Frame Switching Research Articles

Cultural frame switching in Iran: three decades after the Islamic revolution

Cultural frame switching in Iran: three decades after the Islamic revolution

Biculturals in international business negotiations: moving away from the single culture paradigm

PurposeBiculturals possess higher cultural intelligence than monocultural individuals. This study explores biculturals' key factors and attributes and how their cultural knowledge and identification influence International Business Negotiations (IBNs) and help their firms outperform others.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from semi-structured interviews with 35 bicultural senior managers in Lebanon.FindingsThe findings highlight three essential qualities and behaviors that allow biculturals to act as a bridge between the parties during IBN: adaptability, cultural frame switching (CFS) and creativity.Originality/valueThis study explores the notion of bicultural personnel using their understanding of multiple cultures to be innovative, avoid groupthink and generate new creative ideas that help overcome stalemates during IBNs.

A novel frame switching model based on virtual MAC in SDN

MAC address spoofing has plagued LAN communication for a long time. Many attacks use it as a springboard to carry out subsequent attacks. The main reason for this kind of attack is the exposure of MAC address. If the source MAC address of the node can be hidden during frame forwarding, this kind of attack can be effectively prevented. This study proposes virtual MAC switching (VMS) as a solution to this problem. VMS uses multi-address hopping technology to make the MAC address of the frame change continuously in the forwarding process. Its unique address generation format makes other nodes unable to record or speculate the real MAC address of the node, so it cannot launch an attack. Experiments show that VMS is close to typical SDN switches in terms of delay, throughput, and overhead and has a higher security level.

Two Cultures, One Identity: Biculturalism of Mexican American Undergraduate Students

ABSTRACT While the number of Hispanic undergraduate students enrolled in higher education has more than doubled in the past 15 years, graduation rates for this population continues to be well below that of white students. Understanding the unique life experiences of bicultural Hispanic undergraduate students becomes vital for higher education professionals to better support this unique population. The purpose of this study was to explore life experiences of undergraduate Mexican Americans through a phenomenology design specifically to highlight how biculturalism is reflected in their lives, how they navigate two cultures, and the way they construct their bicultural identity. By using rich qualitative data including interviews, photo elicitation, and document analysis, this study paints a descriptive picture of biculturalism within eight Mexican American college students. Results indicate that bicultural individuals organize and respond to their culture in terms of behavior and cognition independently from the feelings they experience while engaging in cultural frame switching. Even when participants were able to organize their dual cultures and compartmentalize them in their life, they still struggled with conflicting feelings. When cultures and ideologies of the participants clash and at times feel contradictory, these students still manage to respond and function in both cultures.

Estimation of Extrinsic Parameters With Trifocal Tensor for Intelligent Vehicle-Mounted Cameras

In this article, the extrinsic parameter estimation of a camera mounted on an intelligent vehicle is addressed. The trifocal tensor is utilized to construct vision dynamics which relates image coordinates, velocity signals, and extrinsic parameters. Artificial visual patterns such as chessboards and planar reference objects used in homography-based methods are no longer required. An auxiliary tensor decouples the rotational extrinsic parameters from the translational ones. A key frame strategy is adopted to deal with the field of view constraint and an unknown distance is eliminated from the vision dynamics to counter the scale change caused by key frame switching. The Lyapunov method is used to design nonlinear observers, which estimate the extrinsic parameters at each time step based all collected valid historical data. Performance of the proposed method is verified by both simulation and experimental results.

Design and Implementation of Semi-Physical Platform for Label Based Frame Switching in Integrated Satellite Terrestrial Networks

With the explosion of traffic demand in recent years, the integration of satellite optical networks and terrestrial networks (ISTN) creates a promising networking solution for future low-latency, high-rate, and high-capacity communications. Owing to the high cost of deploying and maintaining a satellite optical network, it is critical to carefully design and plan the network to ensure the performance of the network. Thus, a semi-physical simulation platform based on software-defined networks (SDNs) is developed to simulate a satellite optical network and evaluate the performance of the proposed label-based advanced orbiting system (AOS) frame switching method that adheres to the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems’ recommended standard (CCSDS). The semi-physical simulation platform has two major innovations: (1) adapting and integrating network protocols between the CCSDS and open system interconnect (OSI) reference models, particularly at the data link layer, and (2) the foundation for an SDN-based satellite optical network. In the control plane, real-time VxWorks Simulators serve as controllers to establish and manage various network protocols and the link manager protocol (LMP). Here, network protocols include open shortest path first (OSPF) for routing managing and controlling messages, constraint shortest path first–traffic engineering (CSPF-TE), and constraint-label distribution protocol (CR-LDP) for routing data services. LMP is used to assign and reserve satellite optical link resources. The performance of the architecture and protocols is evaluated via a semi-physical simulation platform.

Kustaanheimo–Stiefel Variables for Planetary Protection Compliance Analysis

Planetary protection in trajectory design aims to assess the impact probability of space-mission-disposed objects based on their initial uncertain conditions, to avoid contaminating other planetary environments. High-precision dynamic models and propagation methods are required to reach high confidence levels on small estimated impact probabilities. These requirements have so far confined planetary protection analyses to robust Monte Carlo–based approaches, using the Cartesian formulation of the full force problem dynamics. This work presents the improvements brought by adopting the Kustaanheimo–Stiefel (KS) formulation of the dynamics. The KS formulation is combined with reference frame switch procedures and adaptive nondimensionalization upon detection of close encounters. The fibration property of the KS space, namely, the parameterizable locus of point arising when mapping to a higher-dimensional space, is exploited to minimize the computational time, because of the minimized numerical stiffness of the system. Impact probability estimation tasks become more efficient than the single-simulation case, since the regularization of the dynamics removes the singularity of gravitational potentials for distances approaching zero. Despite an almost halved computational burden for Monte Carlo analysis, the precision of the single simulations is increased by nearly one order of magnitude, setting a new performance benchmark for planetary protection tasks.

Motion parallax and lossless resolution autostereoscopic 3D display based on a binocular viewpoint tracking liquid crystal dynamic grating adaptive screen.

The autostereoscopic 3D display has two important indicators, both the number of viewpoints and display resolution. However, it's a challenge to improve both the viewpoint and the resolution. Here, we develop a fixed-position multiview and lossless resolution autostereoscopic 3D display system that includes the dynamic liquid crystal (LC) grating screen. This display system consists of an LC display panel and an LC grating screen. The synchronization of the frame switching of the LC display panel and the LC grating screen shutter enables the preserved resolution. The "eye space" design makes the viewpoint dense enough and determines the LC grating screen's parameters. We use binocular viewpoint tracking technology to realize the LC grating screen's adaptive control based on the above work. Different binocular views are rendered in real-time according to the different positions of a single pair of stereoscopic viewpoints in the eye space, making the motion parallax possible. We present the working principle and mathematical analysis. We implement a prototype for verifying the principle. According to the experiment results analysis, this prototype can achieve viewpoint tracking and motion parallax based on resolution lossless and viewpoint dense enough.

Examining clinical training through a bicultural lens: Experiences of genetic counseling students who identify with a racial or ethnic minority group

Biculturals are individuals who have had significant exposure to more than one culture and who possess more than one cultural frame of reference. In the United States, this term has been used to describe both immigrants and members of racial or ethnic minority groups who live within the majority white culture. Biculturals develop a distinct repertoire of social and cognitive skills and have been shown to engage in a process of cultural frame switching in response to salient cultural cues. Through a conceptual lens offered by current research on biculturalism, this article examines transcripts of focus groups we collected for a study on the clinical training experiences of genetic counseling students who identify with a racial or ethnic minority group. We conducted a constructivist grounded theory study, collecting data via 13 videoconference focus groups with 32 recent graduates of genetic counseling training programs who identify with a racial or ethnic minority group. We focus here on two of the thematic categories identified in that study related to participants’ experiences interacting with patients during supervised clinical rotations. We find three ways in which being bicultural influenced these genetic counselors’ patient interactions. First, participants described interactions with both culturally concordant and culturally discordant patients that highlighted the salience of their racial, ethnic, or cultural identity in these encounters. Second, they reported sensitivity to social nuances between and within cultures, reflecting the findings of prior research about heightened cultural awareness in biculturals. Third, they described switching cultural frames in response to their patients’ identities which, at times, created conflict between their professional and culturally concordant frameworks. The results of this study suggest that the influence of a student's racial, ethnic, or cultural identity on interactions with patients should be discussed within the supervisory relationship, and that being bicultural confers advantages in learning to provide culturally responsive care.

The Role of Language and Cultural Engagement in Emotional Fit with Culture: an Experiment Comparing Chinese-English Bilinguals to British and Chinese Monolinguals.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-021-00037-x.

A Research Study on Protocol Stack of Space-Based Optical Backbone Network

Facing the growing high data rate and large communication capacity demands, optical communications are widely recognized to be used to implement satellite communications. For a space-based optical backbone network, an appropriately designed protocol stack is important. In this paper, we proposed a protocol stack that is suitable for a space-based optical backbone network. Following this, we then used software to simulate this stack, built a hardware platform to test it, and finally, analyzed the results. The results showed that the proposed protocol stack was well designed to provide efficient control and management of the space-based optical backbone network. It could improve management efficiency by collecting resources and automatically calculating and building route paths. It could also facilitate data forwarding in intermediate satellite nodes with limited source and power, by using an advanced orbiting systems (AOS) frame switching scheme to avoid unnecessary processes, such as unpacking, upper-layer processing and repacking for passing services. The protocol stack could also support the use of unidirectional links to improve the link resource utilization. Finally, it could also provide transparent transmission for different kinds of services.

Unified All-Earth Navigation Mechanization and Virtual Polar Region Technology

For a strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS), a traditional navigation frame switching mechanization can be used to solve the all-Earth navigation problem, however, this kind of method suffers from complex and discontinuous algorithms. On the basis of improving vertical channel damping technology, a complete and unified all-Earth navigation scheme arranged in the Earth-centered Earth-fixed (ECEF) frame is designed as an alternative for global applications, which results in a simpler continuous algorithm and lower computational complexity. We also propose a virtual polar region technology based on the grid attitude and velocity invariant method (G-AVIM), which can complete the polar navigation verification through the actual test data of nonpolar regions. In the reconstructed polar region trajectory, the vehicle attitude, velocity, and height information relative to the ground remain unchanged, so the real test environment can be completely reproduced in the polar region. Simulations and field test results verified the proposed methods.

Broadening the social psychological approach to acculturation: cultural, personality and social-network approaches (Ampliación del enfoque socio-psicológico de la aculturación: perspectivas cultural, de la personalidad y de las redes sociales)

ABSTRACT The field of acculturation spans a rich and broad spectrum of relevant topics, types of populations and geographic areas. It has, however, been slow in incorporating theoretical insights beyond the intergroup relations perspective, neglecting contributions from other social psychology areas, such as the socio-cognitive approach, and from disciplines such as cultural and personality psychology, and the social-network perspective. The main aim of this article is to inform and broaden the understanding of micro- and meso-level acculturation mechanisms (e.g., cultural frame switching, multicultural identity structure and dynamics, intra- and inter-personal interculturality). We argue that it is time for acculturation research to apply other methodologies, rely on new theoretical paradigms and move from predicting acculturation outcomes (e.g., psychological well-being) to modelling acculturation processes. The article closes with a discussion on potential future challenges and needed directions in the social psychological study of acculturation, interculturalism and migration.

The Cost of Being “True to Yourself” for Mixed Selves: Frame Switching Leads to Perceived Inauthenticity and Downstream Social Consequences for Biculturals

A growing population of biculturals—who identify with at least two cultures—often frame switch, adapting their behavior to their shifting cultural contexts. We demonstrate that frame switching biculturals are perceived as inauthentic by majority Americans and consequently seen as less likable, trustworthy, warm, and competent compared to biculturals who do not frame switch or a neutral control (Studies 1–3, N = 763). In Study 2, describing the bicultural’s behavior as authentic despite its inconsistency partly alleviated the negative effects of frame switching. In our preregistered Study 3, majority American women were less romantically interested in and less willing to date a bicultural who frame switched in his dating profiles (mediated by inauthenticity). The way biculturals negotiate their cultures can have social costs and create a barrier to intercultural relations.

Multicultural body-based cultural frame switching: A dance/movement therapy approach

ABSTRACT This article considers how individuals who believe they do not belong to a single cultural or ethnic group, may feel culturally homeless as a result of low bicultural identity integration (BII) in which they feel their multiple cultural identities do not fit together but are contrasting. This feeling of dissonance between a person’s cultural identities can lead to norm violations in social situations due to their inability to culturally frame switch into the most appropriate cultural meaning system. The author’s proposed Multicultural Body-Based Cultural Frame Switching Model utilises dance movement therapy techniques and research from the field of cognitive psychology to help people increase their BII and better accurately culturally frame switch. The model increases memories of positive bicultural experiences through the exploration of body posture, which raises BII and allows for easier access to a person’s differing cultural meaning systems in a given situation.

Методика получения обобщенных статистических характеристик сетевого оборудования для создания имитационных моделей

The research is devoted to the problem of the development models of network equipment that precisely reproduce the operation of real equipment by the time characteristics. Aim. This research is aimed at developing a methodology that allows you to quickly obtain models that statistically coincide in the behavior of the selected parameters with real measured equipment on existing open modeling systems. Methods. To obtain the performance parameters and time characteristics of the real equipment, an approach was proposed, which includes experiment planning to compute the characteristics for a wide range of input traffic intensities. In addition, the approach describes the connection scheme and equipment configuration including external switch control to test the effect of various settings on the performance and packet processing times. It also includes the scripts to automate the creation of traffic test sets with the required parameters of time distribution between the packets as well as the scheme of connection through the container services and receiving traffic dumps. The approach does not include the testing of the output queues operation because the goal was to investigate and transfer into the model processes, which occur before the frames are placed in the outgoing interface queues. An open-source Omnet++ software was used as a modeling environment. Results. We studied the structure of its existing switch model and identified disadvantages that affect the accuracy and reliability of the results. In addition, we proposed an approach for implementing model delay lines based on the interpolation of time parameter tables obtained from real data for the required combination of traffic parameters and inbound interfaces. To test the developed approaches, a test bench on real equipment was assembled, and an experimental research plan was developed. Finally, an automated testing script was implemented according to a given plan. Testing was carried out in the conventional frame switching mode as well as in the switching mode based on OpenFlow tables. In addition, the time characteristics of the intermediate equipment were also obtained in order to take into account their influence on the experimental results. Based on them, a table of parameters was computed for the processing delay line in the model, and the experiment was conducted on the model in Omnet++. Since the obtained samples in the statistical analysis showed the types of distributions that are different from the 3 normal and exponential, the statistical Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare the mean values. Conclusion. The results obtained at a significance level of 0.05 confirmed the efficiency of this approach for models that more accurately describe the temporal characteristics of the traffic processing in network equipment.

Design of Optical Tunnel Switching Networks for Big Data Applications

In this paper, we proposed large-scale optical tunnel switching networks based on the Torus topology network with WSS (Wavelength Selective Switch) for future big data applications. All nodes of the large-scale optical tunnel switching networks use WSS switch modules, and the communications between nodes use multiple λs (wavelengths), where a tunnel is established with a wavelength which can be reused. The widely used MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) and LCoS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) technologies are all millisecond-level switching speeds, so the frame size of the optical frame switch is very large, and this will reduce switching performance. Therefore, they are only suitable for optical tunnel switching networks design, but are not suitable for optical frame switch design. This multi-plane Torus topology network architecture not only increases network throughput, but also has fault tolerance to increase network reliability. When the traffic is changed, the number of tunnels between nodes can be scheduled in time to balance the load traffic and avoid traffic loss. Therefore, it can not only schedule the number of tunnels in time to balance the load traffic, in order to avoid traffic loss, but also because the channel is fixedly established, this does not generate any buffer delay, and this because of the transmission using optical transmission unlimited speed, so it is a good choice for future big data applications that require high speed, high bandwidth and low latency.

Framing Agri‐Digital Governance: Industry Stakeholders, Technological Frames and Smart Farming Implementation

AbstractMeso‐scale actors – such as farm advisors and other extension agents – are increasingly recognised as playing a critical role in managing farmer uncertainty associated with smart farming implementation. However, there has been limited research to date on how these actors navigate smart farming implementation within specific industries or commodity sectors. This article applies theoretical insights from the technological frames literature to investigate how meso‐scale actors in the Australian rice industry frame smart farming technology implementation, and the ways in which relationships between frames variously afford and/or constrain industry sovereignty over implementation of technological change. Through analysis of our data, we reveal a complex relationship between participants’ technological frames involving frame incongruence, frame ambivalence and frame switching. We argue that while development of a more integrated approach to enhancing the digital capacities of meso‐scale actors advocated in the literature provides a way of addressing frame incongruence, more flexible strategies may be needed to address frame ambivalence and switching. Furthermore, we contend that those frame relationships supporting industry sovereignty – namely frame ambivalence and switching – may not always be conducive to the promotion of digital agency among meso‐scale actors, and could in fact impose limits on smart farming implementation.

Наратив переміщень як спосіб конструювання горизонту свідомості героя (роман С. Жадана «Інтернат»)

The topicality and novelty of the proposed article is accounted for by the need to involve into the space of Ukrainian literary studies those methodologies that are extremely rarely used due to various circumstances and that remain on the margins of scientific interests, though having powerful potential opportunities to address new approaches to studying poetics and interpretation of artistic texts. The subject of the research in the proposed article is the moving semantic horizon of protagonist’s consciousness in S. Zhadan’s novel “Boarding School”, which expresses the potential possibilities of construing his identity. Using the methods of phenomenological and existential analysis of the structures of the living world and shifts in the horizons of consciousness developed by E. Husserl and A. Bergson, the author of the article proves that they 1) are naturally in line with the specificity of the writer’s artistic thinking aimed at the analysis of the characters in their search of the purpose of existence and 2) this search of explication of the inner world and shifts of consciousness of the protagonist Pasha is carried out within the narrative of shifting horizons of “protoimpression” which, according to Husserl, in each case is the interaction of three integral components manifested in the experience of “now”, which inevitably fits into the horizon of “once” (retentional — past-related) and “then” (protential — future-related) modifications. It is proved that the artistic narrative of the novel is designed to capture the thickening of the horizons of consciousness and memory of the protagonist, whose experience appears in different modes: perception / rejection, imagination, dream, memory, various visualization techniques, etc. Emphasis is placed on the methods of transferring “shifts” of the protagonist’s consciousness related to the film narrative, the process of image-experience, where profound expansion of memory gains special importance, the formation of subjective impressions: associative saturation of details, attraction to cinematic visualisation, change focalization, “subjective camera effect”, the use of frame switching techniques, etc. Prospects for further studies are associated with the further involvement of the methodology of phenomenological and existential analysis and knowledge of the application of film narration techniques for the analysis of the plot and composition skills of the writer.

Cultural Resources Survey of the City of Hutto Transmission and Distribution Pumping Stations Phase I Project, City of Hutto, Williamson County, Texas

This report documents the substantive findings and management recommendations of a cultural resource inventory conducted by Integrated Environmental Solutions, LLC (IES) for the City of Hutto (COH) Transmission and Distribution Pumping Stations Phase I Project in the City of Hutto, Williamson County, Texas. As the COH is a political subdivision of the State of Texas, the COH is required to comply with the Antiquities Code of Texas (ACT). The goal of the survey was to locate, identify, and assess any cultural resources, which include standing buildings/structures and archeological sites that could be adversely affected by the proposed development, and to evaluate such resources for their potential eligibility for listing as a State Antiquities Landmark (SAL) or eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The cultural resources inventory was conducted by Project Archeologist Anne Gibson and Archeological Field Technician Will Clow on 03 and 04 March 2020, under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 9196. The Area of Potential Effects (APE) encompasses approximately 6.63 acres (ac) and is comprised of three distinct APE areas. The Frame Switch Pumping Station (PS) is 1.2 ac in size and is located approximately 900 feet (ft) south of the intersection of Farm-to-Market Road (FM) 3349 and U.S. Highway (US) 79 midway between the City of Hutto and the City of Taylor. The Inline PS is 4.05 ac in size and is located southwest of the intersection of FM 112 and Williamson County Road (CR) 432. The Shiloh PS is 1.38 ac in size and is located approximately 1,700 ft southwest of the intersection of FM 481 and 482. During the survey, a newly-recorded, historic-period site (41WM1419) was documented within the APE. Based on the lack of association with historically-important individuals or events, absence of significant architectural features, the degree of prior disturbance, and lack of contextual integrity, site 41WM1419 is recommended as not eligible for listing in the NRHP or designation as SALs. In addition, four historic-age architectural resources were identified within the indirect APE during this survey. All records will be temporarily curated at the IES McKinney office and permanently curated at the Center for Archeological Research (CAR) at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA). No further work is warranted. However, if any cultural resources, other than those documented within this report, are unearthed during construction, the operators should stop construction activities, and immediately contact the project environmental representative to initiate coordination with the THC prior to resuming any construction activities.