Development Of Framework Research Articles

A snapshot of cancer in Chile II: an update on research, strategies and analytical frameworks for equity, innovation and national development

IntroductionChile has achieved developed nation status and boasts a life expectancy of 81 + years; however, the healthcare and research systems are unprepared for the social and economic burden of cancer. One decade ago, the authors put forward a comprehensive analysis of cancer infrastructure, together with a series of suggestions on research orientated political policy.ObjectivesProvide an update and comment on policy, infrastructure, gender equality, stakeholder participation and new challenges in national oncology. Assess the funding and distribution of cancer investigation. Present actions for the development of oncology research, innovation and patient care.MethodsTriangulating objective system metrics of economic, epidemiological, private and public sector resources together with policy analysis, we assessed cancer burden, infrastructure, and investigation. We analyzed governmental and private-sector cancer databases, complemented by interviews with cancer stakeholders.ResultsGovernmental policy and patient advocacy have led to the recognition of cancer burden, a cancer law, and a national cancer plan. Cancer has become the leading cause of death in Chile (59,876 cases and 31,440 cancer deaths in 2022), yet only 0.36% gross domestic product (GDP) is directed to research and development. Inequalities in treatment regimens persist. Prevention policy has lowered tobacco consumption, sugar intake via soft drinks and offered a high coverage of HPV vaccines. A high-quality cancer research community is expanding, and internationally sponsored clinical oncology trials are increasing.ConclusionsThe cancer law has facilitated advancement in policy. Prevention policies have impacted tobacco and sugar intake, while gender equality and care inequality have entered the public forum. Cancer research is stagnated by the lack of investment. Implementation of a cancer registry and biobanking, reinforcement of prevention strategies, development of human resources, promotion of clinical trial infrastructure and investment in new technologies must be placed as a priority to permit advancements in innovation and equitable cancer care.

DEVELOPING ENGLISH MATERIALS WITH ISLAMIC CONTENT THROUGH TECHNOLOGICAL, PEDAGOGICAL AND CONTENT KNOWLEDGE APPROACH

The integration of technology in English teaching materials is essential to meet the growing demands of modern learners including those who learn in Islamic educational contexts. This study aimed to (1) identify the English learning needs related to Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK); (2) develop an English language textbook based on the TPACK approach; and (3) evaluate its suitability for use in Islamic higher education. Employing the Research and Development (R&D) framework by Gall et al. (2003), the study was conducted in seventh phases: research and data collection, planning, preliminary product development, preliminary field testing, product revision, main field testing, and final product revision. The participants were 77 students from three Islamic higher education institutions in Lampung, Consist of 20 students from IAI Agus Salim, 30 students from IAIN Metro, and 27 students from IAI Ma’arif Metro.The subject in this research are expert jugment and user. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The data were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Expert and user evaluations of the developed textbook, Basic English, demonstrated its good quality and effectiveness for use in Islamic higher education, with minor revisions recommended for optimization. The findings imply that the integration of the TPACK framework into textbook development can enhance the quality of English language learning in Islamic higher education. It is concluded that the textbook is suitable for use as an English Material in the learning process.

The importance of education and motivation in the training of HVAC&R professionals in Europe: Lessons from the Portuguese case

The Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration (HVAC&R) industry is pivotal to Europe’s goals for energy efficiency, sustainability, and technological advancement. As demand for skilled HVAC&R professionals rises, the effectiveness of educational programs in this field has become a focal point. This article explores the Portuguese case to analyze how pedagogical strategies and student motivation contribute to the quality of HVAC&R training across Europe. The study highlights innovative teaching methodologies such as active and competency-based learning, as well as the use of laboratory training and digital simulations to provide hands-on experience. Additionally, it emphasizes Bloom’s Taxonomy as a framework for curriculum development, ensuring that students advance from foundational knowledge to complex problem-solving abilities. Motivation is also identified as a critical factor for student engagement and long-term career commitment. The article concludes that a balanced integration of theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and motivational support is essential for producing highly qualified HVAC&R professionals. This approach not only meets current industry needs but also aligns with Europe’s broader environmental and technological objectives, offering valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and industry stakeholders.

Edge-guided feature fusion network for RGB-T salient object detection

IntroductionRGB-T Salient Object Detection (SOD) aims to accurately segment salient regions in both visible light and thermal infrared images. However, many existing methods overlook the critical complementarity between these modalities, which can enhance detection accuracy.MethodsWe propose the Edge-Guided Feature Fusion Network (EGFF-Net), which consists of cross-modal feature extraction, edge-guided feature fusion, and salience map prediction. Firstly, the cross-modal feature extraction module captures and aggregates united and intersecting information in each local region of RGB and thermal images. Then, the edge-guided feature fusion module enhances the edge features of salient regions, considering that edge information is very helpful in refining significant area details. Moreover, a layer-by-layer decoding structure integrates multi-level features and generates the prediction of salience maps.ResultsWe conduct extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets and compare EGFF-Net with state-of-the-art methods. Our approach achieves superior performance, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed modules in improving both detection accuracy and boundary refinement.DiscussionThe results highlight the importance of integrating cross-modal information and edge-guided fusion in RGB-T SOD. Our method outperforms existing techniques and provides a robust framework for future developments in multi-modal saliency detection.

Scales of governance, polycentricity and the case of active travel infrastructure in West London

In the context of net zero targets, the Bloomington School raises vital questions for public administration about the suitability and inter-relationships between different scales of governance for addressing this complex challenge. The extant empirically orientated literature exploring different examples of polycentric climate governance can gain from a closer focus on Elinor Ostrom’s conjecture that large scale externality problems can be most effectively addressed through decentralised governance processes. There is significant need and scope for applying Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework to urban governance contexts. This paper applies the IAD framework to a case study of urban governance in London, focusing on sustainable transport targets and the task of delivering active travel infrastructure. The case confirms the pertinence of Bloomington insights into the importance of local knowledge and collaborative and entrepreneurial approaches to governance. The study also demonstrates that the Bloomington case for decentralised processes of institutional adaptation needs to be qualified where externalities cut across multiple jurisdictions, and in the case of reducing CO2 emissions are global in scale. Enabling active travel is found to require national and city-level governance initiating policy coordination across multiple local jurisdictions.

Aerial Images Segmentation with Graph Neural Network

Abstract. The development of remote sensing platforms and sensors, as well as the improvement of remote data processing tools and methods, create new opportunities for automatic updating of maps. Currently, aerial photographs serve as the main source for automatic map updates due to their accessibility and significant informational value. One of the core elements for image to maps transition is accurate image segmentation. Nowadays, machine learning methods demonstrate the best results in task of image segmentation. At its core, maps represent information about a certain area in a vector form, that not only contains visual information about area, but also reflects some relations between objects in the map. This quality makes a map more convenient for human perception than an aerial photograph (raster image). This study addresses the problem of accurate aerial image segmentation with taking the advantages of using graph neural network as the more adequate model of map structure. We use graph neural network for retrieving semantic and vector information about a captured area from its aerial image. The developed framework at first phase utilizes visual transformer for retrieving deep features from the input aerial image. The graph neural network then performs clustering of the extracted deep features to obtain semantic segmentation of the image. To train and evaluate the developed framework, a special dataset is collected and annotated. It contains more than 10k aerial photographs representing various types of objects taken in different years and seasons. The evaluation results on the created dataset proved the state-of-the-art performance of the developed framework.

The Right to a Healthy Environment and Its Role in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by the United Nations in 2015, present an integrated framework for addressing the world’s most pressing challenges, including poverty, inequality, climate change, and peace. Central to the SDGs is the recognition of human rights as a foundation for sustainable development. This chapter explores the intrinsic linkages between the SDGs and human rights, emphasizing how the realization of one reinforces the other. Many SDGs align with core human rights principles enshrined in international frameworks such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and subsequent treaties. For example, Goal 1 (No Poverty) relates to the right to an adequate standard of living, while Goal 4 (Quality Education) aligns with the right to education. Similarly, Goal 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) supports rights to justice and freedom from oppression. The interdependence of human rights and SDGs ensures that marginalized groups are included in development processes, fostering equity and social justice. The chapter also examines the challenges in implementing rights-based approaches to the SDGs. Conflicts, governance deficits, and resource constraints hinder progress in certain regions. Nevertheless, integrating human rights into SDG strategies offers a pathway to addressing these barriers effectively. Finally, the chapter provides case studies highlighting successful rights-based approaches in achieving SDGs, including initiatives addressing gender equality, environmental sustainability, and the protection of vulnerable populations. By embedding human rights into development frameworks, the SDGs not only aim to eradicate deprivation but also empower individuals and communities to participate meaningfully in shaping their futures. As the global community advances toward the 2030 Agenda, a rights-based approach will remain pivotal to ensuring that no one is left behind.

National innovation system for resilience, transformation and sustainable development in Uganda: contextual analysis of the factors, actors and associated linkages

Purpose While the role of the National Innovation System (NIS) in promoting economic growth is well recognized, there remains a significant knowledge gap concerning how interactions among actors and learning processes within these systems facilitate innovation commercialization in Uganda. This gap hinders the effective design and implementation of policies aimed at boosting innovation-driven development in emerging economies. This study aims to explore the linkages and interrelationships among NIS actors in Uganda. Design/methodology/approach This study used systematic document reviews and case-study techniques. A systematic review based on the SPAR-4-SLR protocol evaluated the literature on Uganda’s NIS, including policy and strategy documents, development frameworks, journal articles and working papers. This dual approach allowed for an in-depth analysis of policy documents and empirical examples, revealing complex mechanisms within Uganda’s NIS. A content analysis tool facilitated the reduction of qualitative data through codification, theme development and the reporting of results. Findings This study explored the relationships among NIS actors, offering insights into using Uganda’s unique institutional and economic landscape for sustainable growth. It identifies key drivers, such as improved collaboration between the government, industry and academia and strategic policy measures in technology transfer and innovation funding, which are essential for revitalizing Uganda’s innovation ecosystem. Research limitations/implications This study presents a preliminary analysis of Uganda’s NIS. Future studies should adopt a longitudinal approach to examine the evolution of NIS over time, including the impact of global technological advancements and policy changes on Uganda’s innovation ecosystem. To elucidate the complex interrelationships within an NIS, subsequent research could employ network analysis or systems thinking methodology. These approaches would facilitate a more nuanced understanding of the interconnections and reciprocal influences among various NIS stakeholders. Practical implications The inclusion of the innovation, technology development and transfer (ITDT) program in National Development Plan III demonstrates that National Innovation System (NIS) incorporation into the country’s development process is possible through a combination of policy/regulatory, market/economic and technical/technological factors. Originality/value This study significantly advances the understanding of innovation systems by detailing the intricate network of relationships within Uganda’s NIS. This highlights the unexplored dimensions of learning and cooperation and offers a thorough analysis of the factors that enable innovation, which are crucial for promoting innovation in a developing country.

Validation of the World Health Organization Rehabilitation Competency Framework: An illustration using physiotherapy.

The World Health Organization's Rehabilitation 2030 initiative represents a new strategic direction for the worldwide rehabilitation community and their Rehabilitation Competency Framework (RCF) was designed to describe the requirements of a rehabilitation workforce. This study aimed to identify and review global physiotherapy competencies and explore their congruence with the WHO-RCF. A document review and thematic analysis were conducted on competency documents sourced from World Physiotherapy member countries. A three-pronged search strategy was used to identify physiotherapy competencies in all World Physiotherapy members that were listed on their website at the time of the study. All competency statements identified were sorted using the definitions of the five domains of the WHO-RCF. A desktop inductive thematic analysis of competencies was conducted to derive a conceptual framework for future competency framework development. Two thousand and one competency statements were extracted from 20 documents, all accommodated within the WHO-RCF. From the dataset, a conceptual framework was developed consisting of 17 themes and 59 sub-themes across five domains. Technological competence, entrepreneurship and broader competencies to advance the social justice agenda were identified as gaps. To promote homogeneity, it is recommended that all rehabilitation professionals utilise a similar methodology using the WHO-RCF to develop future frameworks that are contextually relevant. Competencies needed for change in support of equitable access and better health for all should be included.

Unveiling Travel Patterns and Challenges Considering Mixed Land Use and User Behavior in an Indian City

Transportation and land use are inextricably linked. Travel patterns are influenced by the location, design of new developments, and users’ behavior. In many Tier II cities in India where rapid transit systems are unavailable, such as Vadodara, spatial and transportation planning lack integration with land use. This disconnect neglects user behavior and travel needs, resulting in congestion and pollution as ongoing, reactive challenges rather than being addressed through sustainable and proactive solutions. This research used a triangulation approach incorporating literature analysis, questionnaire surveys, and field observations to enhance the robustness of the results. After a comprehensive analysis, findings were derived from the user behavior, traffic patterns, and field observations for mixed land use. The study revealed a heavy reliance on private vehicles for work trips (53%) despite low satisfaction with sustainable transport options (average rating of 2.8 out of 5). Infrastructure issues, such as disorganized parking and pedestrian safety concerns, exacerbate congestion and pollution. This study recommends a Comprehensive Mobility Plan (C.M.P.) and a land use and transport integration (LUTI) cell to address these issues and promote sustainability. Future research should explore comparative studies, socioeconomic factors, and legal frameworks for sustainable development.

Cancer Nursing Frameworks to Guide Clinical Capability, Education and Careers: A Scoping Review of the International Literature.

This review aimed to provide a current global profile of all existing cancer nursing competency, capability, education and career frameworks and map capabilities and competencies to the clinical, facilitation of education, management and research pillars of practice. Scoping review. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed. Gray literature searches and reference list searches were also performed. This review was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's method and followed PRISMA guidelines for reporting. Screening and data extraction was conducted independently by two or more authors. The quality of frameworks were assessed using The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for textual evidence: policy/consensus guidelines. Data were analyzed and narratively synthesized by experienced cancer nurse researchers. Thirty-four articles were included, comprising of 29 cancer nursing frameworks. Frameworks were categorized as competency frameworks, career and education frameworks, education/learning pathways, and career/professional development frameworks. Competencies and capabilities described in the frameworks were mapped to the four pillars of practice including clinical (n = 27), facilitation of learning (n = 20), leadership and management (n = 23), and research and scholarship (n = 24). Comprehensive cancer nursing frameworks are pivotal in enabling nurse leaders to grow and develop the cancer nursing workforce globally. They are also integral to support cancer nurses in providing high-quality, effective, and safe care for patients and their families across the cancer continuum. This is the first review to comprehensively capture and synthesize the capabilities, educational components, and career pathways outlined in existing cancer nursing frameworks worldwide and highlights where areas of improvement are needed to support professional growth, job satisfaction and retention of cancer nurses. This article is a review of frameworks and does not include patient or public contribution.

Comprehensive scoping review of palliative care development in Africa: recent advances and persistent gaps

Worldwide 56·8 million people need palliative care (PC), and Africa shows the highest demand. This study updates the 2017 review of African PC development, using a scoping review methodology based on Arksey and O'Malley's framework and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The review was conducted across PUBMED, CINAHL, Embase, government websites, and the African PC Association Atlas, from 2017 to 2023, charting its progress using the new WHO framework for PC Development, which, in addition to Services, Education, Medicines, and Policies, two new dimensions were incorporated: Research and Empowerment of people and Communities. Of the 4.420 records, 118 met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed increased adult specialised services (n = 675), and 15 of 54 countries have paediatric services. Nonetheless, the ratio of services per population mostly remains under 0,10 per 100.000 inhabitants. PC education was included in undergraduate curricula in 29 countries; despite the rise in morphine availability (28 countries), median consumption remains under 3 mg/per capita/year, and 14 countries presented stand-alone policies. Publications on PC development increased, and 26 countries have National PC Associations. Notwithstanding progress since 2017, significant hurdles remain, highlighting the need for ongoing research and policy development to ensure equitable access to palliative care in Africa.

STATUS KELEMBAGAAN KELOMPOK MASYARAKAT PENGAWAS BIDANG PERIKANAN DI NEGERI HUKURILA KECAMATAN LEITIMUR SELATAN KOTA AMBON

One of the Fisheries Supervisory Community Groups in Ambon City is the "Tihulessy" Community Supervisory Group in Hukurila Village, South Leitimur District. The fisheries supervisory community group has carried out its duties/obligations for 2 years, but there is a main obstacle, namely that there are no adequate monitoring facilities and infrastructure so that monitoring activities are limited to the nearest sea and coastal areas. For this reason, an evaluation of the level of institutional development of fisheries supervisory community groups needs to be carried out, so this research aims to analyze the level of development and determine priorities for institutional development of fisheries supervisory community groups in Hukurila State. Primary data obtained through structured interviews using a questionnaire with 10 respondents was then analyzed qualitatively using an institutional development framework approach. The research results show that the institutional status is low or does not have sufficient institutional resources to ensure its continuity. Institutional development priorities are divided into: 1). The short-term priority scale is increasing the quality and quantity of roles, namely the task of monitoring fisheries resources; 2). The medium-term priority scale is organizational development, improving leadership, improving management systems, building relationships/communication/and coordination, budget management, and procurement of work support facilities and tools; and 3). The long-term priority scale is increasing skills and developing members, as well as developing products or the economic value of fisheries resources in Hukurila Village.

Enhancing Drug Recommender System for Peptic Ulcer Treatment

Drug Recommender Systems (DRS) streamline prescription process and contribute to better healthcare. Hence, this study developed a DRS that recommends appropriate drug(s) for the treatment of an ailment using Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) as a case study. Patients’ and drug data were elicited from MIMIC-IV and Drugs.com, respectively. These data were analysed and used in the design of the DRS model, which was based on the hybrid recommendation approach (combining the clustering algorithm, the Collaborative Filtering approach (CF), and the Knowledge-Based Filtering approach (KBF)). The factors that were considered in recommending appropriate drugs were age, gender, body weight, allergies, and drug interactions. The model designed was implemented in Python programming language with the Flask framework for web development and Visual Studio Code as the Integrated Development Environment. The performance of the system was evaluated using Precision, Recall, Accuracy, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and usability test. The evaluation was carried out in two phases. Firstly, the CF component was evaluated by splitting the dataset from MIMIV-IV into a 70% (60,018) training set and a 30% (25,722) test set. This resulted in a precision score of 85.48%, a recall score of 85.58%, and a RMSE score of 0.74. Secondly, the KBF component was evaluated using 30 different cases. The evaluation for this was computed manually by comparing the recommendation results from the system with those of an expert. This resulted in a precision of 77%, a recall of 83%, an accuracy of 81% and an RMSE of 0.24. The results from the usability test showed a high percentage of performance of the system. The addition of the KBF reduced the error rate between actual recommendations and predicted recommendations. So, the system had a high ability to recommend appropriate drug(s) for PUD.

Carbon Sequestration Zoning and Management in Megacities from a Sustainable Perspective: A Case Study of Beijing

To address the contradiction between the development of megacities and ecological restoration, as well as the carbon sequestration capacity guarantee, this study was based on the sustainable development framework and adopted the research approach of "clarifying carbon sequestration characteristics, evaluating carbon sequestration suitability, and comprehensively dividing carbon sequestration areas" to propose carbon sequestration zoning and management measures for Beijing under the sustainable development framework. First, we used the improved Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach （CASA） model and soil microbial respiration equation to quantitatively estimate the net ecosystem productivity （NEP） of vegetation in Beijing from 2001 to 2020. The spatiotemporal distribution pattern and evolution characteristics were analyzed and trend, volatility, and continuity were used as evaluation indicators for carbon sequestration characteristics. Second, from a sustainable perspective, considering the natural, social, and economic conditions of Beijing, the driving factors of NEP in Beijing were analyzed from the perspectives of single-factor detection and interactive detection using geographic detector methods. Finally, the driving factors were used as suitability evaluation indicators for sustainable carbon sequestration. Risk detection was used to assign values to different intervals of the driving factors based on their corresponding NEP mean values. Combined with the NEP carbon sequestration characteristics in Beijing, the sustainable carbon sequestration zones in Beijing were determined. The results showed that： ① On the time scale, the overall trend of NEP change in Beijing from 2001 to 2020 was fluctuating upward, and on the spatial scale, NEP in the northwest was larger than that in the southeast. The overall trend showed a divergent expansion from the center of Beijing, and 79.6% of the regional NEP showed an increasing trend； however, the scope of the region with a sustainable growth or a reversal from a decrease was still relatively small. The region with the least volatility among the carbon sequestration regions included Huairou, Yanqing, and Fangshan Districts. ② The major drivers of spatial variability of NEP in Beijing were, in descending order of explanatory degree, vegetation cover, land use type, elevation, degree of human interference, slope, level of economic activity, population density, GDP, and average temperature. The interaction of the drivers was a two-way enhancement or non-linear enhancement and the characteristics of spatial variability of NEP were affected by the joint action of multiple drivers. ③ Combined with the evaluation of the suitability of sustainable carbon sequestration and the characteristics of the evolution of carbon sequestration, Beijing was divided into five categories： carbon sequestration core areas, carbon sequestration key areas, carbon sequestration priority areas, carbon sequestration potential areas, and carbon sequestration supplemental areas, which accounted for 47.5%, 17.7%, 15.4%, 11.4%, and 8.0% of the municipal area, respectively. The results of this study can provide a basis for the delineation of carbon sequestration areas and the formulation of management measures in Beijing. To realize sustainable development and carbon neutrality, megacities should define carbon sequestration zones by combining the effects of multiple drivers and the evolutionary characteristics of carbon sequestration, to adopt targeted carbon sequestration strategies.

Assessment of the Synergistic Development Status of Nature-Based Tourism in the National Parks Agglomeration of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

The national parks agglomeration in China is presently undergoing a pivotal phase of planning and construction. Synergistic development of nature-based tourism within the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau National Parks Agglomeration is essential for optimizing the spatial configuration of regional functions and substantiating the necessity of the agglomeration development of national parks. This study develops an assessment framework for the synergistic development of nature-based tourism based on the interconnection of elements. By constructing a model of nature-based tourism elements’ interconnections and employing social network analysis, it investigates the characteristics and status of synergistic development in nature-based tourism within the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau National Parks Agglomeration, while also proposing pathways for optimization. The findings reveal that: (1) By integrating multi-source heterogeneous data on resource complementarity, product connectivity, tourist source sharing, and information linkage, a robust assessment framework for the synergistic development of nature-based tourism in the national parks agglomeration was established. (2) The synergistic development of nature-based tourism within the national parks agglomeration on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau demonstrates spatial heterogeneity. Shangri-La National Park and Qinghai Lake National Park serve as the core of the tourism flow network, whereas Mount Kailash National Park, Gaoligong Mountain National Park, and Pamir–Kunlun Mountains National Park exhibit the least favorable states of coordinated development. (3) Utilizing social network analysis, this study classified the national parks into core and peripheral positions within the nature-based tourism synergy network and proposed corresponding optimization strategies. The findings of this research contribute to optimizing the overall layout of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau national parks agglomeration. Additionally, they provide theoretical and methodological references for the nature-based tourism synergistic development in other national park agglomerations.

Framework for Dataset Development in Building Energy Balance Simulations

The article presents a structured approach to forming initial datasets necessary for calculating the energy balance of buildings, tailored to the district's level of digitalization. The methodology outlined addresses the often-neglected step of data preparation, which critically influences the outcomes of energy balance simulations. Two distinct process flows for dataset formation are introduced, reflecting high and medium levels of district digitalization. The paper’s novelty lies in formalizing the dataset creation process, enabling more accurate energy simulations, particularly in the early planning stages of positive energy districts.

Help Me Develop Me

The purpose of this case study was to assess the effectiveness of practicum-based learning in college athlete development programming at a Division I institution. This case study featured a social cognitive career theory (SCCT) approach to understanding the experiences of 19 Division I collegiate athletes who participated in athlete-centric conferences for the first time. Athletes were interviewed both before and after the conferences. After data collection, the authors conducted a narrative analysis of their experiences to determine how well the athlete’s experiences fit within the SCCT model. The findings provide a case for developing a mandated policy for college athlete development frameworks featuring a practicum-based learning baseline and utilizing the SCCT framework for athlete development and advancement.

Transformational leadership, ESG performance, corporate reputation and competitive advantage: a serial mediation model

PurposeGiven the competitiveness of the business environment globally, environmental, social and governance (ESG), which represents a sustainable development framework that integrates environmental, social and corporate governance factors, has become an increasingly recognized concept in emerging markets. In the case of Ghana, its implementation is influenced by several factors, including leadership.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the resource-based view theory, higher-order theory and stakeholder theory, we developed and evaluated a serial mediation model to explain how ESG performance and corporate reputation can connect transformational leadership to enhance competitive advantage. Utilizing the Process Macro model 6 in SPSS, data were collected from 340 senior managers/executives and middle-level managers from European multinational firms operating in Ghana.FindingsThe results indicate that transformational leadership positively affects ESG performance. Enhanced ESG performance, in turn, leads to improved corporate reputation, which subsequently results in a stronger competitive advantage.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited to European multinational firms operating in Ghana, which may restrict the generalizability of the findings to other contexts or regions.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that organizations aiming to strengthen their competitive advantage should prioritize transformational leadership practices that foster ESG initiatives, as these are critical drivers of corporate reputation and market positioning.Originality/valueThis study provides new insights into the interwovenness between ESG performance and leadership in enhancing corporate reputation and competitive advantage within the context of emerging markets.

The impact of Artificial Intelligence in detecting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: advances and challenges

This review explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI), especially through deep learning (DL) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), in the early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). ESCC presents significant diagnostic challenges due to its aggressive nature and high mortality, often diagnosed at advanced stages. Traditional endoscopic methods, while essential, suffer from limitations like interobserver variability, especially for subtle early lesions. AI-based systems have demonstrated high sensitivity in identifying these early neoplasms, reducing diagnostic discrepancies and enhancing precision. Through a bibliographic review, the article highlights recent AI advancements, particularly in utilizing CNNs to identify early-stage ESCC. These tools have shown the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy even among less experienced endoscopists and provide critical support in clinical decision-making, including biopsy guidance and lesion mapping in chromoendoscopy and narrow-band imaging (NBI). Despite promising results, challenges persist in AI’s practical application, such as the need for extensive data for training, clinical validation, and standardization across different endoscopic equipment. The study underscores the need for large-scale multicenter studies and standardization to solidify AI’s role in ESCC diagnosis. It envisions a future where AI not only serves as a diagnostic support tool but becomes integral to endoscopic practices, requiring continued technological development, ethical considerations, and regulatory frameworks to maximize clinical benefit.