Free Air Research Articles

Water use dynamics of dryland wheat grown under elevated CO2 with supplemental nitrogen

Context Elevated atmospheric CO2 (e[CO2]) and nitrogen (N) fertilisation stimulate biomass and yield of crops. However, their interactions depend on crop growth stages and may affect water use dynamics. Aims and methods This study investigated the interactive effects of two N rates, 0 and 100 kg N ha−1, and two CO2 concentrations, ambient (a[CO2], ~400 μmol mol−1) and e[CO2] (~550 μmol mol−1), on biomass, yield and water use of two wheat cultivars, Wyalkatchem (N-use efficient) and Yitpi (local), using a free air CO2 enrichment facility. Key results Elevated [CO2] stimulated leaf area (10%, P = 0.003) and aboveground biomass (11%, P = 0.03). In addition, e[CO2] reduced stomatal conductance (25%, P < 0.001) and increased net assimilation rates (12%, P < 0.001), resulting in greater (40%, P < 0.001) intrinsic water use efficiency. During early growth stages, e[CO2] resulted in higher water use than a[CO2]; however, this difference disappeared later in the season, resulting in similar cumulative water use under both CO2 concentrations. Supplemental N stimulated grain yield of Yitpi by 14% while decreasing that of Wyalkatchem by 7% (N × cultivar, P = 0.063). With supplemental N, Yitpi maintained greater post-anthesis leaf N, chlorophyll content, canopy cover and net assimilation rate than Wyalkatchem. Conclusions During early growth stages, the e[CO2]-induced stimulation of leaf-level water use efficiency was offset by greater biomass, resulting in higher water use. By the end of the season, similar cumulative water use under both CO2 concentrations indicates the dominating effect of the prevailing seasonal conditions in the study area. Observed yield responses of the studied cultivars to supplemental N were associated with their ability to maintain post-anthesis photosynthetic capabilities. Implications Our findings suggest that N-use efficiency traits and responsiveness need to be considered independently to optimise benefits from the ‘CO2 fertilisation effect’ through breeding.

Hepatic invasion of a gastric ulcer confirmed by endoscopy and surgery.

A 66-year-old woman who had been suffering from chronic anorexia for two years was transported to the hospital after being unable to consume food for three days. She had no hematemesis or abdominal pain and had no history of taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Blood tests showed marked anemia with hemoglobin of 3.3 g/dL, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a large ulcer lesion in the lesser curvature of the gastric body and a liver-like mass protruding from the ulcer base. Biopsy of the mass showed proliferation of cells showing irregular cord-like structures, suggestive of normal liver tissue or hepatocellular carcinoma. Computed tomography scan showed no obvious free air in the abdomen. Despite conservative treatment, the patient developed hematemesis and progressive anemia, and surgery was performed (total gastrectomy with partial hepatectomy). Surgical specimen showed an ulcer lesion with fibrosis and loss of wall structure in all layers of the stomach, and liver adhesion with fibrosis deep in the ulcer, but no malignant findings. With the advent of powerful gastric acid secretion inhibitors, gastric ulcer invasion into the liver is now very rare, and this case is thus a valuable example showing very clear images.

AERODYNAMICS OF CYLINDRICAL FINITE LENGTH BODIES

Studies were carried out in the test section of a closed-type wind tunnel. This paper presents the results of velocity distribution in the wake behind short cylinders. To study the effect of the relative length of short cylinders on the aerodynamics of the flow in the wake behind the body, the profiles of the mean velocity were measured in various sections behind short cylinders in the median planes coinciding with the cylinder axis and perpendicular to the cylinder axis. The calculation of resistance of transversely and longitudinally streamlined short cylinders is also given. To determine aerodynamic drag, cylinders with spherical and flat ends were used, as was an ellipsoid of revolution for comparison. The drag coefficient of a transversely streamlined ellipsoid of revolution is somewhat less than its value for a short cylinder at the same elongation of the bodies. In a longitudinal flow around a short cylinder with spherical ends and ellipsoids of revolution, the drag coefficients smoothly decrease with an increase in the Reynolds number to some minimum values. Based on the results of aerodynamic studies, the regularities of the flow around finite length cylinders with different ends shapes in a free air flow with longitudinal and transverse flow in a wide range of geometric and operating parameters have been established.

Heat loss effect on bitumen ageing in tanks

The article is devoted to laboratory research on the influence of convective motion as a result of thermal losses and their compensation in tanks on the physical and chemical ageing of bitumen BND 60/90 and BND 90/130. Laboratory tests of bitumen samples confirmed the hypothesis about the key role of free movement of bitumen in tanks on its degradation under conditions of maintaining operating temperatures and free air access. Thus, bitumen degradation has a functional relationship with thermal losses from the tank surface and the total energy input for bitumen heating.

Influence of nozzle geometry on torch parameters during gas combustion

In this paper, when performing and analyzing the series of calculated results of the analysis of the sides of a rectangular nozzle for the parameters of a turbulent free air jet and a flame of a propane-butane mixture based on three-dimensional parabolic Navier-Stokes bonds for multicomponent reacting jets. To estimate the turbulent viscosity, differential equations of the kinetic and dissipation of the kinetic energy of turbulence are observed with refined empirical constants that are acceptable in turbulent combustion, as in the calculations, the initial values of the kinetic energy of turbulence did not exceed 5% of the dimensionless velocity of the main jet. It was found that when an air jet flows out of a nozzle with an aspect ratio of (1:2) and (1:4) in the initial sections of the jet, its shape behaves like an ellipse and, with the distance, it turns into a round one, with dimensionless, x greater or equal to 20 for the nozzle (1:2) and x greater or equal to 30 for (1:4), and for this variant there is again a transition to an elliptical shape. Studies of the diffusion combustion of a propane-butane mixture flowing out of a rectangular nozzle with an aspect ratio of (1:2) and (1:4) showed that with the ratio of the speed of the oxidizer to fuel mu, the flame length increases when mu between 0 and 0.164, and then, with an increase of mu more than 0.41, the torch length is shortened. The axial distributions of the momentum flux density with the aspect ratio (1:4), the jet core is shortened by 2÷2.5 times, compared with the aspect ratio (1:2) with the other parameters unchanged. Setting the tangential velocity at the mouth of the nozzle (ω=6.1 m/s) leads to a decrease in the torch length by 11% compared to its value equal to zero.

DETERMINATION OF THE FINE-GRAINED COMPONENT PARAMETERS OF THE SOIL MIXTURE FOR THE ESTABLISHING OF THE ELEMENTS OF BULKS EARTH DAMS

Perform theoretical research, aimed at solving problems of determining the physical parameters of the components (fine and coarse earth) of soil mixtures intended for the construction of elements (thrust prisms, cores, depressions, screens, impervious devices) of bulk earth dams. In a new formulation the tasks have been solved in relation to two variants of the state of the soil mixture. As the first option, the case is considered when free water, air and gaseous substances take place in the pores of the fine earth, and the second option, when only water is in the pores of the fine earth. The received formulas, allowing to establish the volume and mass of fine powder and large amount of soil mixture. There are also formulas for determining the density of fine-grained and coarse-grained for the indication of two variants of soil mixtures. The formulas are recommended to be used at the stage of realization of the process of conditioning of soil mixtures, that is, to change the moisture, density and granulometric composition of their components. In this case, the formulas relating to the first variant state of soil mixtures, preferably used for their conditioning in quarries, reserves (warehouses) and transportation. The results of checking the formula for determining the density of a fine-grained component in a dry state are given. The novelty of the obtained solutions lies in the fact that, unlike existing methods, they take into account the presence of free water, air and gaseous substances in the composition of soil mixtures, which have a significant effect on the compaction of the mixtures.

Bouguer Anomaly Re-Reduction and Interpretative Remarks of the Phlegraean Fields Caldera Structures (Southern Italy)

Phlegraean Fields is a large, active caldera located in the densely populated westernmost sector of Naples’s Bay (Southern Italy). Several Bouguer anomaly surveys are available for this area with different resolution and accuracy; gravity data derive from the integration of stations placed below and above the sea level as the caldera develops both onshore and offshore. The comparison of these maps with the Digital Elevation Model shows a still remaining Terrain Effect hiding the shallower and deep caldera structure’s signal. This effect has an impact on the modelling of the gravity source’s depth and geometry. In this research, we apply a geologically constrained terrain correction method to the higher resolution Free Air dataset available for the study area to enhance the complete Bouguer reduction. The correlation analysis between the residual and the topography allows us to assess the quality of the outcomes. The results represent an improvement in the anomalies’ isolation and clearly show a continuous circular-like clustering of maxima related to the geometry of the caldera rim. The minima are associated with volcano-tectonic depression filled with pyroclastic and sediment. Furthermore, features alignments overlap the fault systems, along which the volcanic activity occurred.

Pediatric sigmoid colonic perforation with Campylobacter enterocolitis: a case report and review of the literature

BackgroundCampylobacter-related infectious gastroenteritis is common and usually self-limited. Intestinal perforation is a rare complication of the infectious colitis caused by Campylobacter, and only handful of cases have been reported. This is the first published case report of pediatric Campylobacter intestinal perforation located in the sigmoid colon.Case presentationA 15-year-old previously Taiwanese healthy boy presented with 5 days of fever up to 39.8 °C, with right lower quadrant abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. Although he received antimotility agents and antipyretics at a local clinic to relieve symptoms, he came to the emergency department with signs of shock manifesting as hypothermia to 35.2 °C, tachycardia, and low blood pressure. Laboratory testing demonstrated leukocytosis with left shift and significant elevation of C-reactive protein. Stool and blood cultures were obtained, and he was admitted for fluid challenge and antibiotic treatment. On the second day of admission, he suffered from sudden onset of severe, diffuse abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed muscle guarding, rebounding tenderness, and silent bowel sound. Abdominal X-ray showed subdiaphragmatic free air at standing view. The patient underwent emergent exploratory laparotomy, which revealed sigmoid colon perforation about 0.5 cm. Enterolysis and repair of sigmoid colon were performed. Intraoperative stool specimen nucleic acid amplification testing had turned positive for Campylobacter spp. with negative results for other bacterial pathogens. His symptoms improved and he tolerated food well, and was discharged 15 days after admission.ConclusionsWe present this case because of the rarity of Campylobacter-induced sigmoid colon perforation in the pediatric population. It is important to keep in mind that sigmoid colon perforation can be due to an infectious cause, and one of the culprits can be Campylobacter. Infectious colitis caused by Campylobacter spp. should be managed cautiously and the use of antimotility agents in such conditions should be considered judiciously.

Redistribution of gas between the bulk and bubble phases in water irradiated with low-intensity electromagnetic waves

It has been established that the irradiation of liquid water with low-intensity electromagnetic waves of the centimeters range provides:
 
 Increasing the amount of light scattering (and optical density) of the water sample.
 An increase in the volume of free air contained in the water.
 
 These changes are due to the transfer of part of the gas dissolved in water into air bubbles.
 The mechanism "bubble" can explain the effects of low-intensity electromagnetic waves on biological fluids. Also, a change in the "standard" mode of functioning of a living cell. Figs.:1, Tabl.:  , Refs.: 18 titles.
 Keywords: electromagnetic waves, irradiation, air bubbles.

Response of tropical trees to elevated Ozone: a Free Air Ozone Enrichmentstudy.

Tropospheric ozone (O3) has become one of the main urban air pollutants. In the present study, we assessed impact of ambient and future ground-level O3 on nine commonly growing urban tree species under Free Air Ozone Enrichment (FAOE)condition. During the study period, meanambient and elevated ozone (EO3) concentrations were 48.59 and 69.62ppb, respectively. Under EO3 treatment,stomatal density (SD) significantly decreased and guard cell length (GCL) increased in Azadirachta indica, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Plumeria rubra, Saraca asoca and Tabernaemontana divaricata, while SD increased and GCL decreased in Ficus benghalensis and Terminalia arjuna. Proline levels increased in all the nine plant species under EO3 condition. EO3 significantly reduced photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rates (E). Only A. indica and N. indicum showed higher gs and E under EO3 treatment. Water use efficiency (WUE) significantlyincreased in F. benghalensis anddecreased in A. indica and T. divaricata. Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) significantly increased in Ficus religiosa and S. asoca whereas it decreased in B. spectabilis and A. indica. Of all the plant species B. spectabilis and A. indica were the mostsensitive to EO3 (high gs and less ascorbic acid content) whileS. asoca and F. religiosa were the mosttolerant (lowgs and more ascorbic acid content). The sensitivity of urban tree species to EO3 is a cause ofconcern and should be considered for future urban forestry programmes. Our study should guidemore such studies toidentify tolerant trees for urban air pollution abatement.

A first-order kinetic model for simulating the aerobic degradation of municipal solid waste

Aerobic degradation models are important tools for investigating the aerobic degradation behavior of municipal solid waste (MSW). In this paper, a first-order kinetic model for aerobic degradation of MSW was developed. The model comprehensively considers the aerobic degradation of five substrates, i.e., holocellulose, non-cellulosic sugars, proteins, lipids and lignin. The proportion ranges of the five substrates are summarized with the recommended values given. The effects of temperature, moisture content, oxygen concentration and free air space (FAS) on the reaction rates are considered, and the effect of settlement is accounted for in the FAS correction function. The reliability of the model was verified by comparing simulations of the aerobic degradation of low food waste content (LFWC-) and high food waste content (HFWC-) MSWs to the literature. Afterwards, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to establish the relative importance of aeration rate (AR), volumetric moisture content (VMC), and temperature. VMC had the greatest influence on the aerobic degradation of LFWC-MSW, followed by temperature and then AR; for HFWC-MSW, temperature was the most important factor, then VMC and last was AR. The degradation ratio of LFWC-MSW can reach 98.0% after 100 days degradation under its optimal conditions (i.e., temperature: 55 °C, VMC: 40%, AR: 0.16 L min−1 kg−1 DM), while it is slightly higher as 99.5% for HFWC-MSW under its optimal conditions (i.e., temperature: 55 °C, VMC: 40%, AR: 0.20 L min−1 kg−1 DM).

Dynamic Performance Enhancement of One-way Reinforced Concrete Slabs by Fiber-reinforced Polymer Re-bars and Aluminum Foam under Air-blast Loading

In the present study, finite element (FE) simulations are performed using the high fidelity physics-based finite element program, ABAQUS/CAE on the models of the one-way normal strength concrete slab, reinforced with the High Yield Strength Deformed (HYSD) steel re-bars, subjected to air-blast loading. The FE models are developed and subjected to different quantities of the TNT explosive charges at different scaled distances (between 0.75 and 3.0 m/kg1/3) in free air. There exists a good correlation between available experimental values/observations and the results obtained analytically. Analyses have been extended replacing the conventional steel re-bars with the re-bars of the fiber-reinforced polymers namely; aramid, basalt, carbon, and glass, of equivalent strength on the tension side, impact side only, and both the sides of the slab. The replacement has been considered to improve the blast resistance of the slab. The damage in the slabs has been simulated using the available sophisticated material model to evaluate geometric parameters of cracks. FE simulation results for the considered combinations of the reinforcement have been compared to arrive at the best reinforcement combination in the slab. To further enhance the blast performance of this slab, single and double layers of the aluminum foam has also been considered on the impact face. Application of the aluminum foam is found to be effective in reducing the mid-span deflection, damage dissipation energy, and depth of transverse flexural cracks.

Prognostic value of free air under diaphragm on chest radiographs in correlation with peritoneal soiling intraoperatively

Gastrointestinal perforation is a significant injury that originates mainly from gastrointestinal ulcers. It is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The height of the column of the air under the diaphragm can be used to estimate the amount of peritoneal soiling due to viscus perforation. This study aimed to determine the correlation between this estimate and the incidence of morbidity and mortality. To achieve this aim, a prospective cohort study was conducted on 83 patients at Kasr al ainy hospital who, between March 2021 and March 2022, presented to the emergency department with free air under the diaphragm at chest X-ray and required surgical intervention for a perforated viscus. For each case, the amount of peritoneal soiling and the amount of air under the diaphragm as determined by a chest X-ray were recorded. The mean air under the diaphragm in a plain erect chest X-ray was 1.78 ± 1.92cm, and the mean amount of peritoneal soiling was 1201.83 ± 948.99 CC. There are positive correlations between the amount of air under the diaphragm as shown on an X-ray and the size of the perforation (p = 0.034), the amount of peritoneal soiling (p = 0.003), and the mortality (p = 0.013). There was a statistically significant correlation between air under the diaphragm according to X-ray and the amount of peritoneal soiling in patients with a perforated viscus. This measure can be used as a sensitive tool to predict morbidity and mortality as more free air in the chest X-ray is associated with significant mortality. These results may enhance the decision making using sensitive and available tool of diagnosis.

Numerical simulation of the performance of an asymmetrical airfoil under extreme weather conditions

This paper presents a numerical study of icing of a NACA2412 airfoil and the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil with ice accretion. The study analyzes the effects of liquid water content, accretion time and varying angles of attack (AoA) up to 200 on ice accretion and, consequently, on the aerodynamic coefficients of the airfoil. The free stream velocity and air temperature were kept constant in the simulations. Results revealed that the ratio of lift and drag coefficients was the highest after a short accretion time (i.e., about 20 minutes), but then it decreased significantly with accretion time. Ice accretion increased with time; its mass was the greatest at 100 of AoA. The results can be beneficial for designing blade shapes to optimize wind turbine performance during adverse weather conditions.

Effects of Simulated Diurnal Asymmetrical Warming on the Growth Characteristics and Grain Yield of Winter Highland Barley in Tibet

There has been an obvious diurnal asymmetrical warming effect as a result of the overall climate warming in the Tibetan Plateau. To reduce the uncertainty caused by the diurnal asymmetrical warming effect on future food security predictions in the Tibetan Plateau, this study used winter highland barley (var. Dongqing No. 1) for the experimental materials, and the FATI (Free Air Temperature Increase) field open heating system to carry out a simulated diurnal asymmetrical warming experiment (AW: All-day warming, DW: Daytime warming, NW: Nighttime warming, CK: Control) for two growing seasons (2018–2019 and 2019–2020) at the Lhasa Agroecosystem Research Station. The growth characteristics and yield of Tibetan winter highland barley were investigated in this study. Compared to the control, all the AW, DW and NW treatments had significant effects on the phenological period of winter highland barley, with the advancement of the phenological phase and shortening of the whole growth period. The degree of influence was AW>NW>DW, and all the AW, DW and NW treatments shortened the interval from sowing to heading of winter highland barley and increased the interval from heading to maturity. The effect on the phenological phase was the most obvious for AW and reached a statistically significant level (P<0.05). During the generative growth phase, the biomass above-ground and plant height of winter highland barley had an increasing tendency under the different warming conditions. In the late growth period, the biomass above-ground and plant height of the NW treatment were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. In addition, the warming caused a decrease in the dry matter distribution proportions of leaves and stems at the mature stage, and an increase in the distribution ratios of roots and spikes; and the AW, NW and DW treatments increased grain yields by 16.4%, 24.6% and 9.5%, respectively, on average in the two years. The increasing effect on grain yields of the NW treatment reached a significant level compared with the control in 2019–2020 (t=–2.541, P=0.026). In terms of yield composition, the effective spike number and 1000-grain weight tended to increase. The grain number per spike tended to increase, except for the AW treatment, while panicle length and seed setting rate tended to decrease, except for the NW treatment. Therefore, the effects of different simulated diurnal asymmetrical warming treatments on the growth characteristics and yield of winter highland barley were variable in the Tibetan Plateau.

Grapevine leaf physiology and morphological characteristics to elevated CO2 in the VineyardFACE (Free air Carbon dioxide Enrichment) experiment.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has continuously increased since pre-industrial times and has currently reached an average growth rate of 2.3 ppm per year. For the majority of plant species elevated CO2 (eCO2) improves photosynthesis and thus plant biomass production. To investigate the effects of eCO2 on leaf physiology and morphological leaf characteristics two Vitis vinifera L. cultivars, Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon, grown in the VineyardFACE (Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment) system were used. The VineyardFACE is located at Geisenheim, Rheingau comparing future atmospheric CO2-concentrations (eCO2, predicted for the mid-21st century) with current ambient CO2-conditions (aCO2). Experiments were operated under rain-fed conditions for two consecutive years (2015 and 2016). For both varieties and CO2 treatments, leaf gas exchange measurements were performed as well as measures of epidermal flavonoid (Flav) and leaf chlorophyll (Chl) indices by using a portable leaf clip. Furthermore, leaves were sampled for spectrophotometric analysis of the leaf pigments chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and carotenoid (Car). Additionally, leaf cross-sections were produced as permanent preparations to investigate morphological characteristics of the leaf structure. Both cultivars did not differ in leaf chlorophyll meter readings or leaf pigments between the two CO2 treatments while net assimilation was highly stimulated under elevated CO2 for both seasons. Differences found in leaf cross-sections were detected in palisade parenchyma and epidermal thickness of Cabernet Sauvignon under eCO2, whereas Riesling net assimilation increased by 40% under a 20% CO2 enrichment while remaining unaffected in different leaf layer thickness. The observed results within grapevine leaf tissues provide insights to seasonal adaptation strategies of grapevines under elevated CO2 concentrations predicted in future.

Chronic ozone exposure impairs the mineral nutrition of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seedlings

Chronic ozone (O3) exposure in the atmosphere preferentially disturbs metabolic processes in the roots rather than the shoot as a consequence of reduced photosynthesis and carbohydrate allocation from the leaves to the roots. The aim of the present study was to elucidate if mineral nutrition is also impaired by chronic O3 exposure. For this purpose, date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) plants were fumigated with ambient, 1.5 × ambient and 2 × ambient O3 in a free air controlled exposure (FACE) system for one growing season and concentrations of major nutrients were analyzed in leaves and roots. In addition, concentrations of C and N and their partitioning between different metabolic C and N pools were determined in both organs. The results showed that calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) acquisition by roots was diminished by O3 exposure of the shoot. For Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn reduced uptake by the roots was combined with reduced allocation to the shoot, resulting in a decline of foliar concentrations; for Na and K, allocation to the shoot was maintained at the expense of the roots. Thus, elevated O3 impaired both mineral uptake by the roots and partitioning of minerals between roots and shoots, but in an element specific way. Thereby, elevated O3 affected roots and shoots differently already after one growing season. However, considerable changes in total C and N concentrations and their partitioning between different metabolic pools upon chronic O3 exposure were not observed in either leaves or roots, except for reduced foliar lignin concentrations at 2 × ambient O3. Significant differences in these parameters were shown between leaves and roots independent of O3 application. The physiological consequences of the effects of chronic O3 exposure on mineral acquisition and partitioning between leaves and roots are discussed.

PLUME Dashboard: A free and open-source mobile air quality monitoring dashboard

The deployment of a mobile air quality monitoring laboratory requires advanced real-time instrument monitoring and data management software, which can be prohibitively expensive. In this work we present the PLUME Dashboard: a software package built in Python designed specifically for mobile air quality monitoring purposes. It aims to provide a free and open-source alternative to comparable commercial packages, thus reducing the barrier to entry of conducting such research. This paper outlines the development of the PLUME Dashboard and justifies the design choices that were made while also providing thorough documentation and explanation for how the software works. Functionality includes real-time data display, real-time peak identification, baseline subtraction, real-time air quality and self-sampling alerts (based on wind direction and vehicle speed), and post-processing tools such as peak identification and map merging with GPS data. The functionality of PLUME Dashboard is tested using real-world data collected in Toronto and Vancouver Canada.

„Free air” in the hip after a football game

„Free air” in the hip after a football game

A case of duodenal diverticulitis in a patient receiving tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis

A Japanese woman was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis at the age of 41. At the age of 56, her rheumatoid arthritis worsened and a subcutaneous injection of tocilizumab and oral prednisolone was administered, which led to an improvement of arthritis. At the age of 57, right lower abdominal pain and vomiting suddenly appeared. Abdominal computed tomography showed a parapapillary diverticulum in the descending duodenum. The diverticulum was filled with residue, and an inflammation of the surrounding adipose tissue was observed; no free air was found. The patient was diagnosed with duodenal diverticulitis and treated with antibiotics, which resulted in an uneventful recovery. The maximum value of CRP was 1.88㎎/dL on the third day of hospitalization. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy performed on the 8th day of hospitalization revealed a parapapillary diverticulum with adhesion of pus and redness of the mucosa at the opening of the diverticulum, consistent with diverticulitis. This case highlights that diverticulitis in infrequent areas such as the duodenum may occur in patients who are treated with tocilizumab. In addition, inflammation of diverticulitis may be underestimated because abnormal laboratory values such as those induced by inflammatory reactions are less likely to occur during tocilizumab treatment.