Framing Tasks Research Articles

Pointing out learning opportunities reduces overparenting.

Overparenting-taking over and completing developmentally appropriate tasks for children-is pervasive and hurts children's motivation. Can overparenting in early childhood be reduced by simply framing tasks as learning opportunities? In Study 1 (N = 77; 62% female; 74% White; collected 4/2022), US parents of 4-to-5-year-olds reported taking over less on tasks they perceived as greater learning opportunities, which was most often the case on academic tasks. Studies 2 and 3 (N = 140; 67% female; 52% White; collected 7/2022-9/2023) showed that framing the everyday, non-academic task of getting dressed as a learning opportunity-whether big or small-reduced parents' taking over by nearly half (r = -.39). These findings suggest that highlighting learning opportunities helps parents give children more autonomy.

Multimodal Sensemaking and Sensegiving Processes of Discursive Threat Appraisal in Environmental Crisis Communication

ABSTRACTThis study investigates how multimodal sensemaking and sensegiving processes of discursive threat appraisal are employed by global movements in their environmental crisis communication when disclosing how corporate commitments are failing to reduce the global plastic pollution. The theoretical framework includes perspectives on global sticky crises, threat appraisal, framing, crisis sensemaking and sensegiving, and multimodal discourse. Empirically, a series of brand audits reports of #breakfreefromplastic global movement are systematically examined. The analytical focus transcends the usual monomodal approach and is directed towards the multimodal interplay that builds strategic discourses through images and texts. Findings details, on the one hand, the multimodal discursive sensemaking processes of content enrichment and appeal bolstering as well as their outcomes related to the building of common sense, new sense, and non‐sense; on the other hand, they clarify how prognostic, diagnostic, and motivational framing tasks are accomplished in environmental crisis sensegiving by the global movement. This study provides insights useful to corporations when reevaluating their own crisis sensemaking and sensegiving in corporate communications and, ultimately, contribute to changing risky corporate behaviour toward more effective and ethical environmental crisis prevention and communication.

Развитие теории и принципов планирования многономенклатурных технологических процессов механообработки и сборки

Instructional guidelines for planning a multiproduct manufacturing activity (MA) for machining and assembly aimed at solving currently existing problems of machining industries process design, i.e. subjectivity of making design decisions, insufficient automation, and inability of the observing of current production situation are presented. The objective reasons for the need to improve approaches to the development of MA are the long cycle of the process design period, the low quality of the processes operation, and the impossibility to adjust MA at the implementation stage. The main structural elements of multiproduct manufacturing activity planning are described. Based on a systematic approach, all stages of work on technological support of production systems are combined, making possible to use the information arrays of data on the real state of the production system and operational information on production tasks in a short time frame. The results of theoretical work provide for the process of making MA as a system that combines the design and implementation of technology, taking into account the impact of changes in the production situation. In the process of approbation and use of the presented methodological approaches, significant areas of research were identified, smoothing away difficulties connected with the performance targets, enabling the development path of the system. Among them: the interaction with the design preparation of production; detailing data on the initial workpieces in connection with the choice of the MA structure and the appointment of a rational set of technological equipment; determining the requirements for technological equipment, focused on ensuring the flexibility of their use; determining the correlations between the multiple-path design of parts manufacturing process and the requirements for accuracy indicators in the assembly of products. The developed formalized models for the implementation of the stages of technological preparation of machining industries are a background for full automation of MA design and highly efficient functionality of machine-building complexes.

Epidemic in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: News media framing of the MMR vaccination controversy in Serbia

Rising vaccine hesitancy is often related to negative vaccination media coverage. It is generally accepted that the media played a great role in spreading the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) childhood vaccination scare first in the UK and then worldwide. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the MMR vaccination rate dropped further in some countries. This paper examines the Serbian news media framing of the MMR vaccination controversy in the period 2019–2023 (periods of declining MMR vaccination rate, rising COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and the 2023 measles outbreaks). Furthermore, the paper questions whether the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the MMR vaccine narrative in the newspapers. For this reason, quality content analysis of the press in combination with framing approaches (diagnostic–prognostic–motivational framing tasks and responsibility framing) were used. In total, 122 articles dealing with the MMR vaccine and measles epidemics were analysed. According to the press, the most significant cause of the declining MMR rate is anti-vaccination campaigns and conspiracy theories by the “anti-vax lobby” (diagnostic frames). The pandemic was the other significant cause for the intake drop. Achieving herd immunity through vaccine uptake is offered as the best solution (prognostic frames). Finally, MMR vaccination campaigns and penalties for non-compliant parents and vaccine refusers are proposed as calls to action (motivational frames). During this period, the press did not publish any “sensational anti-vax stories”. Considering the low MMR vaccine numbers in Serbia in this period, positive media messages did not have a significant influence on improving the vaccination rate. Thus, I suggest that Serbian parents distrust vaccination information presented by the dominant news, including the advice of health experts.

The United Kingdom’s Rejoin movement: A post-Brexit analysis of framing strategies

Within the growing body of work on post-Brexit politics, there is a notable absence of research on pro-European activism. Although anti-Brexit activism received attention in the aftermath of the 2016 referendum, its development following the UK’s departure from the EU remains underexplored. This article addresses this gap by using discourse network analysis to examine posts authored by National Rejoin March speakers and organisers on X (formerly Twitter). Analysing the framing strategies of the post-2020 Rejoin movement, the article delineates existing conceptualisations of diagnostic and prognostic framing tasks by focusing on four key components: grievances, perpetrators, solutions, and strategy. The findings reflect the Rejoin movement’s emergence from the anti-Brexit movement, now advocating for EU membership in a post-Brexit context. Although economic grievances and anti-Conservative sentiment continue to dominate the movement’s framing, Rejoin placed a greater emphasis on solutions offered by the EU. Despite this, the movement displayed a lack of coherence in addressing key issues including free movement and democracy, both of which had been problematic for previous pro-European campaigns. This lack of coherence underscores the ongoing challenges in crafting a unified and compelling pro-European narrative within an evolving post-Brexit political landscape.

The Framing of Minority Threat and Moralization to Criminalize Behavior: The Case of Cannabis in the Early 20th Century

Abstract Understanding why particular behavior is encoded in law or other systems of rules has been a core topic of sociology since its inception. Although differing rhetorical frames have been identified in policy debates, little research directly links such rhetoric and policy passage. Centering framing theory, we use the case of U.S. cannabis criminalization via mixed-methods content analyses of 9,707 nationwide newspaper articles and event history analysis of state-level criminalization to make several contributions. First, we go beyond describing rhetorical frames, demonstrating that core framing tasks were associated with spatial and temporal state-level cannabis law passage. Second, we emphasize that consolidation of two “master frames,” legal and racial, are particularly pertinent to criminalization and permit incorporation of rhetorical minority threat into framing. Third, an overreliance on population-based minority threat exists in the literature; however, threat can operate absent minority groups. While demonstrating the effect of vilification of Mexican people, we show that a heterogeneous “othering” of cannabis, by attaching threat to numerous minority groups, was significant for cannabis criminalization, regardless of minority groups’ actual presence. In addition to interrogating longstanding assumptions regarding cannabis criminalization, our analyses demonstrate the importance of framing and rhetorical racial threat in the social construction of law.

Compare the Effectiveness of Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) versus Checklist in Demonstration of Antenatal Abdominal Examination among Final Year G.N.M. students.

The OSCE is an approach to the assessment of clinical competence in which the components of competence are assessed in a planned or structured way with attention being paid to the objectivity of the evaluation” Harden, 1988 .The Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) is a performance- based exam. During the exam, trainees are observed and evaluated as theygo through a series of stations where they interview, examine and treat standardized patients presenting with some type of problem. An OSCE is: • Objectivity, because examiners use a checklist for evaluating the trainees. • Structured, because every trainee sees the same problem and performs same tasks in the same time frame. • Clinical based, because the tasks are representative of those faced in real clinical situations • An evaluation method II – Materials and Methods Comparative research design was used with group I & group II to assess the effectiveness of objective structured clinical evaluation (OSCE) versus checklist in demonstration of antenatal abdominal examination among final year G.N.M students. The study conducted on 30 samples in each group. Data was collected using Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation and checklist for assessing performance of G.N.M final year students on abdominal examination. III – Results The overall mean and S.D. of OSCE was 11.03 with a percentage mean of 91.39% and 16.59 whereas the overall mean and S.D. of Checklist was 55.73 with a percentage mean of 79.62% and 11.24. The calculated ‘t’ value was higher than the table value (t58 = , P< 0.01). Hence, the null hypothesis was rejected and research hypothesis was accepted and it was inferred that in the present study there was significant difference between the effectiveness of demonstration on antenatal abdominal examination during pregnancy assessed by Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) & checklist among G.N.M final year students. Comparing the mean percentage of OSCE and Checklist 91.39% and 79.62%, it is inferred that the mean percentage of OSCE i.e. 91.39% is higher than the mean percentage of Checklist i.e. 79.62%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the OSCE is more effective than the checklist for evaluating the demonstration of abdominal examination during pregnancy. IV – Conclusion This study concluded that in comparison to, OSCE was found to be a more effective assessment tool than traditional method checklist. Use of OSCE as formative tool will help in modifying teaching- learning strategies so that both, the teachers as well as the students can derive maximum benefit

Highly logical and non-emotional decisions in both risky and social contexts: understanding decision making in autism spectrum disorder through computational modeling.

In risky contexts, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) individuals exhibit more logical consistency and non-emotional decisions than do typical adults (TAs). This way of deciding could be also prevailing in social contexts, leading to maladaptive decisions. This evidence is scarce and inconsistent, and further research is needed. Recent developments in computational modeling allow analysis of decisional subcomponents that could provide valuable information to understand the decision-making and help address inconsistencies. Twenty-seven individuals with ASD and 25 TAs were submitted to a framing-task and the ultimatum game (UG). The Rescorla-Wagner computational model was used to analyze UG decisions. Results showed that in the UG, the ASD group exhibited a higher utilitarianism, characterized by lower aversion to unfairness and higher acceptance of offers. Moreover, this way of deciding was predicted by the higher economic rationality found in the framing task, where people with ASD did not manifest emotional biases such as framing effect. These results could suggest an atypical decision making, highly logical and non-emotional, as a robust feature of ASD.

Watching (natural) beauty boosts task performance: testing the nature-as-reward hypothesis.

In two online studies, we tested the "nature-as-reward hypothesis", which suggests that superior cognitive task performance following nature exposure reflects a general performance improvement, driven by the reward value of beautiful things. In both between-subjects experiments, participants viewed either beautiful or less beautiful images for 10s, comprising beautiful mountain photos (vs. less beautiful mountain drawings) in Study 1 and beautiful fractals (vs. less beautiful pixelated images) in Study 2. Following image exposure, participants engaged in a ticking task requiring them to freely tick up to 200 boxes. Participants had to complete four (Study 1) or five (Study 2) of such ticking tasks, with each task being preceded by either a beautiful or less beautiful image. In Study 1, for a subset of participants the ticking task was framed as a game. We found that in Study 1, ticking declined over the ticking rounds when participants had viewed less beautiful line drawings of mountains, while ticking performance remained unchanged over the rounds after seeing beautiful mountain images. However, when the ticking task was framed as a game, there was no significant difference in ticking performance between the two beauty conditions over the four ticking rounds. In Study 2, participants ticked more boxes over all ticking rounds after viewing images of beautiful fractals compared to less beautiful pixelated images. In line with the nature-as-reward hypothesis, these findings show that brief exposures to beautiful (nature) images can motivate to work and that framing tasks as a game can attenuate this beauty advantage.

The beneficial effects of concept definition and interactive imagery tasks on associative memory: Evidence from event-related potentials

It is widely accepted that familiarity can support associative memory when the to-be-remember items are unitized into a new representation. However, there has been relatively little attention devoted to investigating the effects of different unitization manipulations on associative memory. The present study aimed to address this gap by examining the effects of varying levels of unitization through three tasks: Concept definition, interactive imagery, and sentence frame tasks. The behavioral results revealed that associative memory was significantly enhanced in the interactive imagery task compared to the sentence frame task. However, no significant differences were found between the sentence frame and concept definition tasks, or between the concept definition and interactive imagery tasks. In terms of the neural correlates, the event-related potential (ERP) results revealed that the sentence frame task only elicited a significant recollection-related LPC old/new effect, while the concept definition task only elicited a significant familiarity-related FN400 old/new effect. However, the interactive representation task elicited both of these distinct effects. These findings suggest that both the concept definition and interactive imagery tasks can enhance familiarity for supporting associative memory, but their beneficial effects on associative memory or LPC old/new effects may be different.

Digital Activism Masked―The Fridays for Future Movement and the “Global Day of Climate Action”: Testing Social Function and Framing Typologies of Claims on Twitter

This article analyzed the Fridays for Future (FFF) movement and its online mobilization around the Global Day of Climate Action on 25 September 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this event is a unique opportunity to study digital activism as marchers were considered not appropriate. Using Twitter’s API with keywords “#climateStrike”, and “#FridaysForFuture”, we collected 111,844 unique tweets and retweets from 47,892 unique users. We used two typologies based on social media activism and framing literature to understand the main function of tweets (information opinion, mobilization, and blame) and their framing (diagnosis, prognosis, and motivational). We also analyzed its relationship and tested its automated classification potential. To do so we manually coded a randomly selected sample of 950 tweets that were used as input for the automated classification process (SVM algorithm with balancing classification techniques). We found that the automated classification of the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to not increase the mobilization function of tweets, as the frequencies of mobilization tweets were low. We also found a balanced diversity of framing tasks, with an important number of tweets that envisaged solutions to legislation and policy changes. COVID-related tweets were less frequently prognostically framed. We found that both typologies were not independent. Tweets with a blaming function tended to be framed in a prognostic way and therefore were related to possible solutions. The automated data classification model performed well, especially across social function typology and the “other” category. This indicated that these tools could help researchers working with social media data to process the information across categories that are currently mainly processed manually.

Advancements in combining electronic animal identification and augmented reality technologies in digital livestock farming

Modern livestock farm technologies allow operators to have access to a multitude of data thanks to the high number of mobile and fixed sensors available on both the livestock farming machinery and the animals. These data can be consulted via PC, tablet, and smartphone, which must be handheld by the operators, leading to an increase in the time needed for on-field activities. In this scenario, the use of augmented reality smart glasses could allow the visualization of data directly in the field, providing for a hands-free environment for the operator to work. Nevertheless, to visualize specific animal information, a connection between the augmented reality smart glasses and electronic animal identification is needed. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop and test a wearable framework, called SmartGlove that is able to link RFID animal tags and augmented reality smart glasses via a Bluetooth connection, allowing the visualization of specific animal data directly in the field. Moreover, another objective of the study was to compare different levels of augmented reality technologies (assisted reality vs. mixed reality) to assess the most suitable solution for livestock management scenarios. For this reason, the developed framework and the related augmented reality smart glasses applications were tested in the laboratory and in the field. Furthermore, the stakeholders’ point of view was analyzed using two standard questionnaires, the NASA-Task Load Index and the IBM-Post Study System Usability Questionnaire. The outcomes of the laboratory tests underlined promising results regarding the operating performances of the developed framework, showing no significant differences if compared to a commercial RFID reader. During the on-field trial, all the tested systems were capable of performing the task in a short time frame. Furthermore, the operators underlined the advantages of using the SmartGlove system coupled with the augmented reality smart glasses for the direct on-field visualization of animal data.

In-group and out-group identity construction in extremist discourse: a critical multimodal approach

ABSTRACT ISIS has seemingly been successful in mobilizing advocates from heterogenous backgrounds. Such diversity is symptomatic of the organization’s heavy investment in strategic messaging and identity construction to gain legitimacy. This study examined the multimodal discursive properties of ISIS’s narrative in its communique, Dabiq. It undertook a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis of the representation of in-group and out-group actors implementing Van Leeuwen’s socio-semantic inventory. The results showed that the in-group members are deliberately specified, hence foregrounded, and at the same time, the diversity among them is highlighted as an inseparable hallmark of ISIS’s movement. Therefore, no racial, geographical, or cultural line was drawn apropos its participants to ensure more inclusion. Conversely, the perceived enemies are framed as diverse yet homogeneous entities textually through generic references and addressing them collectively regardless of their potential dissimilarities and visually by categorizing them through religiously, culturally, or nationally distinguishable features. It acts as a legitimation tactic by which striking against one enemy justifies striking against others. The combination of these strategic multimodal framing tasks serves as a propaganda tool for ISIS to intensify polarisation, enhance in-group participation, and ultimately facilitate mobilization.

Enhancing safety in human–robot collaboration through immersive technology: a framework for panel framing task in industrialized construction

Enhancing safety in human–robot collaboration through immersive technology: a framework for panel framing task in industrialized construction

Interference between items stored for distinct tasks in visual working memory.

The action perspective on working memory suggests that memory representations are coded according to their specific temporal and behavioral task demands. This stands in contrast to theories that assume representations are stored in a task-agnostic format within a "common workspace". Here, we tested whether visual items that are memorized for different tasks are stored separately from one another or show evidence of inter-item interference during concurrent maintenance, indicating a common storage. In two experiments, we combined a framing memory task (memorize a motion direction for continuous direction report) with an embedded memory task (memorize a motion direction for a binary direction discrimination) that was placed within the retention period of the framing task. Even though the temporal and action demands were item specific, we observed two types of interference effects between the items: The embedded motion direction was (1) repulsed away and (2) degraded in precision by the motion direction of the item in the framing task. Repulsion and precision degradation increased with item similarity when both items were concurrently held in working memory. In contrast, perceptual and iconic memory control conditions revealed weaker repulsionoverall and no interference effect on precision during the stimulus processing stages prior to working memory consolidation. Thus, additional inter-item interference arose uniquely within working memory. Together, our results present evidence that items that are stored for distinct tasks to be performed at distinct points in time, reside in a common workspace in working memory.

Speakers’ Choice of Frame Reveals Little About Their Trait Emotions but More About Their Preferences and Risk Perception

People’s decisions depend on how situations are described or framed to them. But how do speakers frame outcomes to others? What factors predict whether a speaker chooses to frame an investment opportunity in terms of its chances of failure or success? Drawing on the appraisal tendency framework, we investigated whether emotions associated with uncertainty (worry) might increase speakers’ preference for negative framing, whereas emotions associated with certainty (anger) might increase speakers’ preference for positive framing. Across two well-powered preregistered studies (NTotal = 1,350), participants responded to measures of dispositional worry and anger and completed framing tasks in different contexts. We told participants that a job applicant/investment in a medical treatment had an estimated chance of failure vs success (e.g., 40% chance of failure and 60% chance of success) and asked them whether they would describe the predicted outcome to their manager in terms of chances of failure or chances of success. Overall, we found little evidence for our hypothesized influence of dispositional worry and anger on framing using our preregistered analysis. However, exploratory analyses revealed that the predicted associations appeared when participants perceived high levels of risk in the decision scenarios. A stronger effect on frame preference was found for risk perception and willingness to recommend a decision, indicating that frames reveal more about such idiosyncratic responses than about emotional traits. Preregistrations, data, code, and materials can be found at https://osf.io/3e98a/.

Robotics in industrialized construction: an activity-based ranking system for assembly manufacturing tasks

PurposeDespite the proven evidence of ever-growing productivity gains in the manufacturing industry as a result of years of research and investment in advanced technologies, such as robotics, the adoption of robots in construction is still lagging. The existing literature lacks technical frameworks and guidelines that account for the one-of-a-kind nature of construction projects and the myriad of materials and dimensional components in construction activities. This study seeks to address existing technical uncertainty and productivity issues associated with the application of robotics in the assembly-type manufacturing of industrialized construction.Design/methodology/approachTo facilitate the selection of suitable robotic arms for industrialized construction activities, primarily assembly-type manufacturing tasks of offsite production processes, an activity-based ranking system based on axiomatic design principles is proposed. The proposed ranking system utilizes five functional requirements derived from robot characteristics—speed, payload, reach, degrees of freedom and position repeatability—to evaluate robot performance in an industrialized construction task using simulations of a framing station.FindingsBased on design parameters obtained from activity-based simulations, seventy six robotic arms suitable for the framing task were scored and ranked. According to the sensitivity analysis of proposed functional requirements, speed is the key functional requirement that has a notable effect on productivity of a framing station and is thus the determinant in robot performance assessment for framing tasks.Originality/valueThe proposed ranking system is expected to augment automation in construction and serve as a preliminary guideline to help construction professionals in making informed decisions regarding the adoption of robotic arms.

Group decision-making on risky choice in adolescents and young adults.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-04027-5.

Re-assessing the role of culture on the visual orientation perception of the rod and frame test.

In recent research of culture and ethnicity in visual perception, some researchers have found support for the hypothesis that more collectivistic cultures tend to be more influenced by surrounding contextual visual information than more individualistic cultures. This hypothesis suggests that even low-level visual perception may not be universal and has great implications on how vision research should be conducted. The current study reexamines this hypothesis in the rod and frame task, which tests the influence of a tilted contextual frame on orientation perception of the rod. We found no difference between participants of East Asian and Western European descent in this task. Despite not finding the cultural effect, we found a well-reported gender effect in which women were more influenced by the tilt of the frame than men, helping to ensure the quality of the data collected. Our results suggest that contextual influence on visual perception does not affect East Asians and white Western Europeans differently.

Improvement of Tobacco Collection Line and Storage Logistics System

To innovate the traditional cigarette collection mode of manual unloading, open stacking and lower informatization, adopt the new cigarette packaging frame system and storage logistics system of the flue-cured tobacco. Take advantage of lifting platform, slope conveyor, roller conveyor, belt conveyor, automatic sampling device, shaping and framing device, palletizer, electric forklift, tobacco frame, assemble them to finish ten production line. After actual production, ten production lines running can complete the unloading and framing task of five cigarette trucks at the same time, another five trucks make preparation for the next mission. 3200 loads can be unloaded in an average of one hour. According to the design capacity, the unloading efficiency of one line is increased by about 20% year-on-year, rate of tobacco crushing is decreased by about 0.165%. The new tobacco collection and storage logistics system model can reduce tobacco crushing effectively, improve the efficiency of tobacco industry commerce handover and information data’s utilize.