Frame Material Research Articles

Research evaluation of some properties of HDX-24 porous metal mechanical frame material

This paper introduces the results of the research on the fabrication of HDX-24 porous metal-mechanical framework material using 4,4'-Bipyridine-2,6,2',6'-tetracarboxylic acid (H4L). The properties of post-fabrication materials are studied through a number of modern research methods such as Scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), BET-specific surface area determination, TGA thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray energy scattering spectroscopy (EDS), etc. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results show that HDX-24 material has a specific surface area-BET of 239.06 m2/g, the adsorption capacity of the material reaches 5.2 mmol/g, the particle size reaches 75-78 mm, and the pore volume is 0.202 cm3/g.

A Case Study on Integrating an Eco-Design Tool into the Construction Decision-Making Process

To enhance the sustainability of construction and meet the sector’s environmental agenda, it is essential to comprehensively scrutinize the environmental, social, and economic impacts of construction projects from the project’s design stage. Such assessment is of utmost importance to minimize the impacts of both new construction and rehabilitation projects and is particularly critical during the selection of building materials and construction solutions. This work reports improvements in functionality and user-friendliness of an eco-design tool (UAveiroGreenBuilding) targeting the construction/rehabilitation sector and previously developed within our research group. The optimized version of the eco-design tool underwent validation through the assessment of competitive window frame materials (e.g., wood, PVC, and aluminum) for potential implementation in a rehabilitation project. Windows with PVC frames were identified as the preferred window configuration due to their superior environmental performance and favorable economic profile. Additionally, a digital communication interface was developed to connect the eco-design tool with building information modeling (BIM) projects, achieved through a routine integrated using a Dynamo application. Such successful integration not only streamlined and expedited the data transfer process by obviating the need for manual input but it also enabled the storage of environmental data throughout the life cycle of the project using a simple and reliable data storage protocol.

Experimental analysis of intumescence fireproofing coating on base material of substation frames

In order to improve the fire resistance of the substation frame, an intumescence fireproof coating for the base material (Q235 steel and stainless steel) of substation frame was developed in this paper. The experiments of pull-out test, fire resistance test and electron microscope scanning were carried out to observe the mechanical properties, fire resistance properties and microphysical and chemical properties of the fireproof coating or base material. The main conclusions are summarized as follows: The bond strength of the Q235 steel to the intumescence fireproof coating is 1.26 MPa, which is greater than that of stainless steel at 0.506 MPa. Moreover, the variations of backside temperature and internal temperature of specimens with fireproofing coating are apparently different from those for conditions without fireproofing coating. For conditions with fireproofing coating, the backside temperature and internal temperature of specimens increase in the initial stage, while after the fireproofing coating is expanded and the insulation layer is formed on the surface, the rise rate of the temperature decreases. The average thermal insulation efficiencies of Q235 carbon steel and stainless steel are 240.32 min and 223.22 min, while the average values of fire resistance limit are 250.8 min and 244.2 min, respectively. The expansion multiples of the fireproofing coating for the two materials after being heated are between 50 and 60. Furthermore, the pull-out test would cause certain damage to the fireproof coating on the surface of steel components, and the damage to the Q235 steel sample was greater than that to the stainless steel sample. At the same time, the fireproof coating would undergo chemical reactions leading to expansion when heated, resulting in a dense surface and porous structure inside, which could reduce heat transfer to a certain extent.

Porous Organic Frame Materials for Adsorption and Removal of Pesticide Contaminants: A Review

Porous Organic Frame Materials for Adsorption and Removal of Pesticide Contaminants: A Review

Preparation and ferroelectric properties of metal-organic frame lithium ion liquid crystal composites

ABSTRACT Two series of lithium ion liquid-crystalline composites (LCCs) containing metal-organic frame (MOF) materials were fabricated via a self-assembly process by use of poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) lithium polymers, a cholesteryl-based liquid-crystalline monomer with terminal sulphonic acid group, and Fe-MIL-53_NH2. The chemical structure, chiral smectic C mesophase and ferroelectric property of the LCCs were characterised by various instruments, and the effect of liquid crystal monomer and lithium polymers on the ferroelectric property were investigated. The cholesteryl-based liquid crystal monomer presents a dominant role in the ferroelectric property of the LCCs, in which the asymmetric carbon atoms are responsible for the spontaneous polarisation. For the LCCs, the mechanical properties and porous loading characteristics of liquid crystal polymer are improved by the MOF materials, and the lithium-ion polymer connects the liquid crystal monomer with the MOF by ionic bond and improves the polarity of the material. When the electric field changed from −10 V and 10 V, the maximum residual polarisation strength (Pr) of the LCCs reached 74.82 nC/cm2. Because the LCCs showed excellent ferroelectric and mechanical properties, it has some potentials of application in the field of ferroelectric materials.

Analisis kekuatan pembebanan frame mesin press hidrolik kapasitas 3 ton

This study examines the safety and stress factors to determine the maximum dynamic load that can be supported by the press machine frame. Dynamic loads occur due to the working mechanism of the press machine that presses the bearing. Stress analysis test simulation using the Solidwork 2020 computer program with the finite element method in the simulation test of the hydraulic press machine frame material structure with dynamic load treatment. The frame design model uses U-profile iron material UMP 50 with a thickness of 3-5mm with dimensions of 50 mm x 38 mm. The simulated variable load is 3000 kg. The simulation results show the yield strength of the material = 521.927 N / m² (Mpa) and the stress, displacement, strain values ​​at a load of 3000 kg = simulation Stress = 620.422 N / m² (Mpa), Displacement = 1.232mm, Strain = 0.001. The von Mises stress value is 29,500 N = 620.422N; 521.927 N = 1.88. The simulation results show that the hydraulic press machine frame design has a safety factor of 0.001 and can withstand dynamic loads of up to 3000 kg.

Strong Electron Coupling Effect of Prussian Blue Analogs Derived Ultrathin Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Wrapped Fe‐CoP for Enhanced Wide Spectrum Photocatalytic H2 Evolution

AbstractWith the advantages of large specific surface area and high porosity of general metal‐organic frame materials, russian blue analogs have broad application prospects in catalysis. In this work, a series of ultra‐thin N‐doped carbon coated Fe‐CoP (Fe‐CoP@NC) are prepared by phosphating Fe‐Co‐Co Prussian blue analogs (Fe‐Co‐Co PBA) in different degrees for the broad‐spectrum photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The results show that Fe‐CoP@NC‐3 has the highest photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 16.6 mmol h−1 g−1, which is 83 times greater than that of Fe‐Co‐Co PBA. The excellent stability of Fe‐CoP@NC‐3 is proved by cyclic experiments. The outstanding photocatalytic H2 production activity of Fe‐CoP@NC‐3 can be ascribed to the strong electron coupling effect between Fe‐CoP and N‐doped carbon layer. The photogenerated electrons of Fe‐CoP are transferred to the N‐doped carbon layer, which is electron transport mediator accelerating the electron transfer and synergetic improving the hydrogen evolution efficiency. This work provides an effective strategy for designing an ultra‐thin N‐doped carbon layer coated phosphide photocatalyst with strong electron coupling effect.

High-resolution parametric embodied impact configurator for PV and BIPV systems

To fully analyze the potential of PVs in achieving sustainable energy goals, careful consideration of the life cycle including the embodied impact is needed. Despite the existence of various life cycle inventories for PV modules, there remains a lack of structured and detailed data to enable easy comparison across different technology configurations. Such data is crucial for identifying the components with the highest environmental impact and further optimization. This data gap is an obstacle to informed decision-making processes when evaluating PV designs. The goal of this study is to develop a harmonized, modular database that captures the environmental impact of various PV systems in high resolution. It includes the selection of cell technology, electrical components, frame materials, and the location of production. The environmental assessment includes 14 impact categories. Additionally, a web-based configurator is available, allowing users to quickly estimate the environmental impact of custom PV panels. Through exhaustive sampling of different configurations, the study demonstrates that the Global Warming Potential of a PV panel can range from 10 to 380 kgCO2eq/sqm. The results of this study can support architects, engineers, and planners in estimating the embodied impact of the PV systems, leading to more informed and environmentally conscious design decisions.

Magnetic modification of cerium organic frame materials to improve the phosphorus adsorption performance: Modulating the valence state

Excessive phosphate levels in water bodies can lead to eutrophication, one of persistent environmental pollution problems. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention as a promising material for phosphorus removal due to their high capacity. However, there are challenges with solid-liquid separation necessitating magnetic modification solutions. The low adsorption capacity of magnetite (Fe3O4) for phosphates has a potential negative impact on magnetic composites. To explore solutions that enable magnetic modification without reducing the adsorption capacity, Ce-MOFs@Fe3O4 were successfully prepared. Experimental results showed an increase in adsorption capacity and removal rate post magnetic modification, with the phosphorus saturation adsorption capacity reaching 156.01 mg·g−1. Further investigations involving the adsorbent dosing, co-existence of ions, and stability tests were conducted to explore the practical applications. The results indicated that Ce-MOFs@Fe3O4 performed well across a wide pH range from 4 to 10 and exhibited excellent selectivity in the presence of SO42-, Cl-, and NO3-. Zeta potential, FT-IR, and XPS analysis revealed electrostatic attraction and ligand exchange as the main adsorption mechanisms. Ce (III) species played a crucial role in phosphate binding by forming insoluble CePO4. On the contrary, Ce (IV) is not helpful for phosphate removal due to insufficient coordination number. In this study, adding Fe3O4 during synthesis facilitated a substantial increase in Ce (III) content, which enhanced the phosphate adsorption capacity and imparted magnetic properties. Hence, the proposed preparation method could serve as a general magnetic strategy for Ce-based adsorbents, enhancing the phosphorus adsorption capacity.

Parametric Optimization of Structural Frame Design for High Payload Hexacopter

For drones, the use of which has been increasing recently for load carrying, lightweight drone frame design is significant for increased flight time and payload capacity. Drones are produced in different configurations with three, four or six rotors, and in different sizes depending on the purpose of use. While agility is more important in three and four rotor drone applications, six-rotor and relatively large-bodied drones are preferred in cases such as load carrying. When the body structure has to be large, lightening the design becomes very critical. Lightweight designs can be achieved by two commonly used methods for structural optimization: topology optimization and parametric optimization. Topology optimization is an advanced method that can significantly reduce weight but is expensive and time-consuming. Parametric optimization is a more practical approach for conventional manufacturing methods and was used in this study. This study aims to first simplifying the hexacopter frame model and defining key geometric parameters for mass-decreasing optimization. Finite element analysis simulations were used to evaluate the strength and deformation of the frame under various design scenarios. The results showed that parametric optimization successfully reduced the weight of the hexacopter frame while maintaining structural integrity. The maximum Von Mises stress was found as approximately one quarter of the yield strength of the frame material. The maximum total deformation was achieved below 0.3 mm, and deformation under 1 mm is considered safe in the literature. As a result, the optimized design offers a lighter drone structure in line with conventional manufacturing methods, providing better flight time and payload capacity while maintaining cost effectiveness. In future studies, comparisons can be made based on this study by performing weight optimizations suitable for current methods such as topology optimization or generative design. the cost factor and the availability of existing production lines should be taken into consideration when comparing the mentioned methods with parametric optimization.

Optimizing the Performance of Window Frames: A Comprehensive Review of Materials in China

As the construction industry places increasing emphasis on environmental conservation and sustainability, this trend has spurred profound research into the optimization of door and window performance. One of the critical components of windows is their frames. Over the past several decades, the design of window frames has undergone significant innovations, ranging from introducing new materials to novel design concepts. The performance of window frames is typically influenced by materials, structural design, and the surrounding environment. Consequently, this paper analyzes the common window frame materials in Chinese civil buildings through investigation. It explores commonly used types of window frames available in the market, focusing on their materials and structural designs. It analyzes issues observed during their usage, integrates findings from existing research, and discusses the performance of window frame materials. Additionally, it explores improvement strategies to meet the evolving demands of contemporary and future architectural doors and windows, providing valuable reference points for designers. Finally, approaching the discussion from a sustainable development perspective, the paper evaluates the environmental impact of wood, aluminum alloy, polymer, and composite window frame materials. It emphasizes that wood- and aluminum-clad wood windows represent sustainable options with versatile applications in diverse scenarios.

Strength analysis and structural improvement of the connection between rear shock absorber support and frame of a city bus based on Hypermesh

Abstract In response to the phenomenon of cracking at the rivet holes of the plate connecting the rear shock absorber to the frame of the 6-meter leaf spring of the passenger bus, this article takes the rear shock absorber support and the frame as the research object. Firstly, CATIA software is used to model the object, and Hypermesh is used to divide the mesh to establish a fine element model. The Optistruct finite element solver is used to analyze the strength of the model, and the analysis results are imported into Hyperview 2019 for post-processing to analyze stress distribution and stress concentration. The simulation analysis results show that when a force of 6, 721 N is applied to the rear shock absorber support, the maximum stress value occurs at the rivet holes of the plate connecting the support to the frame, and the maximum equivalent stress value at this point is greater than the yield limit of the frame material, which is consistent with the crack location that occurs during actual vehicle operation. After adopting the strengthening scheme, the stress distribution of the frame is more uniform, greatly reducing stress concentration. The maximum stress value appears on the inner side of the right frame, and the maximum equivalent stress is less than the yield limit of the frame material, avoiding the crack phenomenon. The results indicate that this scheme can not only meet the performance requirements but also provide a reference for structural improvement and optimization design of the connection between the rear shock support and the frame.

Analisis Sikap Pelanggan Produk Kreatif pada Industri Kerajinan Mutiara Sekarbela Kota Mataram

This study aims to determine customer attitudes on creative products that are the flagship of Mataram City, namely Sekarbela pearl crafts. The type of research is descriptive which is used to get an idea of customer attitudes which is an important aspect in the theory of consumer behavior. This research uses a sample survey method, by choosing the center of Sekarbela pearl jewelry crafts as the research location. The population in this study was all customers of jewelry products who came to make purchases at the center. The respondent determination technique used in this study is purposive sampling, which is sampling according to the purpose of the study. Because the number of the study population is not known with certainty, the sample taken for the study was determined as many as 100 people. The analysis uses an attitude model to measure the extent of customer attitude after they make several purchases of the creative product. The topic of previous research with the research now proposed by researchers is interconnected, which remains on the creative products of Sekarbela pearl crafts in Mataram City. This study is to analyze customer attitudes which are important aspects of consumer behavior that periodically need to be analyzed and assessed to ensure the continuity of purchases and loyalty of their customers. The result shows that the attitude of consumers of pearl creative products was positive. These results are obtained from the process of analyzing a number of attributes inherent in the product such as durability, design, pearl grain quality, specifications, frame material, aesthetic value, and product price. The value of this attitude needs to be increased by marketers to ensure the survival of the business that has become the icon of Mataram City.

A La-MOF as multi-responsive fluorescence sensor for Fe3+, PO43− and p‑Nitroaniline with high sensitivity and selectivity

Excessive emissions of Fe3+, PO43−, and p-Nitroaniline in the environment pose a major threat to human health and the earth ecology. Hence, a rapid and effective detection method for these pollutants is urgently needed. Here, three kinds of three-dimensional porous lanthanide metal-organic frame materials (Ln-MOFs) have been synthesized by hydrothermal method, namely {[Ln3(NTB)3(bib)0.5(H2O)2]•nH2O}n [H3NTB = Nitrilotrisbenzoic acid, bib = 1,4-bis(1-Imidazoly)benzene, Ln = La(Ⅰ), Ce(Ⅱ), Pr(Ⅲ)]. By single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, Ⅰ-Ⅲ are homogeneous compounds with monoclinic crystal system and P21/c space group. Peculiarly, La-MOF (Ⅰ) is an excellent multi-response luminescence sensor, which can simultaneously detect Fe3+, PO43− and p-Nitroaniline (LOD values are 1.29 × 10−6 M, 1.59 × 10−6 M, 1.32 × 10−6 M, respectively) with high selectivity, low detection limit and good anti-interference ability. It is a rare multifunctional fluorescence sensor for Fe3+, PO43− and p-Nitroaniline. In addition, La-MOF (I) has excellent chemical and thermal stability, and it can be stable in aqueous solutions with pH = 2–12 and below 240℃, which indicates that La-MOF (I) has the potential to be applied in practical complex environments. The possible mechanisms in the fluorescence sensing process are explored by X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–vis spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT).

Climate change mitigation potential in building preservation: comparing the CO2 performance of four refurbishment alternatives to new construction

ABSTRACT Older buildings are often vilified for alleged poor energy performance. This discussion has, however, been limited to operational energy, rather than whole-life carbon. This paper compares both embodied and operational carbon emissions of building preservation to new construction. Methodologically, it relies on consequential replacement LCA. Using a representative 1950s school building as a case study, a locally heritage-listed example of Modernist architecture, four retention scenarios are devised. The scenarios represent different approaches towards repair needs, cost implications, time horizons of refurbishment, and conserving the building's architectural-historical value. For the contemporary new build, two scenarios are developed based on a case study school building completed in 2018. They differ by the material of the structural frame (concrete or cross-laminated timber). The concrete-framed alternative corresponds to the present business as usual, whereas the wooden alternative represents a competing lower-carbon technology. The study was conducted in Finland, i.e. a cold continental climate. In such conditions, operational energy consumption is significant for a building's carbon footprint. Nevertheless, the findings show that building preservation results in lower emissions than new construction in most of the scenarios. The climate change mitigation potential of building preservation is significant at the scale of singular buildings and the building stock scale.

Structure and oxygen evolution reaction performance of Ni-supported catalysts based on steam-exploded poplar

Using renewable steam-exploded poplar (SEP) as carbon source, nickel metal doped carbon hybrid materials were designed to synthesize catalysts (Ni/SEP) with certain oxygen evolution reaction (OER) properties and were compared with nickel catalysts supported on metal organic framework structure (ZIF67-Ni). The roles of SEP support in Ni-based catalyst were considered. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirmed that the fiber could better hinder the aggregation of metal particles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated the presence of surface OH groups after the reduction process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirmed the major form of metallic Ni in the resulting Ni catalysts. Carbon materials as carriers, the synergetic effect of Ni-doped, and carbon carrier played an important role in facilitating the kinetics of OER, which was similar to the carrier of metal-organic frame material. Notably, the Ni/SEP (11.3 mF/cm-2) and ZIF67-Ni (37.2 mF/cm-2) with better OER performance exhibited a smaller double layer capacitances (Cdl), suggesting the intrinsic OER catalytic activity of the Ni/SEP and ZIF67-Ni were much higher in comparison to the ZIF67-Ni/SEP. Moreover, the inferior performance of Ni/SEP further indicated that the synergistic effect between carbon and Ni/NiO contributes to the enhanced OER activity.

Choreographing the disabled spectator: Disrupting audience expectations in Dancer and rampa landscape

Representation of ‘differing bodyminds’ in dance has expanded how dancing bodies are imagined. Examining two performances in Helsinki, Finland, Dancer and rampa landscape: lazy, late, absent through collaborative autoethnography we consider in what ways these works might choreograph for disabled spectators. We argue that choreography addressing disability and neurodivergence that does not consider the diverse access needs of spectators, risks creating hermeneutical injustice. This occurs when individuals experience harm due to their inability to understand or articulate their own experiences. Hermeneutical injustice is characterized by inequitable access to disability knowledge and a declarative approach to access where performances, venues and artists claim to be accessible for spectators without attention to what is necessary for access. Through this process, spectators without access needs have more access to the choreographic knowledge of disability. We alternate our experiences of these performances with reflections on spectator access and draw on framing materials to provide context. We focus on how the performance choreographs for disabled spectators – relating our own embodied experiences and observations as audience members. Ultimately, cripping choreography cannot just involve onstage representation; it must consider and welcome the disabled spectator.

Synthesis Strategies, Preparation Methods, and Applications of Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks (CMOFs) is a kind of material with great application value in recent years. Formed by the coordination of metal ions or metal clusters with organic ligands. It has ordered and adjustable pores, multi-dimensional network structure, large specific surface area and excellent adsorption properties. This material structure combines the properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with the chiral properties of chiral molecules. It has great advantages in catalysis, adsorption, separation and other fields. Therefore, it has a wide range of applications in chemistry, biology, medicine and materials science. In this paper, various synthesis strategies and preparation methods of chiral metal-organic frameworks are reviewed from different perspectives, and the advantages of each method are analyzed. In addition, the applications of chiral metal-organic framework materials in enantiomer recognition and separation, circular polarization luminescence and asymmetric catalysis are systematically summarized, and the corresponding mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the development of chiral metal-organic frame materials are analyzed in detail.

Literature review of potential materials for the construction of an alternative flat-plate solar collector

Through systematic review method the article presents the potential of existing solar energy in Mozambique for use in water heating with the integration of thermal energy storage systems that are currently being investigated. It emphasizes the need for affordable materials in building solar collectors for Mozambique’s homes, leveraging the country’s solar potential to reduce electricity consumption and environmental impact for sustainable development. It explores current research on thermal energy storage systems for solar water heating and reviews alternative materials for solar collectors based on their properties, cost, and availability. The importance of thermal energy storage in solar collectors for efficiency and load balancing is highlighted., it discusses and list the potential alternative materials for the construction of flat plate solar thermal collectors from roofing material, frame, absorber, pipes, and heat storage material according to their thermophysical properties, costs, and availability in the Mozambican market in the context of industrialization.

Motion Control of 5-Degree of Freedom Humanoid Robot Arm System Using Fuzzy Logic Algorithm

Humanoid robots are the evidence of the rapid advancement of technology in robotics. One of their applications is replacing humans in certain tasks, such as moving goods. For this type of activity, humanoid robots need arms; however, their arm system is not effective enough because of the material used. Thus, this study proposes the use of filament as the material of frames in robot arms. A 5-degree of freedom (DoF) robot arm system was implemented, and the motor worked as the driving force. The movement of this robotic arm was based on proximity and camera sensor readings. Then, the movement control used fuzzy logic with the Sugeno method. During experimental testing, the humanoid robot arm could grip and move objects from one place to another at varying times according to the object type. The length of time obtained depends on the reading of the proximity sensor on the gripper. In another experiment, the humanoid robot arm could shake hands with humans in real time within 36 sec. In conclusion, the results verified the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy logic controller with the Sugeno method.