Fourth Grade Elementary School Research Articles

Predictors of social withdrawal among early adolescents in Korea: a latent growth class analysis

Abstract Background This study examines the trajectory of social withdrawal from the fourth grade of elementary school to the first grade of middle school in Korea. By classifying them, we identify individual differences such as individual, family, and school factors. Methods This study uses data from the Korean Youth Panel Survey (KYCPS) conducted by the Korea Youth Policy Research Institute, which includes data from the 1st-4th waves of KYCPS 2018, with a total of 2,607 participants (1,313 boys and 1,294 girls). A latent class growth analysis verifies the trajectory of youth social withdrawal, classifies latent classes, and identifies predictive. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze the main variables’ characteristics, descriptive analysis, and reliability. Mplus 8.9 was used to test the research model. Results First, results indicated that three was the optimum number of latent classes. We identified three latent classes ‘high level of withdrawal continued (HL)’, ‘medium level of withdrawal increased (ML)’, and ‘low level of withdrawal increased (LL)’. Second, when compared the ‘LL’ and ‘HL’ groups, the higher the self-esteem, the higher the friendship, and the higher the dependence on smartphones, the more likely it was to be in the ‘HL’ group. Third, when comparing ‘LL’ and ‘ML’ groups, the more negative the parenting attitude, the more likely it was to be in the ‘ML’ group. On the other hand, higher self-esteem and more positive friend and teacher relationships were associated with a higher likelihood of being in the ‘LL’ group. Conclusions It is necessary to seek differentiated interventions to prevent social withdrawal among early adolescents. Parental education to understand the adolescent period and practical approaches to intervene in the negative psycho-emotional aspects of adolescents continuously are needed to enhance the healthy psychological development of early adolescents. Key messages • The higher the self-esteem, the higher the friendship, and the higher the dependence on smartphones, the more likely it was to be in the ‘high level of withdrawal continued’ group. • Higher self-esteem and more positive friend and teacher relationships were associated with a higher likelihood of being in the ‘low level of withdrawal increased’ group.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Komik Digital pada Materi Wujud Zat dan Perubahannya Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar

This research primarily aims to develop digital comic learning media for fourth-grade elementary school students, focusing on the topic of substances and their changes. The method employed in this research is development research (R&D) using the ADDIE development model. The research involved 26 fourth-grade students from State Elementary School 05 South Pontianak and two expert validators, one specializing in media and the other in material. Data collection techniques included interviews and questionnaires. The findings indicated that the development of the digital comic learning media followed four research steps: analysis, design, development, and implementation. The product's feasibility was evaluated and achieved a "very valid" category, with the media aspect scoring 96.31% and the material aspect scoring 98.95%, making it suitable for testing based on both aspects. Additionally, the students rated the digital comic learning media with a score of 91.25%, fulfilling the "very valid" category, and confirming its appropriateness for use in the learning process.

Gender Differences in Critical Thinking through RADEC, Problem-based Learning, and Direct Instruction Learning Models

Critical thinking skills are essential for education and everyday life. Gender is an important component that affects students' critical thinking. However, we still lack an understanding of how gender, critical thinking, and learning strategies interact with each other. This study aims to analyse gender differences in critical thinking and evaluate how effective RADEC, PBL, and Direct Instruction learning models are in improving students' critical thinking skills. This research used experimental method with 3x2 factorial design. The sample of this study was 45 fourth grade elementary school students, consisting of 21 male students and 24 female students. The research data were collected through a critical thinking skills test consisting of ten essay questions that had been validated by experts. After the model was given to each group, then a test was given. To measure critical thinking skills. Two-way analysis of variance (Two Way Anova), assisted by SPSS IBM 29 for Windows, was used to analyse the research data using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study found that gender differences affected students' critical thinking skills in learning Natural and Social Sciences (NSP). Female students obtained higher scores than male students. In addition, out of the other two learning models, the RADEC learning model is better in improving students' ability to think critically

DEVELOPMENT OF AUDIOVISUAL LEARNING MEDIA BASED ON WORDWALL APPLICATIONS TO IMPROVE LITERACY SKILLS

In the world of education, teachers are required to play an important role in supporting students' learning. Efforts that can be made are using learning media. One of them is the use of audiovisual learning media to clarify the material so that learning objectives can be achieved. However, its use is often inappropriate, where in learning, student literacy is lacking and even student interest in knowledge is very low. Based on these problems, improving student literacy can be overcome using the online game learning media Wordwall. The aim of this research is to increase the literacy of fourth grade elementary school students. R&D research method the sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The sample for this research consisted of 33 fourt grades students, namely 13 students at SDN 1 Tamanan and 20 students at SDN 1 Karanganyar. the results of the paired sample t-test showed that H 0 was rejected and H a was accepted so that there were differences before and after the use of audiovisual learning media based on the wordwall game application to increase the literacy of elementary school students with the effectiveness value through the N -Gain test showing an increase, So it can be concluded that audiovisual learning media based on the wordwall game application is able to increase student literacy and is an interesting, fun, valid and practical media to be applied in the learning process in elementary schools.

Do Confidence Ratings Reactively Modify Children's Academic Assessment Performance? Negative Answer from a Three-Year Longitudinal Study.

The reactivity effect of metacognitive judgments on first-order task performance has received increased research attention. Previous studies showed that soliciting retrospective confidence ratings (CRs) reactively enhances task performance itself, such as performance in decision making and reasoning tasks, especially for those with high self-confidence. It remains unknown whether CRs can improve students' academic assessment performance in real educational settings. The current study recruited 795 fourth-grade elementary school children to explore if making CRs reactively affects students' academic assessment performance in two main subjects (i.e., Chinese Language and Mathematics). The data were collected across six waves with half-year intervals. From Wave 2, children either provided (CR group) or did not provide CRs (no-CR group) when completing standardized academic assessments. The results showed Bayesian evidence supporting the claim that making CRs does not influence children's academic assessment performance (both the average performance across waves 2-6 and the performance in each wave) in both subjects. Furthermore, children's self-confidence did not moderate the reactive influence of CRs. The results from multilevel regression analyses re-confirmed the above conclusions. Possible explanations for the absence of the reactivity effect of CRs on children's academic assessment performance are discussed.

Direct and Indirect Effects of Inhibition, Working Memory and Cognitive Flexibility on Reading Comprehension of Narrative and Expository Texts: Same or Different Effects?

Reading skills are essential adaptive skills for daily life, enabling individuals to function effectively in society. This study examines the relations between executive functions components - including inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility - and reading comprehension in both narrative and expository texts. A total of 263 fourth grade elementary school students participated in this study, who were evaluated on their reading comprehension skills, as well as on their executive functions and reading variables such as word reading, fluency and vocabulary. The results of this study suggest that inhibition, working memory and cognitive flexibility have direct and indirect effects on reading comprehension of narrative and expository texts. Especially, the direct effect of working memory is highlighted, both for reading comprehension of expository and narrative texts. Additionally, academic vocabulary is an important mediating variable between executive functions, especially inhibition, and reading comprehension in students of this age. These findings underscore the relevance of strengthening executive functions to improve reading comprehension, especially in middle school students.

PENGARUH MEDIA KARTU DOMINO TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN HOTS PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR

This study seeks to prove whether or not there is an influence of domino card media on higher order thinking abilities (HOTS) in Mathematics subjects in class IV elementary school. A quasi-experimental design employing a quantitative method was utilized. A posttest-only non-equivalent control group design was the research design applied. Class IV students, totaling 64, were the sample used in this research, divided into two classes: the experimental class and the control class. The method of data collecting uses saturated sampling. Data collection is carried out through test instruments that include HOTS indicators. Testing shows that there is an influence on students' higher order thinking skills (HOTS) between the control class and the experimental class. According to data analysis, it is proven that there is an influence of the implementation of domino cards on HOTS abilities in fourth grade elementary school mathematics lessons.

Enhancing Listening Ability and Retelling Skills of Elementary School Students: Exploring the Impact of Nusantara Animated Videos

The role of students' listening ability and retelling skills is crucial in the teaching and learning process, particularly in elementary education where foundational skills are developed. In this context, listening ability directly influences how well students can comprehend instructional content, while retelling skills allow them to effectively organize and communicate the information. This study analyzes the impact of Nusantara animated video media on the listening ability and retelling skills of fourth-grade elementary school students. A quantitative experimental approach with a nonequivalent control group design was employed, involving a sample of 89 students divided into two groups: the experimental group (Jarakan Public Elementary School and Jarakan Public Elementary School 3) and the control group (Blunyahan Public Elementary School 2 and Sawit Public Elementary School). The schools were selected based on similar demographic and educational backgrounds to ensure comparability. Research instruments included a listening ability test and an observation sheet for retelling skills. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed a significant positive impact of Nusantara animated video media on both listening and retelling skills (p 0.05). The findings suggest that incorporating Nusantara animated video media into classroom instruction is an effective strategy to enhance these critical skills, particularly in the context of Indonesian language learning. This study highlights the broader educational implications, including potential applications in curriculum design, teacher training, and educational policy development.

Problem-Based Learning Model Assisted by Graphic Media in Poetry Text Learning for Fourth Grade Elementary School Students

This research aims to explain the problem-based learning model assisted by graphic media in learning poetry texts for fourth-grade elementary school students, as well as the process of implementing it in learning. The research was conducted in the 2022/2023 Academic Year, Even Semester, at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Zaytun, Sandrem Village, Gantar District, Indramayu Regency, with fourth-grade students in West Java Province. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method. The research design used is research and development (Research and Development) with the ADDIE model. The steps/phases of development include: Analysis, Design, Development or Production, Implementation or Delivery, and Evaluation. Data collection methods include interviews, questionnaires, observations, written tests, and performance assessments. The results of the research show that the design of a problem-based learning model assisted by graphic media in learning poetry texts for fourth-grade elementary school students is a new learning model developed from a problem-based learning model associated with graphic media, making learning more meaningful. The assessment results of the learning model design and media use were 70.5%, categorized as suitable for use. The learning media expert assessment results of 80% indicate that the learning media is suitable for use. Meanwhile, based on the results of the implementation of the problem-based learning model assisted by graphic media in learning poetry texts, the assessment results were 38 out of 44, or 86.4%, indicating that the implementation of the learning model was very suitable for use. Based on the data above, it is evident that a problem-based learning model assisted by graphic media in learning poetry texts for fourth-grade elementary school students is highly needed.

Environmental Education at Waste Incineration Facilities in Japan: Educational Activities Continued Even during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This paper discusses the environmental education conducted at waste treatment facilities, which is a significant feature of waste management in Japan. This kind of research has never been done before. In this study, responses were obtained from 82.2% (755/919) of incineration facilities in Japan. According to the survey, 96% of incineration facilities accept visitors. During normal times before the COVID-19 pandemic, they were visited by 8.71 million people annually. Among them, 1.08 million people participated in field trips and lectures to learn about the waste treatment system, with 67% being fourth-grade elementary school students visiting as part of their classes. The practice of elementary school students learning about waste treatment began with the national curriculum guidelines enacted in 1971 and has continued for about half a century. Incineration facilities are equipped to accommodate elementary school students. In 2020, Japan was also hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, even in such circumstances, waste incineration facilities and elementary schools endeavored to continue the field trips for elementary school students. General visitors decreased by 92% from the previous year, but visits as part of elementary school classes only decreased by 77%. The survey results indicate that incineration facilities made efforts to continue the tours for elementary school students by adjusting the timing, implementing infection control measures, and limiting locations. It became clear that many waste management professionals believe that field trips to waste treatment facilities for elementary school students should continue even during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Development of Independent Curriculum IPAS Teaching Materials Using a Project-Based Learning Approach Assisted with the Kvisoft Flipbook Maker Application to Increase the Learning Motivation of Class IV Primary School Students

This research aims to develop IPAS teaching materials using a Project Learning approach assisted by the Kvisoft Flipbook Maker application to increase the learning motivation of fourth-grade elementary school students. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) research using a 4-D development model consisting of four stages: analysis, design, development, and implementation. The media developed is science and technology teaching materials using a Project Learning approach assisted by the Kvisoft Flipbook Maker application to increase the learning motivation of fourth-grade elementary school students. The results of the research show that: the validity test of IPAS teaching materials obtained an overall validity value of 91.80 % in the very valid category; The teacher's practicality results were 93.30 % in the convenient category and the students' practicality results obtained a percentage of 93.50 % in the convenient category; the effectiveness used in increasing the learning motivation of fourth-grade elementary school students received an N-gain value of 0.73 in the high category. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that the IPAS teaching materials using the Project Based Learning approach assisted by the Kvisoft Flipbook Maker application to increase the learning motivation of fourth-grade elementary school students are valid, practical and effective and can increase the learning motivation of fourth-grade elementary school students.

Kahoot!-Based Interactive Multimedia: Can it Increase Social Studies Learning Interest?

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 requires teachers to adapt, master, and use technological devices supporting learning. However, the current problem is that many teachers still need help developing digital learning media for learning activities. This research aims to create interactive multimedia based on Kahoot! to increase fourth-grade elementary school student's interest in learning Social Sciences. This research uses the ADDIE model, which involves analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects were 30 elementary school students. This research uses a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data collection methods use questionnaires and tests. Data collection instruments use questionnaire sheets and test questions. Data analysis techniques use descriptive qualitative, quantitative analysis, and inferential statistics. The research results show a significant difference between the Pretest and post-test, which were treated using Kahoot! Multimedia based. Interactive multimedia based on Kahoot! can increase interest in learning Social Sciences in fourth-grade elementary school students.

Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Cooperative Learning Model in Learning Personification Figures of Speech

Currently, many teachers still need to pay more attention to conducive learning activities. Teachers tend to use a student-centered learning model so that students feel bored while learning. Based on this, this research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model in personification learning in fourth-grade elementary school. This type of research is experimental research. In this research, the design used was Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population of this study was 42 fourth-grade elementary school students. The research sample was determined using the cluster random sampling technique. The methods used to collect data are tests, interviews, observation, documentation, and questionnaires. The technique used to analyze data is inferential statistical analysis. The research results, namely the t-test results, show differences in students' ability to understand personification figures of speech after being treated with the effective Teams Games Tournament learning model. The results of the N-gain test showed an increase in the average pretest and posttest scores for the experimental and control classes. It was concluded that the Teams Games Tournament Learning Model can improve student learning outcomes in learning personification figures of speech. This research implies that the application of TGT can improve student learning outcomes.

Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning dengan Media Kartu Kosakata untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menggunakan Kalimat Lengkap Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri Girijaya

This research aims to illustrate how the development of a discovery learning model using vocabulary card media can improve the ability to use complete sentences in fourth grade elementary school students. This type of research is development research. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews, with data sources coming from teachers and students in the six classes studied. Data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods, starting by changing the qualitative assessment to quantitative to get a score, then calculating the average score, changing it back to a qualitative assessment, as well as explaining the data, discussing the research results, and concluding. The research results show that: (1) based on needs analysis, the learning model desired by students and teachers is a model that actively involves students and fosters curiosity to discover something. The learning media needed is media that is cheap, interesting, easy to use, and can increase students' vocabulary. (2) The principles of preparing learning models include the principles of motivation, experience, discovery, cooperation, language and repetition. (3) Developing a discovery learning model using vocabulary card media produces products in the form of learning models and media which are realized in the form of guidebooks.

The relationship between learning environment and learning motivation to natural and social sciences learning outcomes of the fourth-grade elementary school students

This study investigated the relationship between learning environment, learning motivation, and Natural and Social Sciences learning outcomes of the fourth-grade students of Gugus Mangkubumi, Klaten Regency. The method employed was quantitative, with an ex-post facto correlation research approach. The research population consisted of all fourth-grade students at Gugus Mangkubumi, with a sample size of 106 students selected using the saturated sampling technique. The analysis revealed a positive relationship between learning motivation and learning environment with Natural and Social Sciences learning outcomes. Learning motivation has a greater impact than the learning environment on learning outcomes. This study emphasizes the importance of focusing on students' intrinsic motivation and creating a conducive learning environment to help them achieve academic success. The study's findings highlight the importance of educational interventions that focus on developing intrinsic motivation and creating a supportive learning environment.

Enhancing problem-solving abilities through Geogebra-assisted discovery learning model for elementary school students

The students’ low problem-solving ability is due to a less meaningful learning process. This study aims to analyze the effect of applying the discovery learning model assisted by GeoGebra on the mathematical problem-solving abilities of fourth-grade elementary school students. This research employs the quasi-experimental design. The population of this study consisted of fourth-grade students at SDN Dabin III Pecangaan Jepara. The sample was taken using simple random sampling techniques. The data collecting technique used was a test. The data were analyzed using t-tests. The results of the data analysis showed that the average mathematics learning outcome of the experimental class was 81.03, which was higher than the control class (64.65). It can be concluded that using the discovery learning model with the assistance of GeoGebra significantly affects the problem-solving abilities of fourth-grade elementary school students. The implications of this research provide guidelines for curriculum innovation in facing future challenges.

Testing the Construct Validity and Reliability of the Student Learning Motivation Scale Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)

Constructivist learning environments are created by utilizing constructivist theory to raise teaching standards and motivate students to learn more. The low level of student motivation in the learning process is caused by several problems that occur. Thus, learning motivation is very important in the progress of learning, namely to encourage enthusiasm during the learning process. This research aims to measure students' learning motivation. The sample for this research was fourth grade elementary school students. This research uses a quantitative approach designed using measuring instruments in the form of questionnaires. The results of the research show that these four aspects are: the desire and desire to succeed, the appreciation for learning, the desire to be interested in learning, and optimism. There is one indicator that does not meet the criteria, namely the reward aspect of learning. Therefore, the three aspects that have been described are proven to meet the criteria of goodness of fit, validity and construct reliability. Therefore, the scale developed is suitable for use in collecting data to measure student learning motivation.

Improving Students Critical Thinking Ability Through MABER Media (Multimedia Form of Interactive Energy) in Elementary School

This research was conducted because there are learning activities that do not use learning media, especially technology-based; teaching materials still only use books, and still use the lecture method, causing students to get bored easily, and less interested when learning material is explained, causing a lack of knowledge, apart from critical thinking skills. students are still relatively low. The aim of this research is to improve students' critical thinking skills through MABER, which is the learning media used in this research. This interactive multimedia contains material examples of energy and energy changes in everyday life, media in science and technology subjects in grade IV SDN 05 Ngasem Batealit Jepara. This research uses the Pre Experimental Designs type, with a research design namely One Group Pretest-Posttest. Non-test data collection techniques include observation and interviews and test techniques in the form of pretest and post-test questions. The data analysis technique uses the N-Gain test to determine the increase in students' critical thinking by giving pretest and post-test questions with MABER media. Improving the critical thinking abilities of class IV students through MABER media was carried out through One Group Pretest-Posttest research by giving questions according to critical thinking indicators before and after using MABER learning media. The aim was to determine the increase in students' critical thinking abilities. The results of the pretest and posttest were tested using the N-Gain test. This research showed an increase in the critical thinking skills of class IV students by 0.60 in the medium category. In conclusion, the existence of MABER (Interactive Multimedia in the Form of Energy) media has succeeded in improving the critical thinking skills of fourth-grade elementary school students.

The Development of "Macromedia Flash" Interactive Media For Subject Matter of Nature and Changes In The Subjects of Science For Students of Fourth Graders At Primary School 4 Selong

This study aims to produce interactive learning media using "Macromedia Flash" on the subject matter of the nature and changes in the shape of objects. The subjects were students of fourth graders of elementary school. Data collection instruments included validation sheets, achievement test, and student response questionnaire. The data analysis technique was a calculation using a five scale for analyzing the results of the validation and scoring of values ​​(1) and no value (0) for student questionnaire responses. The results of validation from media experts showed good qualifications and the results of validation from material experts showed good qualifications as well with the total score for media experts was 61 with an average of 4.0 while the value of material experts amounted to 58 with an average of 3.8. The results of the questionnaire responses of students in the field test total overall value of 173 with a percentage of 91.0%. The value was conversion table which the response of students was to the media included in both categories. The number of students who completed was 16 out of 19 students, and the highest number was 90 and the lowest score was 55 with KKM 70, so the percentage of student’s completeness learning classically was 84.20%.

Ethnomathematical exploration of the Al-Akbar National Mosque Surabaya in picture pattern material for fourth grade elementary mathematics

The Al-Akbar National Mosque in Surabaya was constructed with various forms of buildings and ornaments where ethnomathematics can be studied, particularly for drawing pattern material in fourth-grade elementary school. The objectives of this study are to describe: (1) the ethnomathematical links in the architecture of the Al-Akbar National Mosque, Surabaya, and (2) the material of image patterns for fourth-grade elementary school found in parts of the Al-Akbar National Mosque. This research utilizes qualitative methods with an ethnographic approach and was conducted at the Al-Akbar National Mosque in the Pagesangan area of Surabaya City. The objects studied include parts of the buildings and decorations of the Al-Akbar Mosque. Data collection methods included observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that (1) the Al-Akbar National Mosque has ethnomathematical relationships evident in its architecture, layout, and decorations. The concept of image patterns at the Al-Akbar National Mosque is found in the main dome, both outer and inner, as well as the outer pyramid dome. These structures demonstrate the concept of enlarged and smaller image patterns. (2) There are mathematical concepts, especially the pattern of enlarging and shrinking images, present in the Al-Akbar National Mosque, Surabaya. In conclusion, this study underscores the significance of ethnomathematics in architectural design and its potential educational applications in elementary school settings.