Fraudulent Financial Reporting Research Articles

Fraud Factor Analysis Hexagon in Detecting Financial Report Fraud In Listed Companies in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Approach

Financial reporting fraud is a significant challenge across industries, undermining stakeholder trust and the reliability of financial data. The Fraud Model Hexagon expands upon earlier models, like the Fraud Triangle and Fraud Diamond, by introducing six elements pressure, opportunity, rationalization, capability, ego, and collusion that offer a comprehensive view of the factors enabling fraud. This literature review systematically examines the model's effectiveness in detecting financial fraud within Indonesian corporations, especially those listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange or connected to political and governmental entities. Ten studies from 2018 to 2024 were analyzed, focusing on each Fraud Hexagon element's role in fostering fraud. Findings highlight that pressure, opportunity, and collusion are primary drivers of fraud in politically connected sectors, with capability and rationalization further facilitating fraud, while ego emboldens managers to act without fear of repercussions. The Fraud Hexagon provides a nuanced framework for risk assessment, prompting recommendations for stronger internal controls and ethical standards. It also serves as a valuable diagnostic tool for auditors and regulators, particularly in politically sensitive sectors. This study contributes to understanding the social and psychological dimensions of financial fraud and offers a foundation for future cross-industry research.

Budget participation and financial information asymmetry: Behavior of budget users and financial report fraud

Financial statement fraud is a problem often faced by organizations that can reduce their performance. An organization that successfully achieves its goals must be aware of information asymmetry and the need for moral justice in managing its finances. The research population comprises employees of the finance, planning, reporting, and budget preparation sections of the Gowa Regency regional performance unit. This research selected a saturated sample of 76 employees from the total population. The results show that participatory budgeting has a significant effect on financial report fraud and that information asymmetry has a substantial influence on financial statement fraud. The research results show that moral justice moderates the effect of participatory budgeting on financial report fraud. Moral justice cannot moderate the influence of information asymmetry on financial statement fraud. Employees must still have good moral justice in participatory budgeting to minimize the possibility of fraudulent financial reports. It is hoped that the findings of this research will enable organizations to create innovative information facilities to reduce information asymmetry so that organizational performance can be achieved.

The Influence of Pentagon Fraud on Fraudulent Financial Reporting in Companies Registered on the IDX BUMN20 Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 Period

Financial Statement Fraud is fraud or manipulation of a company's financial statements to show the best condition of the company so that investors are interested and/or retain the funds owned by the company. This research is intended to analyze the influence of the factors in the fraud Pentagon theory on fraudulent financial reports in companies listed on IDX BUMN20 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period. The proxy variables used in this research are Pressure proxied by Financial Target and External Pressure, Opportunity proxied by Ineffective Monitoring, Rationalization proxied by Change of Auditor, Competence proxied by Change of Director, and Arrogance proxied by Frequent Number of CEO's Picture and Fraudulent financial reporting measured by F-Score. The data used in this research is secondary data obtained from the annual reports of companies listed on IDX BUMN20 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period. The number of samples used was 18 samples from companies selected through the purposive sampling technique. The data analysis used in this research is logistic regression analysis. The research results show that the partial test results do not influence each of the independent variables, namely financial target, external pressure, ineffective morning, change of auditor, change of directors, and frequent number of CEO's pictures on fraudulent financial reporting, but the simultaneous test results show that there is an influence the entire independent variable to the dependent variable is fraudulent financial reporting.

Detecting Financial Statement Fraud Using the Hexagon Fraud Theory Approach in Financial Sector Companies

Good companies do not commit fraud and provide accurate and relevant information. Therefore, financial reports must be made as well as possible in order to provide accu-rate information to its users. This research is quantitative in nature to analyze the influence of the Fraud Hexagon Theory which is proxied by sixteen variables, consist-ing of four variables from the stimulus element (financial targets, external pressure, financial stability, personal financial needs), three variables from the opportunity ele-ment (supervision ineffectiveness, auditor quality and nature of the industry), two variables from the rationalization element (auditor turnover and value accruals), two variables from the capability element (director turnover and CEO education), two variables from the ego element (CEO duality and the number of CEO photos in the annual report), and three variables from collusion elements (political connections, audit fees and collaboration with government projects) on fraudulent financial statements. This research uses secondary data with purposive sampling. In 2019-2022, there are 63 financial sector companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The results of this research prove that financial targets, financial stability, supervisory ineffective-ness, nature of industry and CEO duality influence financial report fraud.

Audit Committee Characteristics and Fraudulent Financial Reporting

Audit Committee Characteristics and Fraudulent Financial Reporting

Analisis Fraud Pentagon terhadap Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada Tahun 2011-2020)

This research aims to detect fraudulent financial reports using the fraud pentagon. The research uses elements in the form of financial targets, financial instability, number of independent commissioners, special party receivable transactions, special party debt transactions, special party sales transactions, special party purchase transactions, change of auditors, change of directors, and number of CEO photos. The sample in this research is 108 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2011-2020 period which were selected using a purposive sampling method. The sample companies in this study consisted of 54 fraud companies and 54 non-fraud companies. In testing the hypothesis using logistic regression analysis using the SPSS test tool. The results of this research show that financial targets and financial instability are not the driving factors for management to commit financial statement fraud, receivables transactions with privileged parties are a driving factor for fraud, but this is not the case for debt, sales and purchase transactions with privileged parties. Likewise, changing auditors in a particular financial year is also a driving factor for fraud, but not changing directors. Finally, the number of directors' photos in the annual report is not a driving factor in financial statement fraud.

Pengujian Hexagon Fraud Theory dalam Mendeteksi Fraudulent Laporan Keuangan

This research aims to test the fraud hexagon component for the possibility of fraudulent financial reports. The research population uses companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a sample of 32 banking issuers. The research results show that only the change in director variable has a positive influence on fraudulent financial reports. The financial stability variable, the external auditor quality variable, the change of auditor variable, the CEO's picture variable, the project variable with the government are not proven to have an effect on fraudulent financial reports.

Fraud Hexagon Analysis in Detecting Financial Statement Fraud with Corporate Governance as a Moderating Variable

The purpose of this research is to study the influence of the fraud hexagon on financial report fraud in insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2022, incorporating corporate governance as a moderating factor. In this study, the fraud hexagon serves as the independent variable, while financial report fraud is the dependent variable. The data analysis method used is multiple regression. The research findings indicate that the variables of external pressure and ineffective monitoring have a positive influence on financial report fraud. Conversely, the variables of total accruals, CEO education, CEO duality, and political connections show a negative influence on financial report fraud. Corporate governance, as a moderating variable, is found to moderate only the relationship between external pressure and CEO duality on financial report fraud.

Pengaruh Stabilitas Keuangan dan Target Keuangan terhadap Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan

This research aims to analyze the effect of financial stability on fraudulent financial reports in food and beverage companies and financial targets on fraudulent financial reports in food and beverage companies listed on the BEI (Indonesian Stock Exchange). This type of research uses quantitative data, secondary data sources in the form of company financial reports. The number of samples for this research was 20 companies, the sample collection technique used a purposive sampling method. The research data collection method uses documentation methods obtained from the official website www.idx.co.id and the official website of food and beverage sub-sector companies. This research is new in the year of research and research objects used. The analysis technique used is multiple regression test, t test, and coefficient of determination test using SPSS software. The research results show that financial stability has no significant effect on fraudulent financial reports in food and beverage companies, and financial targets have a significant effect on fraudulent financial reports in food and beverage companies. The limitation of this research is that it only uses two independent variables and this research uses a small sample size, namely 64 samples. Suggestions for future researchers are that they can add other independent variables that could possibly influence financial report fraud and that future researchers can choose research samples from industrial sectors other than food and beverage.

Deteksi Penipuan: Menganalisis Fraud Hexagon untuk Mendeteksi Fraud dengan Komite Audit sebagai Variabel Moderasi

The aim of this research was to examine the impact of Pressure, Capability, Opportunity, Collusion, Rationalization, and Arrogance on Financial Report Fraud, with the Audit Committee serving as a moderating variable. The study utilized library research and documentation techniques for data collection, focusing on a sample of 54 real estate sector companies listed on the IDX from 2020 to 2022. Regression Analysis was employed to analyze the data, which was secondary in nature. The findings reveal the significant influence of Pressure, Opportunity, and Collusion on Financial Report Fraud, while Capability, Rationalization, and Arrogance did not exhibit a significant effect. Additionally, the Audit Committee as a moderating variable did not significantly impact the relationships between the Fraud Hexagon factors and Financial Report Fraud. These results offer new insights into the role of the Audit Committee in fraud prevention and the application of the Fraud Hexagon model in detecting financial report fraud. The study suggests further research to explore the interactions between these factors and the effectiveness of audit committees in mitigating fraud.

Examining the ability of big data analytics to investigate financial reporting quality: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis

Purpose This study aims to examine the ability of big data analytics (BDA) to investigate financial reporting quality (FRQ), identify the knowledge base and conceptual structure of this research field and explore BDA techniques used over time. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a comprehensive bibliometric analysis approach (performance analysis and science mapping) using software packages, including Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. Multiple analyses are conducted, including authors, sources, keywords, co-citations, thematic evolution and trend topic analysis. Findings This study reveals that the intellectual structure of using BDA in investigating FRQ encompasses three clusters. These clusters include applying data mining to detect financial reporting fraud (FRF), using machine learning (ML) to examine FRQ and detecting earnings management as a measure of FRQ. Additionally, the results demonstrate that ML and DM algorithms are the most effective techniques for investigating FRQ by providing various prediction and detection models of FRF and EM. Moreover, BDA offers text mining techniques to detect managerial fraud in narrative reports. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence, deep learning and ML are currently trending methods and are expected to continue in the coming years. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the use of BDA in investigating FRQ.

Can the Fraud Hexagon Components Detect Fraudulent Financial Reporting?

Accounting information in financial statements is very important for users of financial statements when deciding. Management tries to make these financial statements perform well. Opportunistically, managers can manipulate financial statements to make them look good, which encourages companies to commit fraud on financial statements. This study uses the Fraud Hexagon component to examine the factors that influence financial statement fraud. Fraud hexagon theory is the latest six-dimensional fraud component developed by Vousinas by adding aspects of collusion. Sample selection is based on the purposive sampling method. The analysis method used in this research is panel data logistic regression analysis through the Eviews 10 application. The results showed that opportunity, rationalization, and capability did not affect financial statement fraud. The other three components of the fraud hexagon, namely pressure, arrogance, and conspiracy, significantly affect financial statement fraud.

Detecting Fraudulent Financial Reporting The Construction Sector In Indonesia: Fraud Triangle

The category of fraud that has the largest number of losses is financial statement fraud. Apart from being financially detrimental to a company, fraudulent financial reports can also threaten the company's sustainability. Examining the influence of financial targets, financial stability, external pressure, industry nature and rationalization on financial report fraud (F-Score) in construction sector companies in Indonesia is the aim of this research. This research is quantitative, with secondary data types. The number of samples used was 83 from the total construction sector companies. The research results show that financial stability has a positive effect, while financial targets, external pressure, nature of industry and rationalization have a negative and insignificant effect on fraudulent financial reporting.

The Influence of Diamond Fraud, Audit Committee and Leverage on Financial Report Fraud

This research aims to explain the influence of fraud diamonds, audit committees and leverage on fraudulent financial reports in financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019-2022 period. This research uses 144 companies as samples which have been selected using purposive sampling techniques. The data used is secondary data obtained from financial reports. The data obtained was processed using logistic regression analysis techniques with the help of the EViews 10 software application. The results of this research show that fraud diamonds have no effect on financial report fraud, while audit committees have a negative effect and leverage has a positive effect on the practice of financial report fraud in Indonesia. The results of this research indicate that an optimal audit committee will minimize the occurrence of fraud in the company's financial reports.

Analysis of Fraud Hexagon Theory on Fraudulent Financial Reporting Based on The Role of Intellectual Capital As A Mediator That is Influenced by Earnings Management Practices

Fraudulent financial reporting is a serious problem faced by companies throughout the world. This fraud can have fatal consequences for the company, such as loss of investor confidence, decline in share value, and even bankruptcy. There are various theories that can be used to analyze financial statement fraud, one of which is the fraud hexagon theory. This research aims to analyze the fraud hexagon theory of fraudulent financial reporting based on the role of intellectual capital as a mediator which is influenced by earnings management practices. In this study, researchers used qualitative methods with data collection techniques through literature studies. The data collected was analyzed through three steps, which included data reduction, data presentation, and making conclusions. The findings in the study show that the Fraud Hexagon theory provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the factors that encourage fraudulent financial reporting by including six key elements: pressure, opportunity, rationalization, competence, arrogance and collusion. In this context, earnings management practices are often the main trigger. The pressure experienced by management to meet financial targets can encourage them to carry out earnings management, which in turn increases the risk of fraudulent financial reporting. Opportunities for fraud often exist due to weaknesses in internal controls, which allow manipulation of financial data without detection.

Analysis of Bankruptcy Risk during the Pandemic on the Tendency of Financial Report Fraud through Profit Manipulation

This research aims to find empirical evidence of the link between bankruptcy risk and the tendency for fraud in financial reports through earnings manipulation during the pandemic. The measurement of the bankruptcy risk variable in this study uses the Z-Score because this model can be used by all types of companies, the earnings manipulation variable is measured using the Conditional Revenue Model because this model is better able to detect earnings management than previous measurement models, and the measurement of financial statement fraud variables in This research uses the F-Score Model because this model has higher sensitivity in detecting fraud. The results of this research found that during the pandemic, the risk of bankruptcy influenced the tendency for fraudulent financial reports through profit manipulation.

Influence of Fraud Hexagon on Fraudulent Financial Reports within State-Owned Companies Listed on the IDX in 2019-2023

Influence of Fraud Hexagon on Fraudulent Financial Reports within State-Owned Companies Listed on the IDX in 2019-2023

Determination of the Fraud Hexagon on the Tendency of Fraudulent Financial Reporting in the Provinces of Indonesia

Determination of the Fraud Hexagon on the Tendency of Fraudulent Financial Reporting in the Provinces of Indonesia

The Influence of Diamond Fraud, Audit Committee and Leverage on Financial Report Fraud

The Influence of Diamond Fraud, Audit Committee and Leverage on Financial Report Fraud

Pengaruh Corporate Governance terhadap Kemungkinan Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan: Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan BUMN Tahun 2018-2021

This research aims to determine the influence of corporate governance on the possibility of fraudulent financial reports in state-owned companies in 2018-2021. This type of research is causative research with a quantitative approach. This type of research data uses secondary data. Secondary data was obtained from the official website of BUMN companies. The sample used in this research was 26 companies with data for 2018,2019, 2020 and 2021. The sample in this research was 21 companies. Researchers used logistic regression analysis. The results of this research indicate that managerial ownership, board of commissioners, audit committee and institutional ownership have no effect on the possibility of financial statement fraud.