Fractional-order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization Research Articles

Analysis of the Corneal Geometry of the Human Eye with an Artificial Neural Network

In this paper, a hybrid cuckoo search technique is combined with a single-layer neural network (BHCS-ANN) to approximate the solution to a differential equation describing the curvature shape of the cornea of the human eye. The proposed problem is transformed into an optimization problem such that the L2–error remains minimal. A single hidden layer is chosen to reduce the sink of the local minimum values. The weights in the neural network are trained with a hybrid cuckoo search algorithm to refine them so that we obtain a better approximate solution for the given problem. To show the efficacy of our method, we considered six different corneal models. For validation, the solution with Adam’s method is taken as a reference solution. The results are presented in the form of figures and tables. The obtained results are compared with the fractional order Darwinian particle swarm optimization (FO-DPSO). We determined that results obtained with BHCS-ANN outperformed the ones acquired with other numerical routines. Our findings suggest that BHCS-ANN is a better methodology for solving real-world problems.

Multilevel Colonoscopy Histopathology Image Segmentation Using Particle Swarm Optimization Techniques.

Histopathology image segmentation is a challenging task in medical image processing. This work aims to segment lesion regions from colonoscopy histopathology images. Initially, the images are preprocessed and then segmented using the multilevel image thresholding technique. Multilevel thresholding is considered an optimization problem. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and its variants, darwinian particle swarm optimization (DPSO), and fractional order darwinian particle swarm optimization (FODPSO) are used to solve the optimization problem and they generate the threshold values. The threshold values obtained are used to segment the lesion regions from the images of the colonoscopy tissue data set. Segmented images containing the lesion regions are then postprocessed to remove unnecessary regions. Experimental results reveal that the FODPSO algorithm with Otsu's discriminant criterion as the objective function achieves the best accuracy, Dice and Jaccard values of 0.89, 0.68 and 0.52, respectively, for the colonoscopy data set. The FODPSO algorithm also outperforms other optimization methods such as artificial bee colony and the firefly algorithms in terms of the accuracy, Dice and Jaccard values.

Multilevel Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization Guided Superpixel Algorithm for Histopathology Image Detection and Segmentation.

Histopathology image analysis is considered as a gold standard for the early diagnosis of serious diseases such as cancer. The advancements in the field of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) have led to the development of several algorithms for accurately segmenting histopathology images. However, the application of swarm intelligence for segmenting histopathology images is less explored. In this study, we introduce a Multilevel Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization guided Superpixel algorithm (MMPSO-S) for the effective detection and segmentation of various regions of interest (ROIs) from Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-stained histopathology images. Several experiments are conducted on four different datasets such as TNBC, MoNuSeg, MoNuSAC, and LD to ascertain the performance of the proposed algorithm. For the TNBC dataset, the algorithm achieves a Jaccard coefficient of 0.49, a Dice coefficient of 0.65, and an F-measure of 0.65. For the MoNuSeg dataset, the algorithm achieves a Jaccard coefficient of 0.56, a Dice coefficient of 0.72, and an F-measure of 0.72. Finally, for the LD dataset, the algorithm achieves a precision of 0.96, a recall of 0.99, and an F-measure of 0.98. The comparative results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over the simple Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, its variants (Darwinian particle swarm optimization (DPSO), fractional order Darwinian particle swarm optimization (FODPSO)), Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D), non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm 2 (NSGA2), and other state-of-the-art traditional image processing methods.

Performance Analysis of Optimization Based FOC and DTC Methods for Three Phase Induction Motor

Three-phase induction motors are becoming increasingly utilized in industrial field due to their better efficiency and simple manufacture. The speed control of an induction motor is essential in a variety of applications, but it is difficult to control. This research analyses the three-phase induction motor’s performance using field-oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC) techniques. The major aim of this work is to provide a critical evaluation of developing a simple speed controller for induction motors with improving the performance of Induction Motor (IM). For controlling a motor, different optimization approaches are accessible; in this research, a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) with Fractional Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FODPSO) algorithm is presented to control the induction motor. The FOC and DTC are controlled using FODPSO, and their performance is compared to the traditional FOC and DTC technique. Each scheme had its own simulation model, and the results were compared using hardware experimental and MATLAB-Simulink. In terms of time domain specifications and torque improvement, the proposed technique surpasses the existing method.

FO-DPSO Algorithm for Segmentation and Detection of Diabetic Mellitus for Ulcers

In recent days, the major concern for diabetic patients is foot ulcers. According to the survey, among 15 people among 100 are suffering from this foot ulcer. The wound or ulcer found which is found in diabetic patients consumes more time to heal, also required more conscious treatment. Foot ulcers may lead to deleterious danger condition and also may be the cause for loss of limb. By understanding this grim condition, this paper proposes Fractional-Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FO-DPSO) technique for analyzing foot ulcer 2D color images. This paper deals with standard image processing, i.e. efficient segmentation using FO-DPSO algorithm and extracting textural features using Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) technique. The whole effort projected results as accuracy of 91.2%, sensitivity of 100% and specificity as 96.7% for Naïve Bayes classifier and accuracy of 91.2%, sensitivity of 100% and sensitivity of 79.6% for Hoeffding tree classifier.

Hybrid Optimization Approach for Energy Control in Electric Vehicle Controller for Regulation of Three-Phase Induction Motors

Three-phase induction motors are becoming increasingly popular for electric cars and industrial uses because of their improved efficiency and simplicity of production, among other things. Many enterprises and industries use induction motors in several rotating applications. However, it is a difficult talent to master when it comes to controlling the speed of an induction motor for various purposes. This study examines the performance of a three-phase induction motor using approaches such as field-oriented control and direct torque control. This work utilized the fractional order Darwinian particle swarm optimization (FODPSO) method in fuzzy methodology to optimize a motor’s performance. Field-oriented control (FOC) and Direct torque control (DTC) methods are regulated by FODPSO, which is compared to standard FOC and DTC methods. MATLAB-Simulink was used to compare the outcomes of each system’s simulation model to determine which one performed the best. The support vector machine-direct torque control (SVM-DTC) technology is famous for its rapid dynamic response and decreased torque ripples. Using torque and settling time and rising time reduction, the suggested technique is proved to be superior to the present way.

Optimizing channel selection using multi-objective FODPSO for BCI applications

ABSTRACT Brain-computer interfacing (BCI) requires multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) or electrocorticogram (ECoG) signal acquisition for better performance. The selection of optimum channels that provides the best accuracy is itself a problem to solve because noisy/irrelevant channels can complexify the system and degrade its performance. This paper presents a novel automated model for optimum channel selection for BCI applications using the Fractional Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FODPSO). To assess the information content of selected channels, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used. The weighted sum of the number of channels and the classification accuracy on validation samples is taken as the fitness value for the FODPSO based binary optimization method (where all the variables are binary). The FODPSO and SVM based algorithm is evaluated on the electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings that have been used in BCI competition III. Dual tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) is used for preprocessing of the data and sample entropy is calculated for obtaining the most informative features from the preprocessed data. Eight channels are selected using this algorithm, yielding a classification accuracy of 0.81 for the testing dataset (classifying the ECoG signals of imagined movement of little finger and tongue) that compares favorably with the already reported methods. Experimental results successfully demonstrate that this channel selection algorithm works better both in terms of classification accuracy and in the reduction of the number of required channels.

Fractional order Darwinian particle swarm optimization for parameters identification of solar PV cells and modules

Improved Fractional Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FODPSO) has been proposed to identify the parameters of solar PV cells and modules. For this purpose, the traditional PSO algorithm has been adapted and an improved one using the fractional order calculus has been especially designed as well. The proposed FODPSO together with the PSO has been applied in both the single and double diode models to describe the specified PV units for purpose of comparison. To examine the advantages of the proposed FODPSO over conventional PSO, two approaches have been performed; the first approach is implementing the FODPSO and PSO algorithms using input data obtained from previous international publications for different types of PV cells/modules, then comparing the FODPSO algorithm's results to the results of PSO and the other previous optimization techniques that were using the same input data and identical PV cells/modules. The second validation approach is achieved by performing real measurements in outdoor conditions for another two types of PV modules (mono and poly crystalline Silicon) and inserting these measurements' readings as input data to the PSO and FODPSO algorithms. A comparative study has also been done for both algorithms' results. Enhanced results have been achieved using the FODPSO technique.It is worth mentioning that during the development of this work, other efforts have been made with different techniques that may result in similar or even better results, yet this paper is still introducing for the first time the FODPSO technique (as a modified technique of the PSO) as applied on the PV modeling problem, in addition the paper presents the benefits of the proposed FODPSO over the conventional PSO and presents a comparison that shows the superiority of the FODPSO over the conventional PSO.

Design of fractional evolutionary processing for reactive power planning with FACTS devices

Reactive power dispatch is a vital problem in the operation, planning and control of power system for obtaining a fixed economic load expedition. An optimal dispatch reduces the grid congestion through the minimization of the active power loss. This strategy involves adjusting the transformer tap settings, generator voltages and reactive power sources, such as flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS). The optimal dispatch improves the system security, voltage profile, power transfer capability and overall network efficiency. In the present work, a fractional evolutionary approach achieves the desired objectives of reactive power planning by incorporating FACTS devices. Two compensation arrangements are possible: the shunt type compensation, through Static Var compensator (SVC) and the series compensation through the Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC). The fractional order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FO-DPSO) is implemented on the standard IEEE 30, IEEE 57 and IEEE 118 bus test systems. The power flow analysis is used for determining the location of TCSC, while the voltage collapse proximity indication (VCPI) method identifies the location of the SVC. The superiority of the FO-DPSO is demonstrated by comparing the results with those obtained by other techniques in terms of measure of central tendency, variation indices and time complexity.

Monarch butterfly optimization algorithm for computed tomography image segmentation

In the medical field, image segmentation provides important information for surgical planning and registration, and thus demands accurate segmentation. In order to improve the effectiveness and the threshold accuracy of segmentation, researchers have tended to use a metaheuristic algorithm as the operational algorithm to achieve better exploitation and exploration of the search space and to solve many different medical image problems in an effective manner. This research applies the monarch butterfly optimization (MBO) algorithm for image segmentation at multiple threshold values. To evaluate the performance of the implemented MBO algorithm, a comparison is made with the brute-force (i.e. Otsu) algorithm and two metaheuristic algorithms (i.e. Darwinian particle swarm optimization (DPSO) and fractional-order DPSO). In addition, the quality structural similarity index matrix and the peak signal-to-noise ratio are used to evaluate the accuracy of the resultant segmented images. The experimental results show the advantage of using the MBO algorithm for medical image segmentation in terms of accuracy and speed. Regards the accuracy, MBO algorithm produced an exact match at thresholds 1 and 2 and a very close match at thresholds 3 and 4. Regards the speed, the average of the execution time for threshold 1 was 0.24187 s, for threshold 2 was 0.33831 s, for threshold 3 was 0.95967 s and for threshold 4 it was 1.15308 s.

Validation of an Improved Optimization Technique for Photovoltaic Modeling

Particle Swarm Optimization technique has been improved by fractional order calculus to be used for photovoltaic (PV) modeling. The modified technique which is called Fractional Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FODPSO) has been constructed to estimate the optimal electrical parameters of PV modules. Single and double diode models have been used to designate the PV modules. FODPSO and PSO algorithms have been designed and applied on two different PV modules at different irradiances and temperatures. In order to validate the proposed modeling technique, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the current, RMSE of power and Summation of the Individual Absolute Error (SIAE) results obtained using FODPSO and traditional Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms have been compared. Minimum RMSE and SIAE have been achieved using the FODPSO technique. To verify the FODPSO results accuracy, accurate measurements of short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and maximum power, voltage at maximum power and current at maximum power have been performed for both PV modules. FODPSO-estimated results show excellent agreement with the experimental ones at different irradiances and temperatures.

Investigation of fractional models of damping material by a neuroevolutionary approach

Abstract This research paper deals with a problem related to the damped materials contained in structural dynamics. The problem dealt with here involves a fractional-order damping coefficient in the form of fractional derivatives that present a better mathematical model of the vibration systems. Fractional derivatives are widely used to characterize the viscoelastic features in structural designs. Unlike the integer order differentiation, fractional-order derivatives consider local as well as the global evolution of the system. Therefore, fractional differential equations can be indicated as a reasonable choice for modeling certain physical phenomena, and to present more accurate mathematical solutions to real-world applications than the ordinary differential equations. We have proposed a novel unsupervised machine learning procedure that first designs general solutions, with the help of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), for the fractional-order differential equation containing unknown decision weights. These weights are worked out with the help of Fractional-Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FO-DPSO) algorithm by setting a fitness function for each case. Results obtained from our simulations are better in the sense that they are overlapping with the analytical solutions available in the literature.

Brain Tissue Segmentation from Magnetic Resonance Brain Images Using Histogram Based Swarm Optimization Techniques.

In order to reduce time complexity and to improve the computational efficiency in diagnosing process, automated brain tissue segmentation for magnetic resonance brain images is proposed in this paper. This method incorporates two processes, the first one is preprocessing and the second one is segmentation of brain tissue using Histogram based Swarm Optimization techniques. The proposed method was investigated with images obtained from twenty volumes and eighteen volumes of T1-Weighted images obtained from Internet Brain Segmentation Repository (IBSR), Alzheimer disease images from Minimum Interval Resonance Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease (MIRIAD) and T2-Weighted real-time images collected from SBC Scan Center Dindigul. The proposed technique was tested with three brain image datasets. Quantitative evaluation was done with Jaccard (JC) and Dice (DC) and also it was compared with existing swarm optimization techniques and other methods like Adaptive Maximum a posteriori probability (AMAP), Biased Maximum a posteriori Probability (BMAP), Maximum a posteriori Probability (MAP), Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Tree structure K-Means (TK-Means). The performance comparative analysis shows that our proposed method Histogram based Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (HDPSO) gives better results than other proposed techniques such as Histogram based Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO), Histogram based Fractional Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (HFODPSO) and with existing swarm optimization techniques and other techniques like Adaptive Maximum a posteriori Probability (AMAP), Biased Maximum a posteriori Probability (BMAP), Maximum a posteriori Probability (MAP), Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Tree structure K-Means (TK-Means).

Iot based sustainable wind green energy for smart cites using fuzzy logic based fractional order darwinian particle swarm optimization

In view of the fast growing countries, most of the people prefer to live in smart cities. Green and sustainable energy is an important factor for creating a smart system because only an integrated smart grid system can be an alternative solution from all the traditional methods. Wind energy is one of the renewable energy sources growing in popularity because of its many advantages such as lower cost of production, sustainability, and being environmentally friendly. There is a specific ratio for each wind turbine, at which the extracted power is maximum. To work at this optimal ratio, Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) is essential to adjust the power converter duty cycle and rapidly maximize the energy of wind in the system. In this paper, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller is proposed to achieve utmost available wind power and the controller parameters are optimized by Fractional Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FODPSO) based on Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) techniques. A wind turbine has a variety of sensors for monitoring and measuring the state of the turbine which are connected to the internet using Internet of Things (IoT). This paper proposed an IoT based communication framework for the purpose of reliable communication between wind turbines and control centre. The proposed FODPSO tunes the FLC continuously for generate duty cycle and adjust the converter switches propositional to the variations in wind speed. This FODPSO technique used in the controller gives high speed and reliability as well as excellent accuracy to track maximum wind power. Proposed FODPSO-FLC extracts 20% and 13% more power than existing FLC and PSO-FLC respectively. Finally Proposed FODPSO-FLC reduces 20% and 9% THD than existing FLC and PSO-FLC respectively. The obtained results show that the new IOT solution can accurately predict and control the wind turbine state.

Early Diabetes Discovery From Tongue Images

Abstract Medical imaging shows the internal structures hidden in the skin and bone to diagnose the disease. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that causes high blood sugar levels due to the inadequate secretion of insulin or the body does not respond properly to the secreted insulin. This paper proposes a non-invasive method to detect DM at an early stage based on the physiognomy extracted from tongue images. The tongue extends to identify the disease of a human body. However, unpredictable response of the human body parts such as the stomach, pancreas, liver and intestines revert in the tongue. The changes in the tongue ensure the dereliction of the internal organs of the human being. The changes are difference in the color and surface of the tongue. Processing of tongue image is done by fractional order Darwinian particle swarm optimization (FODPSO) algorithm. The system framework involves obtaining the image, alluring of the image, identifying the texture and color feature and finally classified as normal or diabetic. In this paper, the authors propose to diagnose DM at an early stage from tongue digital image. The tongue image is acquired and processed with FODPSO to extract edge and texture features. Tongue reflects and diagnoses diabetes in a person.

A Soft Computing Approach Based on Fractional Order DPSO Algorithm Designed to Solve the Corneal Model for Eye Surgery

In this research, a soft computing approach based on a Nature-inspired technique, the Fractional-Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FO-DPSO) algorithm, is hybridized with feed-forward artificial neural network (FF-ANN) to suggest and calculate better solutions for non-linear second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) representing the corneal shape model (CSM). The unknown weights involved in approximate solutions obtained through ANN are tuned with the help of FO-DPSO. To test the robustness of our approach and conditionality of CSM, we have considered several cases of CSM with different aspects of the problem. Solutions obtained by Adam's method are used as a reference point for the sake of comparison. We establish it that FO-DPSO is a suitable technique for tuning the unknown weights involved in the solution designed with ANNs. Our results suggest that the proposed approach is a suitable candidate for solving real-world problems involving differential equations.

An Online Video Segmentation using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Technique

Video segmentation is the original needed stage in the video method wherever the whole video is splits into volumetric sections, each segment consists of spatial substantive with temporal domain information. We proposed a video segmentation algorithm using Short Term Hierarchical Fast Watershed Algorithm (STHFWA )and Fractional Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization(FODPSO) technique. In STHFWA ,the k-means clustering is used to find out the initial segments based on the color intensity present in the frames and Fast watershed algorithm is applied to construct the rigid lines based on the catchment basin coordinates to avoid over segmentation. Finally, FODPSO optimization is used to reduce the computational complexity. Also, the experimental results are analyzed on a VSB100 dataset, shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms modern online video segmentation techniques significantly.

Design of fractional swarming strategy for solution of optimal reactive power dispatch

Optimal reactive power dispatch (RPD) for reducing the real power losses of the transmission system is one of the paramount concerns for the research community to investigate the efficiency of power systems. In this paper, strength of meta-heuristic computing paradigm based on fractional-order Darwinian particle swarm optimization (FO-DPSO) is exploited for optimization of RPD problems in energy sector. The fitness functions including line loss minimization and voltage deviation (voltage profile index) are constructed to find the optimal reactive power flow for IEEE 30- and 57-bus test systems. The rich heritage of fractional evolutionary computing through variants of FO-DPSO is applied to minimization problem of optimal power flow by determination of control variables in terms of VAR compensators, bus voltages and transformer tap settings. Comparison of the results shows that fractional swarming intelligence outperformed the state-of-the-art counterparts by means of both line loss minimization and voltage deviation. Superiority of the proposed scheme is also validated for different degrees of freedom in the optimal RPD problems.

Multi-Level Thresholding with Fractional-Order Darwinian PSO and Tsallis Function

A novel optimal multi-level thresholding is proposed using gray scale images for Fractional-order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FDPSO) and Tsallis function. The maximization of Tsallis entropy is chosen as the Objective Function (OF) which monitors FDPSO’s exploration until the search converges to an optimal solution. The proposed method is tested on six standard test images and compared with heuristic methods, such as Bat Algorithm (BA) and Firefly Algorithm (FA). The robustness of the proposed thresholding procedure was tested and validated on the considered image data set with Poisson Noise (PN) and Gaussian Noise (GN). The results obtained with this study verify that, FDPSO offers better image quality measures when compared with BA and FA algorithms. Wilcoxon’s test was performed by Mean Structural Similarity Index (MSSIM), and the results prove that image segmentation is clear even in noisy dataset based on the statistical significance of the FDPSO with respect to BA and FA.

Swarm Intelligence Techniques in Segmenting Human Retinal Vasculature

Vasculature of human retina furnishes information concerning various eye related ailments and also assists in lesions detection. Severity of the eye diseases can be discerned from pathological conditions related to changes in the retinal vasculature. In this work, for pre-processing, Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) and average filter is used to enhance the input image. Further, swarm intelligence techniques, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO), Fractional Order- Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FO-DPSO) are used in segmenting the blood vessels of the human retina. Additionally, similarity index metrics are employed in evaluating the accuracy of the retinal vasculature segmentation with ground truth. The results obtained clearly reveals that FO-DPSO outperforms in segmenting accurately than PSO and DPSO. Results of the segmentation are further reinforced using box and dendogram plot.