flow

The interaction between free fast-moving bodies (or particles) and the fluid surrounding them is studied, motivated by applications in different branches of industry, biomedicine, the environment and science such as flying droplets, ice growth, dust, impacts, food grains, sport, complexity and storms. New inviscid-based modelling and results on the behaviour of two interacting bodies inside a channel flow are described. This is followed by discussion of the more-bodies extension with a view to treating arrays of bodies in a rational manner. Significant dependences on initial conditions and on the comparative body masses and moments of inertia are found for the occurrence of body-body impacts as opposed to wall-body impacts and for the associated impact times.

Giant Peritoneal Free Body: Case Report

Free bodies in the peritoneal cavity are solid, very rare and mostly asymptomatic tumors. We present the case of a finding of free body in the peritoneal cavity during appendectomy. Free bodies in the peritoneal cavity are very rare cases reported in the literature, described as giants greater than 5 cm in diameter, predominantly in men over 50 years, with an incidence of man / woman of 17: 3. There is no definite surgical treatment for foreign bodies in the cavity, as most are asymptomatic and mostly identified as a finding. Surgical treatment is reserved for symptomatic cases.

Clinically and Ultrasonographic Examination Findings in a Cow with Right Sided Abomasal Displacement and Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis

Aim:In this study, the results of clinical, ultrasonographic, and laparotomy examinations of a five-year-old dairy cow with right abomasal displacement and traumatic reticuloperitonitis are presented. Materials and Methods: A five-year-old Holstein cow who had recently given birth was brought to the veterinary teaching hospital with a history of depression, anorexia, constipation, arched backs, and bloat. Based on the history and the results of the clinical and ultrasonographic examination, a tentative diagnosis of TRP and RDA was made, and the cow was submitted for surgery. Results: An ultrasonographic examination revealed hyperechogenic fibrin deposits and anechogenic fluid pockets between the reticulum and the anterior dorsal blind sac of the rumen. It was discovered that the displaced abomasum is hypoechogenic, has fluid ingesta ventrally, and has a gas cap more dorsally. The reticulum's submerged and free foreign bodies were removed, and an abomasopexy procedure was performed. She became appetent the following day after the surgery and made steady improvements over the following days. Conclusion: It was concluded that ultrasonography along with a clinical examination, is a useful adjunct tool for assessing the concurrent observed abomasal displacement and traumatic reticuloperitonitis.

Hydrodynamic Performance of Heaving Motion on Cylinder and Conical Two-Body Point Absorber in Low Wave Energy

A The motion response of floating wave energy converters (WEC) is crucial for study in the field of ocean energy harvesting. A well-known design for gathering ocean wave energy is the floating wave energy point absorber. It is commonly investigated theoretically using idealised one- and two-degrees-of-freedom dynamic models based on the system's number of free bodies. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, this article evaluates the hydrodynamic damping of heaving motions on cylinder and conical two-body point absorber wave energy harvesters. The damping performance of both point absorber devices in the Sarawak zone was evaluated using a simulation run at low wave heights (0.25m-2.25m) and short wave periods (3.5s-9.5s). Both point absorber bodies are modelled to determine their heaving dynamic motion frequency under calm, medium, and strong wave conditions. This analysis reveals the extensive research being undertaken to advance point absorbers' technical maturity, ultimately paving the way for commercialization and mass production. The results reveal that a cylinder two-body point absorber with a Response Amplitude Operator (RAO) is more efficient than a conical point absorber at absorbing low wave heights.

A Cargo of Slaves? Demosthenes 34.10

Existing studies of the ancient Greek slave trade lack detailed evidence for a key link in the supply chain. The geographical origins of non-Greek slaves are well known, as are the various destinations to which they were trafficked; as yet, however, little is known about their transport by sea. This article shows that a key testimonium for this phase of the trade has been lying unnoticed under historians’ noses: Demosthenes 34.10, a passage that describes the shipwreck and drowning of numerous persons. These unfortunates have long been considered free persons because one of our manuscripts (followed by many modern textual editions) describes them as ‘free bodies’ (somata eleuthera). However, most manuscripts, including the most authoritative manuscript, S (cod. Parisinus 2934, ninth–tenth century ad), simply read somata, ‘bodies’, a word that can mean ‘slaves’ in ancient Greek. Some editors have also rejected the number (‘300’) of these individuals in S, emending it to ‘30’, due to disbelief that an ancient merchantman could carry so many souls aboard. This article argues that the readings in S should stand, and that this passage illustrates an episode where the shipment of numerous slaves went disastrously wrong.

Study on the immunopathological effect of titanium particles in peri-implantitis granulation tissue: A case-control study.

ObjectivesTo identify titanium particles (TPs) in biopsy specimens harvested from peri‐implantitis lesions and secondarily to study the histopathological characteristics in peri‐implantitis compared to periodontitis, in order to evaluate whether the presence of TPs could alter respective inflammatory patterns.Material and methodsBiopsies containing granulation tissue were harvested during routine surgical treatment in 39 peri‐implantitis cases and 35 periodontitis controls. Serial sections were obtained using titanium‐free microtome blades. The first and last sections of the peri‐implantitis specimens were used for identification of TPs by scanning electron microscopy coupled with dispersive X‐ray spectrometry. Intermediate sections and periodontitis specimens were processed for descriptive histological study using haematoxylin–eosin staining and for immunohistochemical analysis using CD68, IL‐6, Nf‐kB and VEGF markers.ResultsTPs were identified in all peri‐implantitis specimens as free metal bodies interspersed within granulation tissue. However, presence of macrophages or multinucleated giant cells engulfing the TPs were not identified in any specimen. Peri‐implantitis granulations were characterized by a chronic inflammatory infiltrate rich in neutrophils. About half of peri‐implantitis patients exhibited a subacute infiltrate characterized with lymphocytes interweaved with neutrophils and eosinophils. When compared to periodontitis, peri‐implantitis tissues showed higher proportions of macrophages and a more intense neovascularization, based on significantly higher expression of CD68 and VEGF respectively.ConclusionTPs were identified in all peri‐implantitis specimens, but without evidencing any foreign body reaction suggestive for direct pathological effects of TPs. The peri‐implantitis granulation tissue was characterized by intense neovascularization and presence of a chronic inflammatory infiltrate dominated by plasma cells, neutrophils and macrophages.

The distribution in joint recesses and adjacent synovial compartments of loose bodies determined on MR and CT arthrographies of ankle joint.

Loose bodies (LBs) are intraarticular free bodies and may cause synovial inflammation.Accurate and complete determination of the number and location of LBs before surgery are very important for effective treatment.The location, number and distribution of LBs in the ankle joint may be determined successfully by high-resolution magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) and computed tomography arthrography (CTA).For this purpose, MRA and CTA may increase the diagnostic and therapeutic success of the arthroscopy.